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Background: Facial feminization involves a broad array of procedures tailored to transgender women, with lip feminization emerging as a crucial element because of its significant impact on gender expression. Despite its importance, there is a dearth of studies singularly dedicated to lip feminization within this demographic. Objectives: This review aimed to consolidate knowledge on various techniques (surgical and nonsurgical), outcomes, and patient satisfaction related to lip feminization, thereby highlighting its integral role in facial feminization and its significance in affirming transgender women's identity. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, MedLine, and Embase databases was conducted, focusing on studies published up to April 18, 2024. Inclusion criteria were centered on articles addressing the techniques and outcomes of lip feminization. A rigorous screening process was applied to identify relevant literature, which was then reviewed for data extraction on techniques, outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction. Results: Among the initial 28 publications, 21 articles remained. These studies provided insights into surgical and nonsurgical techniques for lip feminization and reported high-satisfaction rates within a broader scope of facial feminization surgeries. Notably, specific data on lip feminization were sparse and often extrapolated either from broader facial feminization research or studies on cisgender populations. Conclusion: This review established that lip feminization is a crucial but under researched aspect of gender-affirming care. Recognizing the high-satisfaction rates reported for facial feminization, this study advocated for detailed, procedure-specific research to optimize outcomes for transgender women seeking lip feminization.

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Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare cardiac condition occurring in about 0.09% of the general population, with potential for grave complications. Unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms of all three sinuses in the same patient are even more rare. There are congenital, inherited, or acquired causes. Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging modalities, consisting of color Doppler echocardiography, cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), make the diagnosis. Treatment is mainly by open surgical reconstruction. However, transcatheter techniques are gaining popularity with noninferior outcomes in selected cases. We report the diagnosis and successful management of a patient with an unusual presentation of multiple unruptured SVAs of all three sinuses, and we conducted a review of the English medical literature.

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OBJECTIVE: Most diagnostic imaging centers ask patients to fast for 4-6 hours before contrast-enhanced CT. Previous studies have shown that prolonged fasting can be harmful. In addition, manufacturers of contrast agents claim that there is no special preparation needed before examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preparative fasting on contrast-enhanced CT at a cancer center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Outpatients (n = 3206) were prospectively evaluated and randomly assigned to two groups: the 1619 patients in group 1 fasted for at least 4 hours before the examination, whereas the 1587 patients in group 2 received a light meal. Adverse symptoms observed before and after contrast agent administration were compared between groups. RESULTS: Adverse symptoms occurring after IV contrast agent administration were reported by 45 patients (1.5%) in group 1 and 30 patients (0.9%) in group 2. The most common symptoms were nausea (n = 32), weakness (n = 12), and vomiting (n = 5). The frequency of symptoms did not differ statistically significantly between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this sample of patients with cancer undergoing contrast-enhanced CT, very few adverse symptoms were reported regardless of preparative fasting. These results support the idea that preparation for contrast-enhanced CT can be simplified, decreasing the discomfort and inconvenience experienced by patients.

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Soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1; Triggering receptor expressed on myelocytes) is a new inflammatory marker indicating the intensity of myeloid cells activation and the presence of infection caused by extracellular bacteria and mould.The aim of our work was to detect and compare the levels of sTREM-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) and other ILD of non-infectious origin. The sTREM-1 levels were assessed by ELISA in 46 patients suffering from ILD, out of them 22 with PS. The levels of BALF sTREM-1 in PS patients were higher than in control group of ILD patients of non-infectious origin, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Since all PS patients except one were non-smokers we compared non-smokers PS with non-smokers ILD patients and found four times higher levels of BALF sTREM-1 in PS patients (P = 0.001). We also recorded the effect of smoking, ILD smokers had higher sTREM-1 levels than non-smokers (P = 0.0019). Higher concentrations of sTREM-1 were detected in BALF of patients with lymphadenopathy and with elevated inflammatory markers in BALF. Our results show that BALF sTREM-1 could be a good inflammatory marker and could help in diagnosis and PS monitoring. Detection of sTREM-1 in BALF indirectly points to myeloid cells activation in the lungs and helps to complete the information about the number of myeloid cells commonly determined in BALF with additional information concerning the intensity of their activation. This is the first study that analyses BALF sTREM-1 levels in patients with PS (Tab. 8, Ref. 28). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Tracheal stenosis is a serious, life-threatening disease with an increasing tendency. The number of complicated tracheal lesions, where resection and anastomosis can not be performed, still increases and the situation requires solution by endoprosthesis. Consequent the management of such complicated obstructive tracheal lesions is individual and time-consuming. The main objective of this study is to review the single institution experience with central airways stenosis treatment and to define the role of endotracheal stenting in tracheal reconstruction surgery. This study presents the retrospective analysis of tracheal stenosis reconstruction by means of our own modification of Montgomery T-tube. (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 12.)

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