RESUMEN
109 children at risk of tuberculosis frequently suffering from acute respiratory diseases (ARD) and 87 children with rare ARD have undergone a 3-month course of isoniazide chemoprophylaxis. In 95.0% of the examinees the above chemoprophylaxis lowered ARD morbidity to 1-2 times a year, reduced and stabilized tuberculin sensitivity, prevented tuberculosis. Isoniazide treatment of 87 children whose parents worked with cattle that might be infected prevented tuberculosis in them, diminished tuberculin sensitivity. It is thought valid that chemoprophylaxis should be given in sanatoria primarily to children exposed to two and more risk factors (epidemiological, age-sex, medicobiological, social).
Asunto(s)
Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Quimioprevención/métodos , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Morbilidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Prueba de Tuberculina , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The trends in tuberculin reactions of Mantoux test (2 TU) performed annually before and after the diagnosis of tuberculosis shows that the risk groups consist of subjects with increasing tuberculin sensitivity and those susceptible to acute respiratory virus infections. An individual approach to prescription of chemoprophylaxis considering the number of risk factors (epidemiological, age-sex, biomedical, social) is advisable. Sanatorium chemoprophylaxis is needed in the presence of at least 2 factors. A 3-month isoniazid chemoprophylaxis prevents the disease and normalizes sensitivity to tuberculin.
Asunto(s)
Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Prueba de Tuberculina , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnósticoRESUMEN
70 children aged 4-15 with growing tuberculin sensitivity received preventive treatment with isoniazid in children's sanatorium. The drug was taken for 2 or 3 months in a dose 10 mg/kg daily (19 and 51 children, respectively). Preventive isoniazid course proved effective as none of the children treated developed tuberculosis within 3 years. The 3-month course is preferable as it is more potent in relation to tuberculin sensitivity immediately after the treatment termination and 1, 2 years after it.
Asunto(s)
Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Prueba de Tuberculina , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Isoniazida/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Reasons for antituberculous BCG vaccination postponement in 1985 and those for BCG-M in 1986 and 1988 in 2 maternity homes of Moscow are analysed. All the newborns were divided into 3 groups each 3100 infants strong. A number of the postponed infants in every group for medical reasons appeared to be practically the same, i.e. in 1985-160 (5.16%), in 1986-172 (5.56%) and in 1988-180 (5.81%). After BCG-M vaccine which is less reactogenic, there was an increase in the number of infants with unduly indicated postponed vaccination (in 1985-28.1%, in 1986-44.6% and in 1988-41.7%). At the same time there was a decrease in the number of non-vaccinated infants since they were prematurely born, and as from 1986 the leading vaccination postponement reasons were nervous diseases which are not considered to be counterindications for antituberculous vaccination.
Asunto(s)
Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Enfermedades del Prematuro/prevención & control , Neonatología/tendencias , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/prevención & control , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Vacunación/tendencias , Vacuna BCG/efectos adversos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Prematuro/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
A comparative effectiveness of the newborn BCG- and BCG-M vaccination was analysed as to the indices of primary infection, morbidity and its structure. The rate of postvaccination complications in 1,645,360 children, aged under 3 years, and living in the areas with different epidemiological situations for tuberculosis was studied too. 2,142,292 and 799486 healthy newborns were BCG- and BCG-M-vaccinated, respectively. The studies were carried out in Moscow, Kiev, Vilnius++ and Tashkent. The obtained results indicate that the number of complications in the form of regional lymphadenitis induced by BCG-M vaccine is 5 times less frequent than those caused by BCG. Under favourable epidemiological conditions, the primary infection and morbidity are alike, while under unfavourable ones the former is higher, particularly in infants in their first year as compared to the BCG-vaccinated. On the basis of the available data BCG-M can be recommended for the vaccination of all the newborns living in the areas with a favourable epidemiological situation for tuberculosis, thus increasing the newborn vaccination coverage and bringing the morbidity down.