RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The paradigm is a vital concept steering the development of a scientific discipline. Paradigms that shape the education, research, and practice steps of a discipline are defined as metaparadigms. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of nursing students regarding metaparadigms in nursing at Akdeniz University in Antalya, Turkey. METHODS: This was designed as a descriptive phenomenological study, and data were collected from 13 fourth-year students who were chosen via a purposeful sampling method and interviewed face-to-face using a semistructured format. Data were analyzed using the data analysis steps of Giorgi, who is an expert in descriptive phenomenological studies. RESULTS: Most of the participants in this study associated nursing with humanism. Some of the participants stated that a fundamental building block of the nursing profession is conscience, whereas others stated that nursing is a way to touch people's lives and is now regarded as a professional practice. It has been reported that students have difficulties identifying metaparadigms in nursing and that they believe that human beings have the potential to widen their horizons with wisdom and social skills. According to the participants, the health metaparadigm refers to the harmony between human beings and their environment and to the autonomy of the individual. Moreover, the participants emphasized the well-being of individuals. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The participants in this study characterized humans with well-being, transcendence, adaptation and interaction skills with their environment, and harmony beyond physiological mechanisms, which was considered to be promising for the perception of future nurses. It is recommended for nursing educators to enable their students to raise their professional awareness and to internalize professional values.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Teoría de Enfermería , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Bachillerato en Enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Investigación en Enfermería , Turquía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Culture is an important factor to determine fear of childbirth which is shaped by social learning processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of fear of childbirth among Turkish healthy pregnant women. Method: The researchers reviewed the eight databases considering inclusion criteria and 14 studies were included. The data analysis was conducted using meta-analysis. Results: Pregnant women experienced severe levels of fear, 67.26 ± 4.08, 95% confidence interval [59.26, 75.26], and 21 out of every 100 women experienced clinical level of fear. Between study variance was significant for parity (Qb = 6.40, p = .04) and region (Qb = 19.14, p = .00) moderators. Conclusions: The high level of FOC, particularly in the Eastern region, suggests that some of the cultural factors in the Eastern region in Turkey negatively affect the birth expectations. In a country like Turkey with a multicultural population, the health care professional should provide culturally sensitive care.
Asunto(s)
Parto Obstétrico/psicología , Miedo/psicología , Parto/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Autoeficacia , TurquíaRESUMEN
AIM: To detect the effect on maternal health of upright positions during the second stage of labour. BACKGROUND: Maternal position during labour has an important effect on maternal and foetal health. DESIGN: A meta-analysis was used based on the Cochrane Handbook. DATA SOURCES: Randomized/non-randomized clinical trials were searched with English and Turkish key words in databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science Direct, Springer Link, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations, Proquest, ULAKBIM (Turkish Academic Network and Information Center) and YÖK (Turkish Council of Higher Education) (1970-December 2015). REVIEW METHODS: According to inclusion criteria, eligible studies were identified. Data extraction was performed and the bias risks of the studies were assessed independently by two authors. The publication bias of the main outcomes was examined. The overall effect size was calculated by risk ratio with a random effects model. Statistical heterogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: The criteria for the meta-analysis were met by 22 articles. It was detected that the ratio of instrumental labour and episiotomy was lower but the haemorrhage ratio was higher in women. There was no statistical effect of upright position on the other maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The reductions in these ratios improved comfort. Due to methodological shortcomings of the studies, the increased ratio of postpartum haemorrhage should be interpreted with caution. Researchers are recommended to conduct studies rigorously. In addition, healthcare professionals are recommended to decide the appropriate birth position by considering the individual risk factors and preferences of the women.