Asunto(s)
Amniocentesis/efectos adversos , Candidiasis Mucocutánea Crónica/congénito , Candidiasis/congénito , Adulto , Candidiasis Mucocutánea Crónica/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/complicaciones , RiesgoRESUMEN
Infants born to women who are asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers frequently acquire hepatitis B virus infection in infancy. The spectrum of disease in such affected infants includes mild transient acute hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carriage, and, rarely, fulminant fatal hepatitis B. Recently, the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of infantile acquisition of hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B vaccine may also be preventive in this setting. Three young infants, aged 8 to 16 weeks, who died of acute fulminant hepatitis were studied. In each instance, the mother was found, retrospectively, to be asymptomatic but HBsAg positive. One of these mothers was hepatitis B e-antigen-negative but hepatitis B e-antibody positive. All three babies were HBsAg positive; two who were tested for hepatitis B core antibody were positive. These three fatalities serve to dramatize both the importance of HBsAg screening of pregnant women, particularly those with demographic factors that place them at increased risk for HBsAg carriage, as well as the significance of effective immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B in all offspring of women with HBsAg seropositivity.
Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/diagnóstico , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis B/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/prevención & control , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Femenino , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis B/transmisión , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , RiesgoRESUMEN
The efficacy of ceftriaxone against group B streptococci was studied in vitro and in vivo with an infant rat model of group B streptococci bacteraemia and meningitis. Twenty-four strains demonstrated minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone of 0 . 05-0 . 1 mg/l and minimal bactericidal concentrations of 0 . 1-0 . 4 mg/l. Four strains were selected to induce bacteraemia and meningitis in infant rats by intraperitoneal inoculation. All 45 bacteraemic animals with or without meningitis that were treated with ceftriaxone 2 mg/kg/dose every eight hours for five doses survived, while all 12 control animals died (P less than 0 . 001). When recultured 54 h after the last dose of ceftriaxone, both CSF and blood remained sterile in all treated animals. These results indicate group B streptococci to be sensitive to ceftriazone in vitro and that, in the low dosage used, ceftriaxone effectively eradicates group B streptococcal bacteraemia and meningitis in infant rats.