RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common adult renal neoplasm. Staging and grading of RCC are important predictors of survival. Fuhrman nuclear grading is widely used for CCRCC, the subjective nature of which has prompted more objective methods to evaluate nuclear features. Furthermore, Ki-67, a reliable marker of cellular proliferation may provide another variable for assessment of the biological behavior of RCC. The aim of this research was to study nuclear morphometry and Fuhrman nuclear grading of clear cell RCC, and to assess their relationship with the Ki-67 index. METHODS: Hematoxylin and eosin slides of forty cases of CCRCC were retrieved and studied for pathologic variables, including Fuhrman nuclear grade, pathological tumor and node stage. Nuclear morphometric analysis was performed using computer-assisted image analysis. The relationship between Fuhrman nuclear grading, pathologic stage, tumor size, nuclear morphometry and proliferative index were analyzed. RESULTS: According to Fuhrman grading, four (10%) cases were grade I, 23 (57.5%) were grade II, 12 (30%) were grade III, and one (2.5%) was grade IV. Moderate to high correlation was seen between Fuhrman nuclear grade and mean nuclear area, perimeter, diameter, length, nuclear roundness factor and Ki -67, with a P value of < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The CCRCC is an extremely heterogenous disease and clinical outcome is unpredictable despite several validated prognostic factors. The widely used Fuhrman nuclear grading is subjective, while nuclear morphometry, using computer assisted image analysis, can ensure more objective assessment. The Ki-67 index could provide reliable information and compliment the other prognostic parameters.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patología , Nervio Mediano/patología , Neuropatía Mediana/diagnóstico , Neuropatía Mediana/patología , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/patología , Biopsia , Hamartoma/cirugía , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Masculino , Neuropatía Mediana/cirugía , Microscopía , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Lysosomal instability has been suggested as a major factor in the development of cellular injury during myocardial necrosis through the formation of inflammatory mediators. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of mangiferin on lysosomal hydrolases and TNF-alpha production during isoproterenol (ISPH) induced myocardial necrosis in rats. The rats given ISPH (200 mg/kg body weight twice, subcutaneous) for 2 days showed a significant increase in plasma TNF-alpha production, serum and heart lysosomal hydrolases activity. ISPH administration to rats resulted in decreased stability of the membranes, which was reflected by the lowered activity of cathepsin-D and beta-glucuronidase in mitochondrial, nuclear, lysosomal and microsomal fractions. Pretreatment with mangiferin (100 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) for 28 days, significantly prevented the alterations and restored the enzyme activities to near-normal status. These findings demonstrate that mangiferin could preserve lysosomal integrity through decrease in the inflammatory process and hence establish the cardioprotective effect of mangiferin.
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Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Lisosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Xantonas/farmacología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Isoproterenol , Lisosomas/enzimología , Masculino , Miocardio/enzimología , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
The Ayurvedic system of medicine recommends Bacopa monniera (BM) in the treatment of tumors. The present study aims to determine the mode of cell death induced by the ethanolic extract of BM in mouse S-180 cells. BM-treated S-180 cells were assessed for cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner using dye exclusion studies. Morphological changes in the BM-treated and untreated cells were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Glutathione (GSH) levels were quantified and the percentage of apoptotic cells was determined using Annexin V-FITC assay. The results indicate that BM induces a dose- and time-dependent loss of cell viability with maximum cytotoxicity at 48 h at a concentration of 550 microg/ml. TEM studies indicate apoptosis in the BM-treated cells. GSH levels were decreased in the BM-treated cells and Annexin V-FITC assay revealed 90.2% of the cells as apoptotic. Conclusively, BM induces cell death by apoptosis in S-180 cells.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bacopa/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Anexina A5/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Citometría de Flujo , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Medicina Ayurvédica , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica de TransmisiónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate early and late effects of radiation and a-tocopherol on the secretion rate of saliva and on selected saliva salivary parameters in oral cavity cancer patients. PATIENTS & METHODS: Eighty-nine histologically confirmed oral cavity cancer patients (OCC) were enrolled in the study. Resting whole saliva was collected before, during and at the end of the radiation therapy (RT) and simultaneous supplementation with alpha - tocopherol to the radiation treated patients (RT + AT). RESULTS: Salivary flow rate, pH, amylase activity, total protein, sodium and potassium were analyzed. Increased pH, potassium and decreased flow rate, amylase activity, protein content and sodium were observed in 6 weeks of radiation treated patients when compared to OCC patients. A significant improvement of those parameters was observed on alpha - tocopherol supplementation in RT + AT patients. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with alpha - tocopherol improves the salivary flow rate thereby, maintains salivary parameters.
Asunto(s)
Amilasas/efectos de la radiación , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , Saliva/efectos de la radiación , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/efectos de la radiación , alfa-Tocoferol/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Amilasas/efectos de los fármacos , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/uso terapéutico , Electrólitos/análisis , Electrólitos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Potasio/análisis , Potasio/efectos de la radiación , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Saliva/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/efectos de los fármacos , Tasa de Secreción/efectos de los fármacos , Tasa de Secreción/efectos de la radiación , Sodio/análisis , Sodio/efectos de la radiación , Xerostomía/etiología , Xerostomía/prevención & controlRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The relationships between alpha-tocopherol, pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzyme status, and radiation toxicity were studied in stage II, III, and IVA oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The low levels of malondialdehyde and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes were correlated with decreased oxidative stress by alpha-tocopherol in oral cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-tocopherol on oxidant-antioxidant enzyme status in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included three groups with histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (untreated), and they were further divided into two groups, viz., one consisting of patients who underwent radiotherapy alone (radiotherapy was given at the dosage of 6000 cGy in five fractions per week for a period of 6 weeks); and the other group treated with radiotherapy plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation (alpha-tocopherol was supplemented at a dosage of 400 IU/day) for the entire period of radiotherapy. RESULTS: A significant decrease ( P < 0.001) in malondialdehyde levels and increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes ( P < 0.001) in hemolysate were noticed in patients treated with radiotherapy and simultaneously supplemented with alpha-tocopherol when compared to radiation-treated patients. CONCLUSION: It was seen that alpha-tocopherol played a role in protecting against the damage caused by irradiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy, by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme status and reducing the pro-oxidant status.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Boca/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , alfa-Tocoferol/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/efectos de la radiación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Catalasa/sangre , Catalasa/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/efectos de la radiación , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/efectos de la radiación , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Glutatión Reductasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Reductasa/efectos de la radiación , Glutatión Transferasa/sangre , Glutatión Transferasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Transferasa/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Malondialdehído/efectos de la radiación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/efectos de la radiación , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Serum glycoproteins were evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy and also the effect of vitamin E was studied. Cell surface glycoconjugates are important parameters in the detection of malignancy. Thus, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin E on glycoproteins in oral cavity cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The study includes 26 age and sex matched normal healthy individuals and 26 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. These patients were divided into two groups, one for radiotherapy alone (at a dosage of 6000 cGy in five fractions per week for a period of six weeks) and the other for radiotherapy plus vitamin E supplementation (at a dosage of 400 IU / day of vitamin E) for the entire period of radiotherapy. Levels of hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and a significant decrease was observed in radiation treated patients when compared to control. The levels of glycoconjugates were significantly decreased in radiation treated patients supplemented with vitamin E. This measurement may be useful in assessing disease progression and identifying patients resistant to therapy and a possible role of vitamin E on reduction in glycoconjugate levels of radiation treated oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
RESUMEN
Free radicals produced by ulcerogenic agents affect the TCA cycle enzymes located in the outer membrane of the mitochondria. Upon induction with ulcerogens, peroxidation of membrane lipids bring about alterations in the mitochondrial enzyme activity. This indicates an increase in the permeability levels of the mitochondrial membrane. The ability of PSE to scavenge the reactive oxygen species results in restoration of activities of TCA cycle enzymes. NSAIDs interfere with the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids in vitro and in vivo, resulting in uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process. This usually results in diminished cellular ATP production. The recovery of gastric mucosal barrier function through maintenance of energy metabolism results in maintenance of ATP levels, as observed in this study upon treatment with PSE. Membrane integrity altered by peroxidation is known to have a modified fatty acid composition, a disruption of permeability, a decrease in electrical resistance, and increase in flip-flopping between monolayers and inactivated cross-linked proteins. The severe depletion of arachidonic acid in ulcer induced groups was prevented upon treatment with PSE. The acid inhibitory property of the herbal extract enables the maintenance of GL activity upon treatment with PSE. The ability to prevent membrane peroxidation has been traced to the presence of active constituents in the PSE. In essence, PSE has been found to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, provide mitochondrial cell integrity, through the maintenance of lipid bilayer by its ability to provide a hydrophobic character to the gastric mucosa, further indicating its ability to reverse the action of NSAIDs and mast cell degranulators in gastric mucosa.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Lípidos de la Membrana/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/fisiología , Pterocarpus , Úlcera/inducido químicamente , Animales , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/fisiopatología , Glutatión/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Fosforilación Oxidativa , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The methanol extract of the bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) (TAE) showed marked antiulcer and ulcer healing activity against 80% ethanol (ETH), diclofenac sodium (DIC) and dexamethasone (DEX) induced ulcer models dose dependently at doses of 100, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. Pre-, post and co-administration of TAE offered 100% protection to the gastric mucosa against ETH, DIC and DEX induced ulcers as observed from the ulcer score. Gastric mucosal analysis of DEX induced rats were associated with changes in the levels of protein, protein bound carbohydrate complexes, lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared with control rats. Co-administration with TAE in DEX rats (DEX + TAE) favorably altered the levels of LPO, GSH and also the activities of SOD and CAT in gastric mucosa, whereas the activities of GPx remained unaltered in all groups. In DEX + TAE rats, the levels of protein and protein bound carbohydrate complexes were increased when compared with DEX rats. The results indicate that the gastroprotective effect of TAE is probably related to its ability to maintain the membrane integrity by its antilipid peroxidative activity that protects the gastric mucosa against oxidative damage and its ability to strengthen the mucosal barrier, the first line of defense against exogenous and endogenous ulcerogenic agents.
Asunto(s)
Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Úlcera Gástrica/prevención & control , Terminalia/química , Animales , Dexametasona/toxicidad , Diclofenaco/toxicidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanol/toxicidad , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/química , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Masculino , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ranitidina/uso terapéutico , RatasRESUMEN
The anti-H. pylori activity of Pterocarpus santalinus (PS), a traditional herb, has been assessed and compared with that of bismuth subcitrate, through in vitro studies employing rat gastric epithelial cell cultures and H. pylori isolates from gastric mucosal biopsy patients. The MIC of PS was found to be 20 microg/mL. H. pylori was co-cultivated with rat gastric epithelial cells in the presence/absence of PS at its MIC. A reduction in the activity of urease, a normal appearance of the epithelial cells on electron microscopic examination, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase suggests the possible anti-H. pylori activity of PS.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Pterocarpus/química , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Células Epiteliales/ultraestructura , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Mucosa Gástrica/ultraestructura , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Microvellosidades/ultraestructura , RatasRESUMEN
The efficacy of mangiferin, on metabolism of lipids was tested in experimental cardiotoxic rats. The cardiotoxicity was induced by myocardial infarction through subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol hydrochloride for 2 days using 0.1 ml saline. Mangiferin drug was given as pretreatment for 28 days through intraperitonial administration using 0.2 ml dimethyl sulphoxide. Mangiferin significantly reduced the cholesterol, triglycerol, free fatty acids levels in serum and heart of the cardiotoxic myocardial infarcted rats. Mangiferin also increased the level of heart tissue phospholipids significantly in isoproterenol induced cardio toxic rats. The experiment thus concludes that mangiferin possess cardioprotective and hypolipidemic effect on experimentally induced cardiotoxic myocardial infarcted rats.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/toxicidad , Cardiotónicos , Cardiopatías/inducido químicamente , Cardiopatías/metabolismo , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Hipolipemiantes , Isoproterenol/toxicidad , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Lípidos/sangre , Miocardio/metabolismo , Xantonas/farmacología , Animales , Colesterol/sangre , Colesterol/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Xantonas/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the protective effect of fish oil treatment on the fatty acid composition in isoproterenol (IPH)-induced myocardial infarction was studied in male albino Wistar rats. METHODS: Rats were injected for 2 consecutive days with IPH (60 mg/kg body weight) at 24-h intervals to induce myocardial infarction. Fish oil was administered orally at a dose of 0.05 mL/d for 45 d, after which serum and heart tissue were assayed for lipid profile, lipoprotein changes, and myocardial membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition. RESULTS: Biochemical assessment of myocardial infarction was done by measuring the activities of creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, which were significantly elevated in the rats administered with IPH. Further, the administration of IPH modified the fatty acid composition and analysis of fatty acids showed there was an increase in the omega-3/omega-6 ratio in phospholipid pool. In addition, increased levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, ester cholesterol, phospholipids, triacylglycerols and free fatty acid was observed in serum and heart tissue of IPH-induced rats. The fish oil treatment for a period of 45 d decreased the levels of cardiac markers (creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and reversed the biochemical lesions induced by IPH. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that fish oil treatment has a hypolipidemic effect and has potential use in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Asunto(s)
Aceites de Pescado , Lípidos/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Miocardio/metabolismo , Fosfolípidos/química , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Creatina Quinasa/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Isoproterenol , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Infarto del Miocardio/enzimología , Miocardio/enzimología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Most of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin cause gastric ulcer. In order to study the gastroprotective effect of Cissus quadrangularis extract (CQE), this study was undertaken on aspirin-induced ulcerogenesis in pyloric ligated (ASP-PL) model in rats. METHODS: To assess the possible antiulcer effect of CQE, lesion index, gastric secretions glycoprotein levels, non-protein sulphydryls (NPSH) and adherent mucus content were determined in ASP-PL induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. RESULTS: Pretreatment with CQE significantly prevented the gastric mucosal lesion development and decreased the gastric toxicity produced by ulcerogen. In addition, ulcerated rats showed depletion of gastric wall mucus, glycoproteins and NPSH levels whereas treatment with CQE reverted this decline in ASP-PL induced rats. Histological studies confirmed the results. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The present finding suggests that CQE promotes ulcer protection by the decrease in ulcer index, gastric secretions and increase in the glycoprotein level, gastric mucin content and NPSH concentration. CQE may protect the gastric mucosa against ulceration by its antisecretory and cytoprotective property.
Asunto(s)
Cissus/química , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Jugo Gástrico/química , Glicoproteínas/análisis , Pruebas Hematológicas , Masculino , Oxidorreductasas/análisis , RatasRESUMEN
Mangiferin, from the leaves of Mangifera indica Linn., has been suggested as useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. In the present study this drug was examined on the alteration of cardiac energy metabolism in isoproterenol (ISPH) administered myocardial infarcted rats. ISPH (20 mg/kg b.w.), which was administered s.c. twice at an interval of 24 h, caused a significant decrease in the activities of TCA cycle enzymes and antioxidant defense enzymes with a concomitant increase in the lipid peroxidation of heart mitochondria in rat model. The ATP production and the oxidation of succinate in State 3 and 4 decreased significantly in the cardiac mitochondria of ISPH administered rats. These functional alterations were supported by severe modifications in mitochondrial ultrastructure. Pretreatment with mangiferin (100 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) for 28 days prevented these mitochondrial alterations, oxidation with energy metabolism and restored the TCA cycle enzyme activities to near normal values following ISPH administration. The structural integrity of the heart was protected by mangiferin in ISPH administered rats when compared to the untreated controls. The present findings suggest that the protective effect of mangiferin can be attributed to its reducing effect on oxidative damage and activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. These results could be useful to study and understand the cellular events involved in this cardioprotective mechanism of mangiferin. Our studies of mangiferin on heart failure may have important implication for future therapeutic approaches involving in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Metabolismo Energético , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/efectos de los fármacos , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Xantonas/farmacología , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glutatión , Isoproterenol , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/enzimología , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/ultraestructura , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Infarto del Miocardio/enzimología , NAD/metabolismo , NADH Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Succinato Deshidrogenasa , Ácido Succínico/metabolismoRESUMEN
The effect of fish oil treatment on the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, and glutathione, as well as the level of the lipid peroxidation marker thiobarbituric reactive substance was studied in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). To confirm the induction of MI by isoproterenol, we studied the activities of cardiac marker enzymes like creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and the level of troponin. The biochemical lesions due to the activation of lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant status are significantly implicated in experimental isoproterenol-induced MI. The results indicate that the protective effect of fish oil is achieved by decreasing the peroxide concentration and normalizing antioxidant defense enzymes.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Ceruloplasmina/análisis , Ceruloplasmina/metabolismo , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Creatina Quinasa/metabolismo , ADN/análisis , Glutatión/análisis , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Hierro/análisis , Hierro/sangre , Hierro/metabolismo , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Peróxidos Lipídicos/análisis , Peróxidos Lipídicos/sangre , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Infarto del Miocardio/enzimología , Miocardio/química , Miocardio/enzimología , Miocardio/patología , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas/análisis , ARN/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Troponina T/sangreRESUMEN
The current study dealt with the protective role of mangiferin, a polyphenol from Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae), on isoproterenol (ISPH)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats through its antioxidative mechanism. Subcutaneous injection of ISPH (200 mg/kg body weight in 1 ml saline) to rats for 2 consecutive days caused myocardial damage in rat heart, which was determined by the increased activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), increased uric acid level and reduced plasma iron binding capacity. The protective role of mangiferin was analyzed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test used for macroscopic enzyme mapping assay of the ischemic myocardium. The heart tissue antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase activities, non-enzymic antioxidants such as cerruloplasmin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and glutathione levels were altered in MI rats. Upon pretreatment with mangiferin (100 mg/kg body weight suspended in 2 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide) given intraperitoneally for 28 days to MI rats protected the above-mentioned parameters to fall from the normal levels. Activities of heart tissue enzymic antioxidants and serum non-enzymic antioxidants levels rose significantly upon mangiferin administration as compared to ISPH-induced MI rats. From the present study it is concluded that mangiferin exerts a beneficial effect against ISPH-induced MI due to its antioxidant potential, which regulated the tissues defense system against cardiac damage.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Isoproterenol/efectos adversos , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Xantonas/farmacología , Animales , Forma MB de la Creatina-Quinasa/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Isoproterenol (ISPH) induced myocardial infarction was confirmed by disturbances in serum and heart tissue marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phospho kinase (CPK), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), increased level of lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in the heart of ISPH administered rats. Pretreatment with mangiferin (10 mg/100 g body weight) for 28 days was found to ameliorate the effect of ISPH-induced pathological changes, reduced the lipid peroxide formation and retained the myocardial marker enzyme activities at near normal level. The above results indicate the cardioprotective effect of mangiferin against ISPH-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
Asunto(s)
Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Xantonas/farmacología , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Cigarette smoking is associated with the development of several diseases and antioxidants play a major role in the prevention of smoking-related diseases. Apoptosis is suggested as a possible contributing factor in the pathogenesis of smoking-induced toxicity. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the influence of chronic cigarette smoke exposure on apoptosis and the modulatory effect of bacoside A (triterpenoid saponin isolated from the plant Bacopa monniera) on smoking-induced apoptosis in rat brain. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed to cigarette smoke and simultaneously administered with bacoside A (10 mg/kg b.w./day, orally) for a period of 12 weeks. Expression of brain hsp70 was analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was identified by DNA fragmentation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that exposure to cigarette smoke induced hsp70 expression and apoptosis as characterized by DNA laddering, increased TUNEL-positive cells and ultrastructural apoptotic features in the brain. Administration of bacoside A prevented expression of hsp70 and neuronal apoptosis during cigarette smoking. We speculate that apoptosis may be responsible for the smoking-induced brain damage and bacoside A can protect the brain from the toxic effects of cigarette smoking.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/efectos de los fármacos , Degeneración Nerviosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Nicotiana/toxicidad , Saponinas/farmacología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Triterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Daño Encefálico Crónico/inducido químicamente , Daño Encefálico Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño Encefálico Crónico/prevención & control , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentación del ADN/fisiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Radicales Libres/antagonistas & inhibidores , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Degeneración Nerviosa/inducido químicamente , Degeneración Nerviosa/prevención & control , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/prevención & control , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ratas , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil (FO), rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3 n-3) on growth parameters and lipid metabolism of rats fed with high fat diet. High fat diet (HFD) resulted in significant alterations in hepatic lipids, increase in body weight gain and negative effect on lipoprotein metabolism. FO supplementation significantly lowered the increase in body weight gain, liver weight, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratio in HFD fed rats. FO significantly reduced the hepatic and plasma lipid levels indicating its hypolipidemic activity. On the other hand, oral administration of FO exhibited lower plasma lipoprotein profile as compared to HFD rats. Hepatic protection by FO is further substantiated by the normal liver histological findings in HFD fed rats. These data suggest that FO participate in the normal regulation of plasma lipid concentration and cholesterol metabolism in liver. No adverse effect of FO on growth parameters and plasma lipids in rats fed with fat-free diet. The results of the present study demonstrate that FO may be developed as a useful therapy for hyperlipidemia through reducing hepatic lipids, thereby proving its hypolipidemic activity.