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Overweight and obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide and Mexico City is no exception. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological panorama of overweight and obesity related to eating habits, physical activity and the concurrent presence of depression and anxiety in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 2710 adolescents from 33 participating high schools. Likewise, a previously validated eating habit and physical activity questionnaire was administered, which consisted of four different sections, where each of the sections focused on key aspects of the participants' lifestyle: (1) eating habits, (2) intake of non-recommended foods, (3) food and company environment, and (4) physical activity. Moreover, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression was applied. In this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (26.5% overweight and 20.0% obese) was found in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Only 13.14% of participants had adequate eating habits and 18.19% physical activity habits. An association was found between having inadequate eating habits and obesity in adolescent women (OR = 1.95; CI 1.009-3.76). Additionally, associations were observed between depression symptoms and obesity (OR = 5.68, CI 1.36-32.81; p = 0.01), while anxiety was associated with underweight and obesity adjusted by other dietary habits and psychological factors. Therefore, it is important to identify adolescents with overweight or obesity and establish prevention strategies for weight control in this age group, promoting healthy eating, physical activity and education in mental health.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por COVID-19 es un problema de salud mundial. Habitualmente cursa con sintomatología leve y 5% de los afectados evoluciona a cuadros graves que requieren de cuidados intensivos. OBJETIVO: Determinar el perfil clínico, la mortalidad y factores asociados a la misma en pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados al Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos, del Hospital de Clínicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay, entre agosto de 2020 a agosto de 2021. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transverso. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 214 pacientes críticos entre 21 y 85 años de edad (mediana 54 años), 57,9% del sexo masculino, 85% provenientes del Departamento Central y Asunción. La mortalidad global fue de 38,3%. Se asociaron significativamente con la mortalidad una edad ≥ 60 años, las comorbilidades (diabetes mellitus, cardiopatía, enfermedad renal crónica), los índices de gravedad (APACHE II, SOFA, inicial), procalcitonina elevada, utilización de vasopresor, asistencia respiratoria mecánica y utilización del decúbito prono; así como la presencia de SDRA y el requerimiento de depuración extrarenal. En el análisis multivariado (por regresión logística) los factores de riesgo de mortalidad independientes fueron: la edad mayor de 60 años, la utilización de noradrenalina y depuración extra-renal durante la hospitalización. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestra mortalidad es similar a la reportada internacionalmente. Los factores de riesgo de mortalidad identificados muestran una población con mayores posibilidades de un desenlace desfavorable.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is a world health issue. Generally, it is with mild and around 5% evolves to a severe disease that requires intensive care. AIM: To determine the clinical profile, mortality and associated factors in COVID-19 patients admitted at the Adult Intensive Care Department at the Hospital de Clinicas, between August 2020 and August 2021. METHODS: Cross-section observational analytic study. Data was obtained from clinical charts. RESULTS: 214 patients were included, with an average age of 54 years, 57.9% male. Overall mortality was 38.3%. Factors associated significantly with mortality were: ≥60 years of age, comorbidity (diabetes mellitus, heart disease, chronic renal disease), severity index (APACHE II, initial SOFA), high procalcitonin, use of vasopressor, mechanical respiratory assistance and prone decubitus; as well as the presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and hemodialysis. Multi varied analysis identified as mortality risk factors: ≥60 years of age, noradrenaline use and hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Mortality rate is similar to that reported worldwide. Mortality risk factors identified show a population with higher possibilities for unfavorable outcome.

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Background: Papillary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the epididymis. It may occur sporadically or in association with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD). Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis (PCE) is a benign mimic of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) given their histologic similarities. Case presentation: Herein, we present the case of a 40-year-old man with a four-year history of microhematuria and a recently detected right paratesticular mass. A testicular sonogram revealed a hypoechoic, hypervascular solid mass in the right epididymal head treated by surgical excision. Histopathological examination demonstrated a 1.1 cm papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. Genetic testing performed later showed no signs of VHLD. However, heterozygous mutations in three genes - CASR, POT1, and RAD51D - were found which have never been reported in PCE before. Conclusions: Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of epididymal lesions, especially those that are cystic. The mainstay of treatment remains surgical excision, which provides an excellent prognosis.

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ABSTRACT Background Papillary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the epididymis. It may occur sporadically or in association with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD). Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis (PCE) is a benign mimic of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) given their histologic similarities. Case presentation Herein, we present the case of a 40-year-old man with a four-year history of microhematuria and a recently detected right paratesticular mass. A testicular sonogram revealed a hypoechoic, hypervascular solid mass in the right epididymal head treated by surgical excision. Histopathological examination demonstrated a 1.1 cm papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. Genetic testing performed later showed no signs of VHLD. However, heterozygous mutations in three genes - CASR, POT1, and RAD51D - were found which have never been reported in PCE before. Conclusions Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of epididymal lesions, especially those that are cystic. The mainstay of treatment remains surgical excision, which provides an excellent prognosis.

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BACKGROUND: Predominantly intraosseous meningiomas are rare entities that include true primary intraosseous meningiomas (PIM), as well as meningiomas that may show extensive bone involvement, such as en plaque meningiomas. Different hypotheses have been proposed to decipher the origin of PIMs, such as ectopic arachnoid cap cell entrapment during birth or after trauma. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice of such lesions. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 65-year-old man with an enlarging mass in the parieto-occipital region that grew slowly and progressively over 13 years, following head trauma during a motor vehicle accident. One year prior to presentation, he started experiencing daily holocranial headaches and blurry vision. CT and MRI studies revealed a permeative midline calvarial lesion measuring 14 cm in greatest dimension with extensive periosteal reaction, extension into the subcutaneous soft tissues, subjacent dural thickening and intracranial extension with invasion of the superior sagittal sinus. The favored pre-operative clinical diagnosis was osteosarcoma. The abnormal calvarium was excised and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a predominantly intraosseous calvarial meningioma, WHO grade I. CONCLUSIONS: The present case highlights the importance of histopathologic diagnosis in guiding therapeutic decisions and reiterates the necessity of considering PIM or meningiomas with extensive intraosseous component in the differential diagnosis of calvarial masses, even when imaging suggests a neoplasm with aggressive behavior, such as osteosarcoma.

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Background Predominantly intraosseous meningiomas are rare entities that include true primary intraosseous meningiomas (PIM), as well as meningiomas that may show extensive bone involvement, such as en plaque meningiomas. Different hypotheses have been proposed to decipher the origin of PIMs, such as ectopic arachnoid cap cell entrapment during birth or after trauma. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice of such lesions. Case presentation We present a case of a 65-year-old man with an enlarging mass in the parieto-occipital region that grew slowly and progressively over 13 years, following head trauma during a motor vehicle accident. One year prior to presentation, he started experiencing daily holocranial headaches and blurry vision. CT and MRI studies revealed a permeative midline calvarial lesion measuring 14 cm in greatest dimension with extensive periosteal reaction, extension into the subcutaneous soft tissues, subjacent dural thickening and intracranial extension with invasion of the superior sagittal sinus. The favored pre-operative clinical diagnosis was osteosarcoma. The abnormal calvarium was excised and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a predominantly intraosseous calvarial meningioma, WHO grade I. Conclusions The present case highlights the importance of histopathologic diagnosis in guiding therapeutic decisions and reiterates the necessity of considering PIM or meningiomas with extensive intraosseous component in the differential diagnosis of calvarial masses, even when imaging suggests a neoplasm with aggressive behavior, such as osteosarcoma.

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Nanoparticles based on metal oxides serve as carrier matrices for molecules of biological interest. In this work, we used different copper complexes that were coupled to TiO2 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were prepared with the sol-gel method. The Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized through ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen physisorption analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Their biological activity was determined through DNA degradation and their cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells. The Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles presented a pore size between 2 and 6 nm, the size of nanoparticles agglomerates was between 100 and 500 nm. The nanoparticles of Cu/TiO2 degraded DNA starting at 15 min. The half maximal inhibitory concentration in HeLa cells depends on the used cooper complexes, the kinetics of cell death is of first order. Results revealed that these nanoparticles could be applied in uterine-cervical cancer treatment.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la expresión de diversos biomarcadores moleculares en liquen plano oral para ayudar a comprender su conducta biológica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio inmunohistoquímico en 40 casos de liquen plano oral contra BAX, BCL-2, CD-138, Histona 3, Ki-67, MCM3 y p53, en el Área de Patología Molecular Estomatológica de la Facultad de Odontología, UDELAR, Uruguay. Resultados: Se observó mayor expresión de BAX en contraposición con BCL-2, sugiriendo un comportamiento proapoptótico, respaldado a su vez por la ausencia de expresión de p53. La expresión de los marcadores de proliferación celular fue en todo el tejido lesional observado, sugiriendo así alteraciones de la proliferación. CD-138 se expresó de manera intensa y uniforme, determinando una baja alteración de las uniones intercelulares para estos casos. Conclusiones: La alteración en la expresión de las proteínas estudiadas sugiere un trastorno en los mecanismos proliferativos y apoptóticos, los cuales se asocian con una conducta patológica de la mucosa oral.

This study aims to establish an association of the expression of specific biomarkers in oral lichen planus to understandits biological behavior. Materials and methods: An immunohistochemistry study was conducted in 40 cases of oral lichen planus against BAX, BCL-2, CD138, Histone 3, Ki-67, MCM3 and p53 at the Molecular Pathology Area of the School of Dentistry, UDELAR, Uruguay. Results: A greater expression of BAX was detected compared to BCL-2, suggesting a pro-apoptotic behavior, supported by the absence of p53 expression. MCM3 expression was more sensitive than Ki-67, considering proliferation alterations. CD-138 had a more intense and uniform expression, determining fewer intercellular adhesion alterations. Conclusions: The expression of the proteins studied suggests an alteration in proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms, associated with a pathological behavior of the oral mucosa.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a expressão de vários biomarcadores moleculares no líquen plano oral para ajudar a compreender seu comportamento biológico. Materiais emétodos: Foi realizado um estudo imunohistoquímico em 40 casos de líquen plano oral contra BAX, BCL-2, CD-138, Histona 3, Ki-67, MCM3 e p53, na área de Patologia Molecular Estomatológica da Faculdade de Odontologia , UDELAR, Uruguai. Resultados: Observou-se aumento da expressão de BAX em contraste com BCL-2, sugerindo um comportamento proapoptótico, apoiado por sua vez pela ausência da expressão de p53. A expressão de marcadores de proliferação celular foi observada em todo o tecido da lesão, sugerindo alterações na proliferação. CD-138 foi expressado de maneira intensa e uniforme, determinando uma baixa alteração das junções intercelulares para esses casos. Conclusões: A alteração na expressão das proteínas estudadas sugere um distúrbio nos mecanismos proliferativos e apoptóticos, os quais estão associados a um comportamento patológico da mucosa oral.

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INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the consumption of milk and dairy products can play an important role in the maintenance of healthy body weight, since, under normal conditions of individuals, a negative association has been observed between daily intake of calcium contained in milk and dairy products and adiposity markers. Objective: to determine if the consumption of milk and dairy products affects the body weight reduction of adolescents in high school in Mexico City. Methods: community trial with 2,368 adolescents in three phases: description of the initial nutritional status, multidisciplinary educational intervention in the intervention group and evaluation of the changes observed. A food frequency and reminder questionnaire of 24 hours was applied to the participants, anthropometric measures were taken and the Who Anthro Plus® program was used to obtain the nutritional diagnosis. Results: it was found, in the intervention group, that adolescents who never consume whole milk, skimmed milk, fresh cow's cheese and natural yogurt have a higher prevalence of obesity (15.8%, 12.5%, 19.0% and 19.0%, respectively), compared to the adolescents who consume them daily (0.0%, 0.0%, 2.3% and 5.6%, respectively), there being a highly significant difference for the consumption of cheese fresh cow's milk and natural yogurt (p ≤ 0.01). It was possible to increase the frequency of dairy consumption and changes in nutritional status were observed in the intervention group, where the prevalence of obesity decreased from 13.8% to 6.1%. Conclusions: adolescents with higher milk consumption and its dairy products had a lower prevalence of obesity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el consumo de leche y productos lácteos puede jugar un papel importante en el mantenimiento del peso corporal saludable, ya que, en condiciones normales de los individuos, se ha observado una asociación negativa entre la ingesta diaria del calcio contenido en la leche y los productos lácteos con el incremento adipositario. Objetivo: determinar si el consumo de leche y productos lácteos repercute en la disminución del peso corporal de los adolescentes de escuelas secundarias de la Ciudad de México. Métodos: ensayo comunitario con 2.368 adolescentes en tres fases: descripción del estado de nutrición inicial, intervención educativa multidisciplinaria en el grupo intervención y evaluación de los cambios observados. Se aplicó a los participantes un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y recordatorio de 24 horas, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se utilizó el programa Who Anthro Plus® para obtener el diagnóstico nutricional. Resultados: se encontró, en el grupo de intervención, que los adolescentes que nunca consumen leche entera, leche descremada, queso fresco de vaca y yogur natural presentan mayor prevalencia de obesidad (15,8%, 12,5%, 19,0% y 19,0%, respectivamente), en comparación con los adolescentes que los consumen diariamente (0,0%, 0,0%, 2,3% y 5,6%, respectivamente), con una diferencia altamente significativa para el consumo de queso fresco de vaca y yogurt natural (p ≤ 0,01). Se logró aumentar la frecuencia de consumo de lácteos y se observaron cambios en el estado de nutrición en el grupo de intervención, donde la prevalencia de obesidad disminuyó del 13,8% al 6,1%. Conclusiones: los adolescentes con mayor consumo de leche y productos lácteos presentaron menor prevalencia de obesidad.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el ajuste marginal y la profundidad del surco gingival en dientes primarios restaurados con coronas de acero cromo. Métodos: Se midió la profundidad del surco gingival de 114 dientes primarios restaurados con coronas de acero cromo en 67 niños, ambos sexos, de 3 a 6 años de edad de la clínica de Estomatología Pediátrica de la UATx, México. La población en estudio fue dividida en tres grupos: a) experimental (n=30), b) control (n=8), y c) control negativo (n=29). Previo consentimiento informado se tomaron los índices de placa (LöeSilness 1967) e índice gingival en seis superficies; se midió el surco gingival con sonda periodontal y las coronas de acero cromo fueron evaluadas clínica y radiográficamente según su ajuste marginal y longitud cervical. Resultados: Los índices de placa y gingival no mostraron diferencias significativas para los grupos experimental y control negativo. El 34% de las coronas mostraron buen ajuste marginal, 33% un mal ajuste, 10.5% cortas, 7.9% largas y el 14% otro tipo de mal ajuste. La profundidad del surco gingival fue estadísticamente significativa para el primer y segundo molar inferior derechos y en los caninos inferiores (p >0.05); la superficie disto-vestibular presentó la mayor profundidad del surco gingival (2.34 mm), siendo estadísticamente significativa (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La profundidad del surco gingival fue mayor en los dientes rehabilitados con coronas de acero cromo mal ajustadas y sobre contorneadas (largas). La presencia de placa bacteriana y gingivitis estuvo relacionada con las coronas de acero cromo mal ajustadas.

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o ajuste marginal e a profundidade do sulco gengival em dentes decíduos restaurados com coroas de aço-cromo. Métodos: Mediu-se a profundidade do sulco gengival de 114 dentes decíduos restaurados com coroas de açocromo em 67 crianças, ambos sexos, de 3 a 6 anos de idade da clínica de Estomatología Pediátrica da UATx, México. A população em estudo foi dividida em três grupos: a) experimental (n=30), b) controle (n=8), e c) controle negativo (n=29). Após consentimento informado, avaliaram-se os índices de placa (Löe-Silness 1967) e índice gengival em seis superfícies; mediu-se o sulco gengival com sonda periodontal e as coroas de aço-cromo foram avaliadas clínica e radiograficamente, segundo ajuste marginal e comprimento cervical. Resultados: Os índices de placa e gengival não mostraram diferenças significativas para os grupos experimental e controle negativo. 34% das coroas mostraram ajuste marginal adequado, 33% ajuste cervical insatisfatório, 10.5% estavam curtas, 7.9% longas e o 14% outro tipo de desajuste. A profundidade do sulco gengival foi estatisticamente significativa para o primeiro e segundo molar inferior direitos e nos caninos inferiores (p>0.05); a superfície disto-vestibular apresentou a maior profundidade de sulco gingival (2,34mm), sendo estatisticamente significativa (p>0.05). Conclusões: A profundidade do sulco gengival foi maior nos dentes reabilitados com coroas de açocromo mau ajustadas e com sobrecontorno (longas). A presença de placa bacteriana e gingivite esteve relacionada com as coroas de aço-cromo mal ajustadas.

Purpose: To evaluate the relation between marginal adaptation and depth of gingival sulcus on primary teeth restored with stainless steel crowns. Methods: Depth of gingival sulcus was measured in 114 primary teeth restored with stainless steel crowns on 67 children, both sex, 3 to 6 years old in a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México. The children were divided in three groups: a) experimental (n=30), b) control (n=8) and c) negative control (n=29). Informed consent was obtained and plaque and gingival indexes (Löe and Silness 1967) were taken on six dental surfaces, depth of gingival sulcus was measured with a dental probe and stainless steel crowns were clinically and radiographically evaluated on its marginal adaptation and cervical length. Results: Plaque index and Gingival index were not statistically signifi for experimental and negative control groups. 34% of stainless steel crowns showed good marginal adaptation, 33% poor adaptation, 10.5% were short and 7.9% long, 14 % other kind of poor adaptation. Depth of Gingival sulcus was statistically signifi on lower right fi and second primary molars and for lower cuspids (p>0,05); disto-buccal surface showed the deepest measured of gingival sulcus (2.34 mm), wich was statistically signifi (p>0,05). Conclusions: Depth of gingival sulcus was greater on primary teeth restored with long stainless steel crowns and poor marginal adaptation. Plaque presence and gingivitis were related with poor adapted stainless steel crowns.

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Cysticercosis is a potentially fatal parasitic disease that rarely involves the oral region in humans. This study includes 21 lesions seen in 16 Latin American patients. There were 8 men and 8 women, with an age range from 6 to 67 years (mean 33.6 years). Most cases appeared as asymptomatic submucosal nodules that resembled mucous cysts or benign mesenchymal neoplasms. Most were found in the tongue (11 cases), followed by buccal mucosa and the lower lip (4 cases each) and upper lip (2 cases). These were well circumscribed, and ranged in size from 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. Typical histologic features of viable cysticerci were observed in 15 cases, and the presence of colloid degeneration and granular mineralization were detected in only 1 case. In all cases, simple surgical excision was sufficient to ensure complete removal of the lesions without postoperative complications. It is important to carry out a detailed study in every case, in order to exclude the presence of the parasite in other sites.

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Se reporta el caso de un recién nacido con características del síndrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz, con genitales femeninos y cariotipo 46, XY, el cual presenta además signos del llamado síndrome de Bandas Amnioticas (ADAM), constituye el primer caso reportado de esta asociación, se revisa la literatura y se hace la correlación entre el grado de compromiso genital y la severidad de la expresión fenotípica

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