RESUMEN
This Phase III randomized trial examined efficacy and safety of a novel once-daily extended-release tacrolimus formulation (LCP-Tacro [LCPT]) versus twice-daily tacrolimus in de novo kidney transplantation. Primary efficacy end point was proportion of patients with treatment failure (death, graft failure, biopsy-proven acute rejection or lost to follow-up) within 12 months. Starting doses were, LCPT: 0.17 mg/kg/day and tacrolimus twice-daily: 0.1 mg/kg/day; 543 patients were randomized, LCPT: n = 268; tacrolimus twice-daily: n = 275. At 12 months treatment failure was LCPT: 18.3% and tacrolimus twice-daily: 19.6%; the upper 95% CI of the treatment difference was +5.27%, below the predefined +10% noninferiority criteria. There were no significant differences in the incidence of individual efficacy events or adverse events. Target tacrolimus trough levels were more rapidly achieved in the LCPT group. Following initial dose, 36.6% of patients in the LCPT group had rapidly attained trough levels within 6-11 ng/mL versus 18.5% of tacrolimus twice-daily patients; majority of tacrolimus twice-daily patients (74.7%) had troughs <6 ng/mL compared with 33.5% in the LCPT group. Overall, cumulative study dose was 14% lower for LCPT. Results suggest that use of once-daily LCPT in de novo kidney transplantation is efficacious and safe. Lower LCPT dose reflects the improved absorption provided by the novel formulation.
Asunto(s)
Rechazo de Injerto/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Horses receiving a pelleted or cubed dietary supplementation with roughage, have serum inorganic phosphate (SIP) concentrations consistently below an accepted mean of 1,032 mmol l-1 or 3, 1 mg dl-1. Further, it has been reported that the best eight, two-year-old Irish Thoroughbred track performers of 51 horses tested over a 10 month period, had significantly lower SIP concentrations than the worst eight track performers. In an endeavour to assess any nutritive effect on SIP concentrations and also to assess any effect of SIP concentrations on track performance, metabolic blood profiles from 303 horses in training at the Summerveld Training centre in Natal, were evaluated for various blood parameters over a two year period. Of these 303 profiles, 264 were analysed for SIP concentrations. These horses were on three known feeding regimes viz. Feed 1--cube feeding plus hay; Feed 2--oats, wheaten bran and greens plus hay; Feed 3--Mixed feeding regime of feeds 1 and 2; Feed 4--unknown regime. Dry matter intake varied between 2 and 2.5% of estimated bodymass and in the Feed 1 regime, the proportion of cubed supplement in the diet was increased from 30 to 70% as the training programme progressed. Statistical analysis of SIP concentrations showed that horses on the Feed 1 regime had significantly lower SIP concentrations than horses on the other feed regimes. Of the 303 profiles, 224 could be identified with actual races.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/normas , Caballos/sangre , Fosfatos/sangre , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
Weekly blood serum samples from 20 yearling horses, divided into equal groups, receiving diets with total calcium to inorganic phosphorus ratios of 1,5/1 and 0,2/1, were analysed for calcium and phosphorus concentrations. This was done over a continuous 23 week period, divided into 2 sub-periods of 16 and 7 weeks each. During the first period complete diets were provided ad lib but were restricted during the second period to accentuate any effects of calcium deficiency and phosphorus excess. Falling calcium levels and rising phosphorus levels during period 1 and a reverse trend during period 2 indicated that this method can be used to detect progressive nutritional hyperparathyroidism in individual horses when a series of profiles are analysed over a period of time.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Hiperparatiroidismo/veterinaria , Fósforo/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Caballos , Hiperparatiroidismo/sangre , Hiperparatiroidismo/etiologíaRESUMEN
Serum levels of cortisol, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, phosphorus, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, iron, total magnesium, total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were determined in 11 short Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra.
Asunto(s)
Electrólitos/sangre , Perisodáctilos/sangre , Animales , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Masculino , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, iron, total magnesium, total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate transaminase, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and plasma glucose were determined in 49 ostriches (Struthio camelus) kept under semi-extensive conditions.