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Chronic prostatitis is a process of kidney deficiency and blood stasis mixed with various pathological factors involving the essence chamber, which is manifested as kidney deficiency and blood stasis. Based on the concept of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis of medication, Xiongji Formula is applied to the treatment of chronic prostatitis, due to its "simultaneous holistic and local action" and effects of tonifying the kidney yang and assisting the systemic yang, acting on the brain, heart and kidney as a whole, and meanwhile activating blood circulation, eliminating blood stasis and restoring the function of the essence chamber. This paper discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis with kidney deficiency and blood stasis in Chinese medicine, expounds the significance of "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis of medication, and explores the specific value and clinical application of Xiongji Formula.

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BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with serious complications. This study investigated the metabolic biomarkers associated with AF and the differences in metabolomics and associated metabolic biomarkers between paroxysmal AF (AFPA) and persistent AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma samples were prospectively collected from patients with AF and patients in sinus rhythm with negative coronary angiography. The patients were divided into 3 groups: AFPA, persistent AF, and sinus rhythm (N=54). Metabolomics (n=36) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to detect differential metabolites that were validated in a new cohort (n=18). The validated metabolites from the validation phase were further analyzed by receiver operating characteristic. Among the 36 differential metabolites detected by omics assay, 4 were successfully validated with area under the curve >0.8 (P<0.05). Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the enrichment pathways of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and carbon metabolism. Arachidonic acid was a potential biomarker of AFPA, glycolic acid and L-serine were biomarkers of AFPA and persistent AF, and palmitelaidic acid was a biomarker of AFPA. CONCLUSIONS: In this metabolomics study, we detected 36 differential metabolites in AF, and 4 were validated with high sensitivity and specificity. These differential metabolites are potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease course. This study therefore provides new insights into the precision diagnosis and management of AF.

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Objective·To evaluate the changes in cognitive function in overweight and obese adolescents,and explore the association between cognitive function and fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21).Methods·A total of 175 adolescents from a senior high school in Shanghai were divided into normal weight group(n=50),overweight group(n=50)and obese group(n=75)based on their body mass index(BMI).General information,anthropometric data and laboratory testing indicators of the adolescents were collected and compared.The cognitive function of the three groups of adolescents was assessed by using the accuracy(ACC)and reaction time of Flanker task and n-back task.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the serum FGF21 level of the three groups of adolescents.Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to evaluate the correlation between cognitive task performance and anthropometric data and laboratory testing indicators.Results·Compared with the normal weight group,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and the levels of fasting plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and triacylglycerol in the obese group were higher(all P<0.05).Under congruent or incongruent stimulus conditions in the Flanker task,there was no significant difference in ACC between any two groups;compared with the normal weight and overweight groups,the reaction time of the adolescents in the obese group was prolonged(all P<0.05).In the n-back task,there were no significant differences in ACC between any two groups,while the obese group had longer reaction time in the 1-back and 2-back tasks compared to the normal weight and overweight groups(all P<0.05).Compared with the normal weight group,serum FGF21 levels of the adolescents in the obese group were higher(P=0.000).Partial correlation analysis showed that the reaction time of the adolescents in Flanker and n-back tasks was correlated with their BMI,body fat mass,waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio and FGF21 level(all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis further confirmed that BMI was associated with prolonged reaction time in cognitive-related behavioral tasks in the adolescents(all P<0.05),and FGF21 level was associated with ACC in the 2-back task(P=0.000)and reaction time in the incongruent stimulus condition(P=0.048).Conclusion·Overweight and obese adolescents have cognitive impairments,and BMI and serum FGF21 levels are associated with changes in their cognitive function.

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Objective To develop a self-care scale for patients with lymphedema after breast cancer surgery and verify its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the model of knowledge,belief and practice,a questionnaire item pool was constructed after literature reviews and qualitative interviews.A questionnaire-based scale was drafted based on the established item pool by carrying out two rounds of consultation with 15 clinical nursing specialists,nursing administrators and nursing educators from 8 provinces or cities in China.Reliability and validity of the scale were tested using convenience sampling,involving 444 patients with breast cancer surgery related lymphedema from 7 general hospitals in Hubei and Henan provinces,China,between May and July 2023.Results The response rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 93.75%and 93.33%,respectively.The authority coefficients of the two rounds were 0.86 and 0.89,respectively,and the coordination coefficients for the 2 rounds were 0.130 and 0.379,respectively.In the first round,the average importance rating was from 4.33 to 4.93 with the coefficient of variation from 0.05 to 0.19,and the full score ratio from 53.33%to 93.33%.In the second round,the average importance rating ranged from 2.86 to 4.93 with the coefficient of variation from 0.05 to 0.36,and the full score ratios from 7.14%to 92.86%.A total of 421 patients completed the survey.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.943,the overall split-half reliability was 0.824,the scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was 0.912,and the item-level content validity index(I-CVI)of the total scale ranged from 0.857 to 1.000.The KMO value of exploratory factor analysis was 0.919,the Bartrett spherical test value was 4671.724(P<0.001),and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.155%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit.After the reliability and validity tests,the scale was finalised and determined to consist of three dimensions with 33 items:knowledge(9 items),attitude(6 items)and behaviour(18 items).Conclusion The self-care scale for the patients with lymphedema after breast cancer surgery has demonstrated good reliability and validity,and makes it an effective assessment tool for the patients with lymphedema after breast cancer surgery.

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Mitophagy, a highly precise form of autophagy, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by selectively targeting and eliminating damaged mitochondria through a process known as mitophagy. Within this tightly regulated mechanism, dysfunctional mitochondria are specifically delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Disruptions in mitophagy have been implicated in a diverse range of pathological conditions, spanning diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, cancer, aging, and metabolic syndrome. The elucidation of mitophagy’s impact on cardiovascular disorders, liver diseases, metabolic syndromes, immune dysfunctions, inflammatory conditions, and cancer has significantly advanced our understanding of the complex pathogenesis underlying these conditions. These studies have shed light on the intricate connections between dysfunctional mitophagy and disease progression. Among the disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance (IR) stands out as a prominent condition linked to metabolic disorders. IR is characterized by a diminished response to normal levels of insulin, necessitating higher insulin levels to trigger a typical physiological reaction. Hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disturbances often coexist with IR, primarily due to defects in insulin signal transduction. Oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondrial dysfunction, exerts dual effects in the context of IR. Initially, it disrupts insulin signaling pathways and subtly contributes to the development of IR. Additionally, by inducing mitochondrial damage and autophagy, oxidative stress indirectly impedes insulin signaling pathways. Consequently, mitophagy acts as a protective mechanism, encapsulating damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This efficient process eliminates excessive oxidative stress reactive. The intricate interplay between mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and IR represents a captivating field of investigation in the realm of metabolic disorders. By unraveling the underlying complexities and comprehending the intricate relationships between these intertwined processes, researchers strive toward uncovering novel therapeutic strategies. With a particular focus on mitochondrial quality control and the maintenance of redox homeostasis, these interventions hold tremendous potential in mitigating IR and enhancing overall metabolic health. Emerging evidence from a myriad of studies has shed light on the active involvement of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Notably, interventions such as exercise, drug therapies, and natural products have been documented to induce mitophagy, thereby exerting beneficial effects on metabolic health through the activation of diverse signaling pathways. Several pivotal signaling molecules, including AMPK, PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3/Nix, and FUNDC1, have been identified as key regulators of mitophagy and have been implicated in the favorable outcomes observed in metabolic disorders. Of particular interest is the unique role of PINK1/Parkin in mitophagy compared to other proteins involved in this process. PINK1/Parkin exerts influence on mitophagy through the ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. Conversely, BNIP3/Nix and FUNDC1 modulate mitophagy through their interaction with LC3, while also displaying certain interrelationships with each other. In this comprehensive review, our objective is to investigate the intricate interplay between mitophagy and IR, elucidating the relevant signaling pathways and exploring the treatment strategies that have garnered attention in recent years. By assimilating and integrating these findings, we aim to establish a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles and intricate mechanisms by which mitophagy influences IR. This endeavor, in turn, seeks to provide novel insights and serve as a catalyst for further research in the pursuit of innovative treatments targeting IR.

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Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver uma modalidade de educação em saúde baseado na teoria do comportamento planejado (TCP) e explorar sua influência no estilo de vida pós-operatório de pacientes com câncer cervical. Métodos Um total de 122 pacientes diagnosticados de janeiro de 2019 a junho de 2020 foram divididos nos grupos Controle e Educação (n = 61) usando uma tabela de números aleatórios. O grupo Controle recebeu educação em saúde tradicional após a cirurgia, enquanto o grupo Educação recebeu educação em saúde baseada em TCP após a cirurgia e seus dados gerais, adesão à medicação, adesão à dieta, tempo de alta, incidência de complicações, estilo de vida, qualidade de vida (QV) e estado mental antes e depois da cirurgia foram comparados. Resultados Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos dados gerais, pontuação de estilo de vida pré-operatório, pontuação de qualidade de vida e pontuação de estado mental entre os dois grupos (P>0,05). No grupo Educação, as pontuações de adesão à medicação e adesão à dieta foram significativamente maiores do que no grupo Controle, enquanto o tempo de alta e a incidência total de complicações foram mais precoces e menores do que no grupo Controle (P <0,05). Após a cirurgia, as pontuações de autorrealização, relacionamento interpessoal, nutrição, atividade física, responsabilidade pela saúde, gestão do estresse, dimensão física, dimensão social/familiar, dimensão emocional e dimensão funcional aumentaram significativamente, enquanto as pontuações do termômetro de sofrimento e da lista de problemas diminuíram em ambos os grupos, e a melhora nas pontuações foi maior no grupo Educação do que o grupo Controle (P <0,05). Conclusão A modalidade de educação em saúde baseada na TCP pode melhorar a adesão ao tratamento pós-operatório, reduzir as complicações pós-operatórias e melhorar o estilo de vida, a qualidade de vida e o estado mental de pacientes com câncer cervical.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar una modalidad de educación para la salud basada en la teoría del comportamiento planeado (TCP) e investigar su influencia en el estilo de vida posoperatorio de pacientes con cáncer cervical. Métodos Un total de 122 pacientes diagnosticados de enero de 2019 a junio de 2020 fueron divididos entre los grupos Control y Educación (n=61) por medio de una planilla de número aleatorios. El grupo Control recibió educación para la salud tradicional luego de la cirugía, mientras que el grupo Educación recibió educación para la salud basada en la TCP después de la cirugía; se compararon los datos generales, la adherencia a la medicación, la adherencia a la dieta, el tiempo de alta, la incidencia de complicaciones, el estilo de vida, la calidad de vida (CV) y el estado mental antes y después de la cirugía. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en datos generales, puntaje de estilo de vida preoperatorio, puntaje de calidad de vida y puntaje de estado mental (P>0,05). En el grupo Educación, los puntajes de adherencia a la medicación y adherencia a la dieta fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo Control; mientras que el tiempo de alta fue anterior y la incidencia total de complicaciones fue menor que en el grupo Control (P <0,05). Después de la cirugía, los puntajes de autorrealización, relaciones interpersonales, nutrición, actividad física, responsabilidad por la salud, gestión del estrés, dimensión física, dimensión social/familiar, dimensión emocional y dimensión funcional aumentaron significativamente; mientras que los puntajes del termómetro de sufrimiento y de la lista de problemas disminuyeron en ambos grupos y la mejora de los puntajes fue mayor en el grupo Educación que en el grupo Control (P <0,05). Conclusión La modalidad de educación para la salud basada en la TCP puede mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento posoperatorio, reducir las complicaciones posoperatorias y mejorar el estilo de vida, la calidad de vida y el estado mental de paciente con cáncer cervical.

Abstract Objective To develop a health education mode based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and to explore the influence of this mode on the postoperative lifestyle of patients with cervical cancer. Methods A total of 122 patients diagnosed from January 2019 to June 2020 were divided into control and education groups (n=61) using a random number table. Control group received traditional health education after operation, while education group was given TPB-based health education after operation. Their general data, medication compliance, dietary compliance, discharge time, incidence of complications, lifestyle, quality of life (QOL) and mental state before and after operation were compared. Results No significant differences were found in general data, preoperative lifestyle score, QOL score and mental state score between the two groups (P>0.05). In education group, the medication compliance and dietary compliance scores were significantly higher than those in control group, while the discharge time and the total incidence of complications were earlier and lower than those in control group (P<0.05). After operation, the scores of self-realization, interpersonal relationship, nutrition, physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, physical dimension, social/family dimension, emotional dimension and functional dimension significantly rose, while the distress thermometer and problem list scores declined in both groups, and education group had better improvement in scores than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Theory of planned behavior health education mode can improve the postoperative treatment compliance, reduce postoperative complications, and ameliorate the lifestyle, quality of life and mental state of patients with cervical cancer.

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Generation of continental crust in collision zones reflect the interplay between oceanic subduction and continental collision. The Gangdese continental crust in southern Tibet developed during subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab in the Mesozoic prior to reworking during the India-Asia collision in the Cenozoic. Here we show that continental arc magmatism started with fractional crystallization to form cumulates and associated medium-K calc-alkaline suites. This was followed by a period commencing at ~70 Ma dominated by remelting of pre-existing lower crust, producing more potassic compositions. The increased importance of remelting coincides with an acceleration in the convergence rate between India and Asia leading to higher basaltic flow into the Asian lithosphere, followed by convergence deceleration due to slab breakoff, enabling high heat flow and melting of the base of the arc. This two-stage process of accumulation and remelting leads to the chemical maturation of juvenile continental crust in collision zones, strengthening crustal stratification.

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BACKGROUND: Limited data were available on the current trends in optimal medical therapy (OMT) after PCI and its influence on clinical outcomes in China. We aimed to evaluate the utilization and impact of OMT on the main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in post-PCI patients and analyzed the factors predictive of OMT after discharge. METHODS: We collected data from 3812 individuals from 2016.10 to 2017.09 at TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital. They were classified into an OMT group and a non-OMT group according to their OMT status, which was defined as the combination of dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, ß-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers after PCI. Multivariable Cox regression models were developed to assess the association between OMT and MACCEs, defined as all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization. A logistic regression model was established to analyze the factors predictive of OMT. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the proportion of patients receiving OMT and its component drugs decreased over time. A total of 36.0% of patients were still adherent to OMT at the end of follow-up. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline OMT (P < 0.001, OR = 52.868) was the strongest predictor of OMT after PCI. The Cox hazard model suggested that smoking after PCI was associated with the 1-year risk of MACCE (P = 0.001, HR = 2.060, 95% CI 1.346-3.151), while OMT (P = 0.001, HR = 0.486, 95% CI 0.312-0.756) was an independent protective factor against postoperative MACCEs. CONCLUSIONS: There was still a gap between OMT utilization after PCI and the recommendations in the evidence-based guidelines. Sociodemographic and clinical factors influence the application of OMT. The management of OMT and smoking cessation after PCI should be emphasized.

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With the development of big data, the Internet and information technology, artificial intelligence is gradually being applied to the field of hospital management. The authors used advanced artificial intelligence technology to conduct structured collection and monitor the hospital′s current medical quality data, identifying key points and key events affecting medical quality and safety from the link, and providing medical personnel′s behavior with pre-warning, process monitoring and post-evaluation to improve hospital medical quality management.

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Objective:To investigate the rehabilitation resources of community health centers in Shanghai. Methods:December, 2018, all 247 community health centers in 16 districts of Shanghai were investigated with Health Institution Questionnaires, including the number of rehabilitation personnel (physiatrician, physical therapists) and the number of rehabilitation beds, etc. Results:There were 152 physiatrician and 597 physical therapists in community health centers in Shanghai. The numbers of physiatrician and physical therapists per 1000 registered population were 0.01 and 0.04, and were 0.03 and 0.12 for per 1000 registered elderly population. There were 17 484 beds in community health centers, in which the rehabilitation beds were 1425, accounting for 8.15%. Besides, the numbers of rehabilitation beds per 1000 registered population and registered elderly population in Shanghai were 0.10 and 0.30. Conclusion:The development of community-based rehabilitation in Shanghai is unbalanced. There is lack of community-based rehabilitation resources, the supply of service is insufficient, and there is gap between supply and demand. It is suggested to strengthen the support to community-based rehabilitation, and improve the supply of community-based rehabilitation resources.

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The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged ≥ 40 years in Shanghai, China. Oral glucose tole3rance test was conducted during baseline and follow-up visits. Relative risk regression was utilized to examine the associations between baseline gender-specific serum uric acid levels and incident diabetes risk. A total of 613 (10.3%) incident diabetes cases were identified during the follow-up visit after 4.5 years. Fasting plasma glucose, postload glucose, and glycated hemoglobin A1c during the follow-up visit progressively increased across the sex-specific quartiles of serum uric acid (all Ps < 0.05). The incidence rate of diabetes increased across the quartiles of serum uric acid (7.43%, 8.77%, 11.47%, and 13.43%). Multivariate adjusted regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had 1.36-fold increased risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum uric acid (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.36 (1.06-1.73)). Stratified analysis indicated that the association was only observed in women. Accordingly, serum uric acid was associated with the increased risk of incident diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.

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With the development of big data, the Internet and information technology, artificial intelligence is gradually being applied to the field of hospital management. The authors used advanced artificial intelligence technology to conduct structured collection and monitor the hospital′s current medical quality data, identifying key points and key events affecting medical quality and safety from the link, and providing medical personnel′s behavior with pre-warning, process monitoring and post-evaluation to improve hospital medical quality management.

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Precise regulation of glucose metabolism-related genes is essential for early embryonic development. Although previous research has yielded detailed information on the biochemical processes, little is yet known of the dynamic gene expression profiles in glucose metabolism of preimplantation embryos at a single-cell resolution. In the present study, we performed integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of human preimplantation embryos that had been cultured in sequential medium. Different cells in the same embryo have similar gene expression patterns in glucose metabolism. During the switch from the cleavage to morula stage, the expression of glycolysis-related genes, such as glucose transporter genes (solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 (SLC2A1) and solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3 (SLC2A3) and genes encoding hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, is increased. The genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway are highly expressed at the cleavage stage, generating the reducing power to balance oxidative stress derived from biosynthesis. Expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids is increased after the morula stage. Nevertheless, the expression of tricarboxylic acid-related genes remains relatively unchanged during the preimplantation stages. In conclusion, we discovered that the gene expression profiles are dynamic according to glucose utilisation in the embryos at different stages, which contributes to our understanding of regulatory mechanisms of glucose metabolism-related genes in human preimplantation embryos.

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OBJECTIVE@#To examine the association between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease risk among individuals without diabetes.@*METHODS@#We investigated the association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of prevalent cardiometabolic diseases, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) among 8,252 participants aged ⪖ 40 years without diabetes from Jiading district, Shanghai, China.@*RESULTS@#Body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and serum lipids increased progressively across the sex-specific quartiles of uric acid (all P trend < 0.05). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the higher quartiles had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (all P trend < 0.05). A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had an increased risk of predicted cardiovascular disease compared with those in the lowest quartile of uric acid. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for the highest quartiles for high Framingham risk were 3.00 (2.00-4.50) in men and 2.95 (1.08-8.43) in women. The multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the highest quartile for high ASCVD risk were 1.93 (1.17-3.17) in men and 4.53 (2.57-7.98) in women.@*CONCLUSION@#Serum uric acid level is associated with an increased risk of prevalent obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and 10-year risk for ASCVD among Chinese adults without diabetes.

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Objective To investigate the association between levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the risks of cardiovascular disease in Chinese. Methods A survey of 10 375 subjects aged 40 or older in Jiading District of Shanghai was performed using cluster sampling. All the subjects were recruited to undergo questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood sampling. A total of 8 877 participants were included in the final analyses, including 5 664 females and 3 213 males. The mean age of individuals was ( 58.68 ± 9.22)yearsinmenand(57.65±8.93)yearsinwomen(P＜0.01).10-yearriskforafirsthardatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) event was calculated. Results Increased ALT levels were associated with more unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles and 10-year risk for ASCVD. Increased ALT levels were associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in female participants, while in male participants the prevalence of diabetes mellitus appeared as a U-distribution. The prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia were 66.04%, 52.74%and 64.49%, 47.63% respectively. Increased serum ALT was associated with higher prevalence of 10-year risk for ASCVD. As compared with participants in the first ALT quartile, the risks of 10-year risk for ASCVD were increased by 148%(OR＝2.48, 95%CI 1.78-3.45) and 139%(OR＝2.39, 95%CI 1.78-3.19), respectively in male and female participants. As compared with participants in the first ALT quartile, higher prevalence of 10-year risk for ASCVD were increased by 96%(OR＝1.96, 95%CI 1.30-2.95), while there was no significantly statistical difference in men. Conclusion A high-normal serum ALT level was significantly associated with an increased risk of the cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

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A cotyledon bioassay was conducted to assess the activity of isopyrazam against Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & N. Shishkoff, causal agent of cucumber powdery mildew. Results showed that isopyrazam has protective and curative activity against P. xanthii, with EC50 values of 0.04 and 0.05 mg liter-1, respectively. These activities are higher than those for hexaconazole, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and azoxystrobin, fungicides currently used against cucumber powdery mildew. Isopyrazam at 0.5 mg liter-1 damaged conidiophores. Results of inoculation tests in greenhouse pots indicate that isopyrazam demonstrates a level of systemic movement in cucumber plants, especially regarding translaminar and transverse translocation. Efficacy following translaminar and transverse translocations on cotyledons and leaves treated with 60 mg liter-1 was 94.40% and 88.96%, and 95.26% and 82.83%, respectively. In addition, isopyrazam at 60 mg liter-1 exhibited a long duration of efficacy against cucumber powdery mildew, almost 2 to 3 weeks longer than that of triazoles and strobilurins. Similar trends in residual durations were observed during 2014 and 2015 greenhouse trials. Isopyrazam at 30 and 60 a.i. g ha-1 provided efficacy ranging from 83.27 to 90.83% 20 days following treatment. In conclusion, isopyrazam has translaminar and transverse translocation in cucumber leaves, and long duration of activity against cucumber powdery mildew.

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Objective·To investigate the relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a community-based study among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Methods·A survey of 10375 inhabitants aged 40 years or older in Jiading District of Shanghai was performed using cluster sampling. All the subjects were recruited to undergo questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measurements. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure biochemical features, including plasma glucose, lipid profiles, liver and renal function, as well as urinary albumin and creatinine. Obesity status was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. According to body mass index (BMI) levels, the subjects were divided into normal weight group (BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight group (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI<30 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on American Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of CKD among people with different BMI levels. Results·Increased BMI levels were associated with more unfavorable metabolic profiles. After a variety of factors were adjusted,each 1 kg/m2 increment of BMI was associated with a 9% higher risk of prevalent CKD, and the odds ratio (OR) was 1.09 (95% CI:1.07-1.12). Results from multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in the total population, compared with individuals in the normal weight group, those in the overweight and obesity groups had 51% (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.27-1.78) and 181% (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 2.20-3.61) higher risk of prevalent CKD. Conclusion·In the middle-aged and elderly community population in China, overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of prevalent CKD.

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Objective·To investigate the relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a community-based study among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Methods·A survey of 10375 inhabitants aged 40 years or older in Jiading District of Shanghai was performed using cluster sampling. All the subjects were recruited to undergo questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measurements. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure biochemical features, including plasma glucose, lipid profiles, liver and renal function, as well as urinary albumin and creatinine. Obesity status was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. According to body mass index (BMI) levels, the subjects were divided into normal weight group (BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight group (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI<30 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on American Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of CKD among people with different BMI levels. Results·Increased BMI levels were associated with more unfavorable metabolic profiles. After a variety of factors were adjusted,each 1 kg/m2 increment of BMI was associated with a 9% higher risk of prevalent CKD, and the odds ratio (OR) was 1.09 (95% CI:1.07-1.12). Results from multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in the total population, compared with individuals in the normal weight group, those in the overweight and obesity groups had 51% (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.27-1.78) and 181% (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 2.20-3.61) higher risk of prevalent CKD. Conclusion·In the middle-aged and elderly community population in China, overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of prevalent CKD.

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Objective To explore the effect of Balint group training on the humanistic caring ability of junior nurses. Methods About 96 junior nurses from the department of oncology were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group equally.Balint group training was given to the intervention group every 2 weeks in a year.The control group completed the humanistic care training according to the regular procedure in the department of the hospital.At the beginning of the study and at the end of the study,the nursing staff from the two groups and the patients under their continuous nursing care for more than 3 days were surveyed by the care efficiency scale,nursing care behavior scale and patient care perception questionnaire.Results Before the intervention,there was no significant difference between the groups in the care performance and behavior of nursing staff and the patients'care perception (P>0.05).After the intervention there was significant difference in the care performance and behavior of nursing staff and the patients' care perception (P<0.05). Conclusions Balint group training can improve the caring performance of junior nurses.Their ability to express care and establish the caring nurse-patient relationship can be improved by this group training.They become more voluntary to integrate caring behavior into the daily care and their caring behaviors can be more likely to be felt and recognize by the patients.