RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space. It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological, ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders. Episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss, have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine the conditional probability, as well as the statistical dependency, through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. PATIENTS: Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011, diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo, hearing loss and dizziness. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients studied, 3 (16.66%) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence. In 9 patients (50%) empty sella was associated with vertigo, and 16 patients (88.88%) were diagnosed with hearing loss, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent (77.77%). The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated. Thus for sensorineural hearing loss, the calculated ratio was P(AB)=0.6912, and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of P(AB)=0.0493 in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated. In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Silla Turca Vacía/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva/epidemiología , Vértigo/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Aracnoides/patología , Teorema de Bayes , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Diplopía/epidemiología , Diplopía/etiología , Síndrome de Silla Turca Vacía/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/etiología , Femenino , Cefalea/epidemiología , Cefalea/etiología , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipopituitarismo/epidemiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Hipófisis/patología , MuestreoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Noise-induced hearing loss has increased due to factors such as industrialization. It is estimated that one third of the world's population suffers from some degree of hearing loss caused by exposure to high-intensity noise. Exposure to noise can cause disease of various ear structures, especially destruction of outer hair cells, causing varying degrees of hearing lossObjective: To describe the audiological findings in a group of subjects who were exposed to a source of fireworks explosion in the state of Tlaxcala Mexico. METHODOLOGY: We carried out an audiometric study in eight patients admitted to CENIAQ-INR who were exposed to a firecracker explosion. In each subject, airway with conventional pure tone audiometry from 125 to 8000 Hz was assessed using a clinical audiometer (model 622, Minimate, Madsen) Clinical case: Hearing loss at all frequencies was found in all eight patients, from mild to severe in both ears. Audiogram showed decreases from 4000 Hz, diagnosing third-degree acoustic trauma in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The main symptom was reported by patients with tinnitus. Other scenarios in which patients report the presence of tinnitus are acoustic trauma due to use of audio players in symphony orchestra musicians and detonating military firearms. Audiometric assessment is recommended after an explosive accident as an accurate method to determine if there is any hearing impairment.
Antecedentes: la pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido se ha incrementado debido a factores como la industrialización. Se estima que un tercio de la población mundial padece algún grado de hipoacusia causada por exposición a ruidos de alta intensidad. La exposición al ruido puede afectar diferentes estructuras del oído y destruir las células ciliadas externas, que provocan diferentes grados de hipoacusia. Objetivo: describir los hallazgos audiológicos encontrados en un grupo de personas expuestas a una fuente de explosión en el estado de Tlaxcala, México. Metodología: estudio transversal, descriptivo, con muestreo censal efectuado en ocho pacientes ingresados al Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, expuestos a una explosión de pólvora. En cada sujeto se evaluó la vía aérea con audiometría de tonos puros, convencional, de 125 a 8000 Hz. Se utilizó un audiómetro clínico marca Madson, modelo Midimate 622, de dos canales y audífonos THD 39. Casos clínicos: en los 8 pacientes se encontró hipoacusia en todas las frecuencias, de media a severa en ambos oídos. Las audiometrías tuvieron caídas a partir de los 4000 Hz, en todos los pacientes se diagnosticó trauma acústico de tercer grado. Conclusiones: el principal síntoma referido por los pacientes fue el acúfeno, otros estudios donde los pacientes refieren acúfeno son, en el trauma acústico por uso de reproductores de audio, en músicos de orquesta sinfónica y en militares por detonación de arma de fuego. Para determinar de manera certera si existe alguna disfunción auditiva posterior a un accidente explosivo se recomienda la valoración audiométrica.