RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: In locations with poor public dermatology services, teledermatology emerges as a viable way to fill this need. Thus, the aim was to estimate how much could be saved with the use of teledermatology in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2015 to 2018. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study of the analytical type with a cross-sectional design and collection of secondary data in electronic media. METHODS: A total of 95,828 teledermatology test protocols from the period were evaluated. The amount that would be necessary to refer all the patients of the several regions of the state for evaluation by General Dermatology (secondary network) was estimated, as it occurred before the deployment of teledermatology, considering the cost of displacement, consultation with a specialist, cost aid and opportunity cost of patients and companions. This amount was compared with the amount effectively spent on the screening deployment via teledermatology. RESULTS: There was a minimum savings of $1,170,550.82 during the period, with an average cost savings of $21.94 per protocol not forwarded to the secondary network. The greater the distance and time spent to evaluate the patient by a specialist, the greater the savings. CONCLUSIONS: Teledermatology provides savings in public resources, reduces the number of patient referrals, and improves the dermatological assistance provided to the population of Santa Catarina. This is a relevant and efficient health technology.
Asunto(s)
Dermatología , Telemedicina , Brasil , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Derivación y ConsultaRESUMEN
Pseudomonas syringae is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes lesions in leaves during the colonisation process. The damage is associated with production of many virulence factors, such as biofilm and phytotoxins. The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) have been demonstrated to inhibit P. syringae. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare essential oils on production of virulence factors of phytopathogenic P. syringae strains, including anti-biofilm and anti-toxins activities. The broth microdilution method was used for determination of MIC and biofilm inhibition assays. Coronatine, syringomycin and tabtoxin were pheno- and genotypically evaluated. Both oils showed good inhibitory activity against P. syringae, with MIC values from 1.43 to 11.5 mg·ml-1 for thyme and 5.8 to 11.6 mg·ml-1 for oregano. Biofilm formation, production of coronatine, syringomycin and tabtoxin were inhibited by thyme and oregano essential oil in most strains. The results presented here are promising, demonstrating the bactericidal activity and reduction of virulence factor production after treatment with thyme and oregano oil, providing insight into how they exert their antibacterial activity. These natural products could be considered in the future for the control of diseases caused by P. syringae.
Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Origanum/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Pseudomonas syringae/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas syringae/metabolismo , Thymus (Planta)/química , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Dipéptidos/metabolismo , Indenos/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) on phytopathogenic Pseudomonas species isolated from soybean. Strains with characteristics of P. syringae were isolated from leaves of soybean plants with blight symptoms. Ten of these could be identified in Group Ia of LOPAT as P. syringae. Six of these were confirmed as P. syringae using 16S rRNA, indicating the presence of these phytopathogenic bacteria in east and central Argentina. All the phytopathogenic bacteria were re-isolated and identified from the infected plants. MIC values for thyme were 11.5 and 5.7 mg·ml(-1) on P. syringae strains, while oregano showed variability in the inhibitory activity. Both essential oils inhibited all P. syringae strains, with better inhibitory activity than the antibiotic streptomycin. The oils were not bactericidal for all pseudomonads. Both oils contained high carvacrol (29.5% and 19.7%, respectively) and low thymol (1.5%). Natural products obtained from aromatic plants represent potential sources of molecules with biological activity that could be used as new alternatives for the treatment of phytopathogenic bacteria infections.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Glycine max/microbiología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Origanum/química , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Pseudomonas syringae/efectos de los fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/química , Antiinfecciosos/análisis , Argentina , Secuencia de Bases , Cimenos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Monoterpenos/análisis , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Pseudomonas syringae/genética , Pseudomonas syringae/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Bacteriano/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 16S/análisis , Timol/análisis , Timol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate the antifungal activity and to analyse the structure-activity relationship of eleven natural phenolic compounds against four Candida species which are resistant to fluconazole. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four different species of Candida isolates were used: Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis. The phenolic compound carvacrol showed the highest anti-Candida bioactivity, followed by thymol and isoeugenol. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained were used in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis where the electronic, steric, thermodynamic and topological descriptors served as dependent variables. According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the antifungal activity of phenols has a first action specific character which is based on their interaction with plasma or mitochondrial membranes. The second action is based on a steric descriptor-the maximal and minimal projection of the area-which could explain the inability of some phenolic compounds to be biotransformed to quinones methylene by Candida species. CONCLUSIONS: According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the anti-Candida activity of ortho-substituted phenols is due to more than one action mechanism. The anti-Candida activity of phenolic compounds can be predicted by their molecular properties and structural characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results could be employed to predict the anti-Candida activity of new phenolic compounds in the search for new alternatives or complementary therapies to combat against candidiasis.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacología , Fenoles/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Cimenos , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Eugenol/farmacología , Humanos , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Timol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Achyrocline satureioides (LAM.) DC (Compositae) is a sub-bush original from America and distributed in Europe and Africa. It is mainly used in infusions, as digestive, sedative among others and has antimicrobial and antiviral properties. A research was made into the anti-microbial activity of the A. satureioides decoction on the Staphylococcus spp strains. They were isolated from 18 patients with acne lesions and from 7 patients infected with Staphylococcus spp. (5 strains were taken from catheters and 2 from wounds). The strains were classified through biochemical tests and then were seeded in triptein-soy agar with or without decoction to observe the antibacterial activity. On the other hand, cultures of lymphocytes were made from those patients who displayed infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. and from 12 control non-infected individuals. The lymphocytes were stimulated with decoction or PHA-M. Among the expanded, CD8+ T cells, with anti-human CD8 monoclonal antibody were the outstanding ones by indirect IF. The A. satureiodes decoction inhibited 95% of the isolated Staphylococcus spp. strains and stimulated the lymphocyte expansion, of which 40% were CD8+ T cells. The A. satureiodes decoction showed anti-microbial activity and resulted to be an immunostimulating agent on CD8+ T cells, with lesser mitogenic effects than PHA-M.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Acné Vulgar/microbiología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Cateterismo , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Fitohemaglutininas/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Infección de Heridas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling is a South American traditional medicinal herb used as digestive, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory and bronchial dilator agent among other uses. Its anti-microbial activity against staphylococcal strains and its anti-viral properties against HVS-1 and strain RC/79 of PrV have been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunomodulating ability of M. verticillata decoction and essential oil. As a complementary study, the main constituents of the essential oil were identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocyte-proliferating activity of both vegetal derivatives was tested and compared with cellular expansion induced by PHA, Pokeweed, CGB in cytomorphological study. A non-stimulate culture was used as control reference. The score of lymphocyte clusters and colonies was performed using the method described by Lange. Among proliferated cells, LT CD8+ subpopulation was characterized by direct immunofluorescence. The in vitro degranulant ability of the vegetal fractions was tested on basophils from allergic and non-allergic individuals sensitized to environmental fungi. Essential oil components of M. verticillata were identified by gas chromatography technique. RESULTS: M. verticillata derivatives reached higher proliferation levels compared to non-stimulated cultures, showed mitogenic activity and induced cluster and colony formation similar to PHA, Pokeweed and CGB. Cells that proliferated after stimulation with derivatives showed 40% of LT CD8+. Tested concentrations of decoction and essential oil did not reach minimum degranulation indexes over basophils, from both allergic and non-allergic individuals. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of pulegone and menthone as the main constituents. CONCLUSIONS: M. verticillata derivatives were mitogenic over LT, inducing significant cluster and colony formation. There was no evidence of degranulating ability over basophils at the concentrations tested. We assume that the derivatives from M. verticillata would induce Th1 deviation in cellular cultures from allergic patients, which would diminish hypersensitivity reactions. Some of the compounds of the essential oil revealed by gas chromatography analysis may be responsible of the biological activity of these products.
Asunto(s)
Basófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Lamiaceae/química , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Prueba de Desgranulación de los Basófilos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Preescolar , Cromatografía de Gases , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Lactante , Lectinas/farmacología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Aceites de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Tallos de la Planta/química , América del Sur , AguaRESUMEN
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56%) and menthone (39.51%) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Suido 1/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Simplexvirus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus cereus/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Suido 1/fisiología , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Mentol/aislamiento & purificación , Mentol/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites de Plantas/química , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Simplexvirus/fisiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Terpenos/farmacología , Ensayo de Placa Viral , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antivirales , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Suido 1 , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales , Simplexvirus , Bacillus cereus , Cromatografía de Gases , Escherichia coli , Herpesvirus Suido 1 , Mentol , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites de Plantas/química , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Simplexvirus , Staphylococcus aureus , Terpenos , Ensayo de Placa ViralRESUMEN
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Suido 1/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Simplexvirus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus cereus/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Suido 1/fisiología , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Mentol/aislamiento & purificación , Mentol/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ensayo de Placa Viral , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Simplexvirus/fisiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Terpenos/farmacología , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Baccharis notosergila was examined by GC and GC-MS. Thirty-one constituents were identified representing 96.4% and alpha-pinene, limonene, beta-caryophyllene, and spathulenol were found to be the major components. Furthermore, the oil was tested against eight gram-positive and -negative bacteria and it was found that they exhibited moderate antibacterial activity.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Antibacterianos , Cromatografía de Gases , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The effect produced on Vero cell monolayers by toxins derived from Staphylococcus strains was characterized. 210 milk samples taken from dairy cows suffering from sub-clinical mastitis were analyzed. Strains belonging to the Staphylococcus genus were isolated from 73 of these milk samples. The production of toxins was then stimulated from these strains when they were cultured in Dolman's medium. The study of cell cultures showed that 53 toxin samples induced marked and irreversible cellular changes. This is compared to 42 samples (57.5%) which were strongly cytotoxic. The remaining 11 samples were shown to be slowly cytotoxic. 16% of the total toxins did not induce cell damage and 11% of the toxins produced cellular damage that was reversible in less than 24 hrs, and were designated as cytotonic. Haemolytic actively in vitro, using sheep red blood cells, was assessed using toxins that caused alteration in the monolayers. The results indicate that 46.51% of the toxins showed beta haemolytic activity, 2.32% alpha haemolytic activity, and 51.16% showed neither alpha nor beta haemolytic activity. The later type of activity did however cause damage to cultured cells, which suggests that the causative agent could be delta toxin. This study reveals a strong predominance of beta haemolytic strains in the dairy farm studied. These strains induced in vitro cell damage, and it is possible to speculate that mammary gland tissue damage is similarly produced, which may be attributed to both beta and/or delta haemolytic toxins.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/farmacología , Leche/química , Staphylococcus/metabolismo , Células Vero/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/farmacología , Toxinas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Femenino , Proteínas Hemolisinas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Hemolisinas/farmacología , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Mastitis Bovina/metabolismo , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Leche/microbiología , Ovinos , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/aislamiento & purificación , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/farmacología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/metabolismo , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56
) and menthone (39.51
) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
RESUMEN
Many efforts have been done in order to identify species of Gram positive and catalase positive coccus isolated from raw milk. The aim of this epidemiological observation, was to identify different strains isolated from raw milk according to conventional criteria and to recommend a useful and practical methodology for their correct identification. Gram positive and catalase positive coccus were tested for bacitracin resistance, novobiocin susceptibility, coagulase and others tests (e.g. carbohydrate fermentation). Dichotomic keys were designed to typify Staphylococcus' species. They were grouped into: Group I, coagulase positive, novobiocin susceptibility; Group II coagulase negative novobyocin resistance; and Group III coagulase negative novobiocin susceptibility. 62 strains were tested and S. hycus (17.7%) was the most isolated species, S. aureus (14.5%), S. sciuri (12.9%) and S. haemolyticus (11.3%) were also isolated. S. epidermidis was not isolated.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/microbiología , Contaminación de Alimentos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Leche/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus/clasificación , Animales , Bacitracina/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/análisis , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Coagulasa/análisis , Productos Lácteos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Femenino , Fermentación , Novobiocina/farmacología , Especificidad de la Especie , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Until the last several years liver transplantation was considered an experimental treatment procedure. Nowadays virtually any disease process, that is in terminal stage, is treatable with transplantation. The introduction of cyclosporine in 1980 and the recent use of OKT3 monoclonal antibody now allows a 5-year survival rate of 60-70%. The causes of early death of patients who survive after surgery are infective complications, multiorgan failure and acute rejection of the allograft. In the literature and in our experience, bacterial sepsis is the most common cause of deaths occurring during the first postoperative months while most deaths after one year are generally related to chronic rejection of the allograft. The risk of infection is also increased by the over-immunosuppression of these patients always treated with a high dose of immunosuppressive agents when evidence of acute graft rejection is found. Regarding these problems, patients being prepared for liver transplantation should be evaluated for their dental health. The medical indications of 80 transplant recipients and the current status of liver transplantation are reviewed in this article. We describe the dental status of these patients that should receive indicated dental care before surgery. Most patients (90%) were affected by chronic active hepatitis while the number of primitive cirrhosis was significantly lower. Very poor dental hygiene was found in 85% of patients while 45% were affected by advanced periodontal disease and 12% by a chronic gingivitis. Dental caries were observed in 67% while in 20% of cases endodontic periapical lesions were found and only 2% of these resulted as radicular cysts. Indicated dental care consisted in 87% of cases in dental hygiene instructions, in 85% in scaling and root planing, in 63% in conservative restorations and in 40% in endodontic treatments. Dental treatment guidelines before transplantation are described with particular attention to prevent risk of infection using antibiotic prophylaxis for invasive dental procedures. Dentists, after surgery must be also prepared to deal with excessive bleeding related to a severe liver disfunction; for this purpose an appropriate protocol is also described. The monitoring of oral and general health conditions and the achievement of specific protocols of prophylaxis are helpful in the prevention of complications and are fundamental to obtain the best results with liver transplantation improving the quality of life of these patients.