RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The nose is a pyramidal shaped structure situated in the midline of midface being attached to the facial skeleton. The shape, size and spatial location of the nose-philtrum-upper lip complex are important from aesthetic point of view. Hence, to study the nasal parameters, shape of nostril and philtrum among the undergraduate students remained as the main aim of this study. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study enrolling 250 students of age 18-25 years. Nasal height, nasal width was measured and the shape of the nostrils and philtrum was recorded separately for each participant. RESULTS: Out of 250 participants 113 were males and 137 were females. The mean nasal index of male was 75.36 while that of female was 71.72 suggesting that both genders had mesorrhine nasal type. The rectangular shaped nostrils and triangular type of philtrum was the most common types found in the study Conclusions: The study concluded that, the nasal index was mesorrhine type, the nostril was rectangular and the philtrum column was triangular in this study population.
Asunto(s)
Labio/anatomía & histología , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histología , Nepal , Estudiantes de Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to know the anatomical basis of medial sural artery (MSA) and its perforators in Nepalese. METHODS: The popliteal arteries of 16 preserved cadaveric lower limbs were injected with a mixture of red ink and glycerine. The number, location, diameter of perforators; length and intramuscular course of pedicle; the branching pattern of MSA were observed and measured. RESULTS: The mean of 2.2 ± 1.2 perforators (range 0-4) was observed. The perforators were clustered between 8.6 and 25.7 cm from the popliteal crease and 0.3-7.5 cm from posterior midline of leg. The dominant perforators were observed in middle 1/3rd of the leg. The average pedicle length was 12.04 ± 3.27 cm. The intramuscular courses of pedicles were observed in deep and superficial strata in 65.7 and 34.3%, respectively. The MSA originated from popliteal artery in 62.5% and common sural artery in 37.5%. An accessory MSA was found in 12.5%. Type I and Type III branching patterns of MSA were observed in 31.2% each whereas Type II was found in 37.5%. The mean external diameter of perforators and MSA were 0.85 ± 0.27 mm and 2.2 ± 0.43 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The metrical presentation of this study provides an easy access to know about the distribution of perforators and branching pattern of MSA which will help the surgeons to make a convenient plan to harvest the MSA perforator flap in Nepalese population.
Asunto(s)
Arterias/anatomía & histología , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/irrigación sanguínea , Colgajo Perforante/irrigación sanguínea , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Adulto , Cadáver , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nepal , Colgajo Perforante/trasplanteRESUMEN
The Klinefelter syndrome is most common chromosomal cause of male infertility. However, the many cases of the syndrome remain undiagnosed due to variations in clinical presentation. A patient attended to surgical OPD with complaints of loss of secondary sexual characteristics and infertility. Physical examination revealed tall stature, thin built, small testes size, and absence of beard and pubic hairs. Karyotype and biochemical tests were performed to detect chromosomal abnormality as well hormonal level to confirm the diagnosis of androgen deficiency syndrome. Chromosomal complement confirmed the case of Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) causing androgen deficiency. Timely detection of Klinefelter syndrome is important to formulate further treatment modalities for the benefit of the patient.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Klinefelter/diagnóstico , Adulto , Andrógenos/deficiencia , Cromosomas Humanos X , Anomalías Congénitas , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Síndrome de Klinefelter/genética , Masculino , TestículoRESUMEN
Facial region has enormous blood supply. The maxillary vein, facial vein and superficial temporal vein are chief venous draining channels. There are numerous reports of unusual venous system of face, in the present case, retromandibular vein divides into anterior and posterior division soon after its formation, external carotid artery lying lateral to retromandibular vein, formation of common venous channel between internal jugular vein and anterior jugular vein where facial, lingual and submental vein drain.