RESUMEN
This retrospective study shows the advantage of the CA 15.3 assay for the early detection of relapse in breast cancer. It involved 473 women with invasive canalar carcinoma who had local recurrence or metastasis and/or an elevation of CA 15.3 (> 35 kU/l). The positive predictive value is excellent (97.7%). Sensitivity is poor for local relapse (13.7%), but a marker elevation at this time is a good prognostic factor of further distant metastasis (88%). It is better in the case of distant metastasis (74%), especially in bone and and liver localizations. CA 15.3 measurement at two month intervals may allow an early detection in 40% of distant metastasis. These results confirm the need of trials to test the benefits in terms of survival of early treatment of breast cancer metastasis only proved by CA 15.3 elevation, without any clinical or radiological finding.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Valor Predictivo de las PruebasRESUMEN
The pseudotumoral feature of radial scar cause considerable diagnostic problems mammographically and at the extemporaneous examination. From a series of 28 cases, the authors confront their experience with classical mammographic data and emphasize: the difficulty in analysing the central area of the radiating structure, the possibility of glandular retraction, the relationship between spicules and radiolucent linear structures. These radiological criterias do not allow us to affirm the diagnosis. Extraction with histological examination of the operatory fragment is the only attitude.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Mamografía , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
An experimental model of colonic cancer can be obtained in rodents by administration of 1-2 Dimethylhydrazine. It produces constant, reproducible lesions, ranging from simple anomalies of secretion to invasive cancers, which are identical to those observed in man. It should be noted that the rats and mice used in these experiments do not present spontaneous colonic tumours. This model has contributed to the substitution of the polyp-cancer sequence by the dysplasia-cancer sequence. All of steps of malignant transformation of the mucosa can be followed by histochemistry of the mucins, by ultrastructural examination of the basement membrane and by labeling of the sub-epithelial connective tissue with hyaluronectin. In man, it is possible to define high risk lesions prior to the appearance of polyps.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Dimetilhidrazinas/toxicidad , Metilhidrazinas/toxicidad , 1,2-Dimetilhidrazina , Animales , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , RatasRESUMEN
Twenty-eight rats were given weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for periods of 1-10 weeks. The preneoplastic changes occurring in the descending colon were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. Marked uniformity was observed in the time period of lesion development in the colon induced by the carcinogen especially at the epithelialstromal junction in preneoplastic lesions. Little changes were observed after 3 weeks treatment with the DMH. The greatest changes occurred after 6 weeks treatment, resulting in epithelium and mesenchyme. It has been confirmed that 3 weeks treatment with DMH is subcarcinogenic, whereas 10 weeks treatment results in a high incidence of tumors. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that a carcinogen may act by inducing alterations in a small number of enterocytes and that colonic tumors arise through stepwise evolutional changes in these cells.
Asunto(s)
Carcinógenos , Colon/ultraestructura , Neoplasias del Colon/ultraestructura , Dimetilhidrazinas/toxicidad , Metilhidrazinas/toxicidad , Lesiones Precancerosas/ultraestructura , 1,2-Dimetilhidrazina , Animales , Membrana Basal/ultraestructura , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Epitelio/ultraestructura , Femenino , Microscopía Electrónica , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The authors report a case of IgD myeloma of which the initial symptom was a mononeuritis and the biological, immunological and ultrastructural study performed about this case. Then are reviewed the mechanisms, proved or hypothetical, by which are actually explained the event of neuropathies within lympho-plasmocytic disorders.
Asunto(s)
Nervio Hipogloso , Inmunoglobulina D , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Neuritis/etiología , Paraproteinemias/complicaciones , Amiloidosis/complicaciones , Humanos , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/complicaciones , Mieloma Múltiple/inmunología , Parálisis/etiologíaRESUMEN
100 Wistar rats, belonging to a series of 500 animals, were treated with increasing doses and for increasing periods of time with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. A previous study has shown that tumors begin to appear only after the 19th week. Before this period there are abnormalities of mucin secretion (by the 2nd week), and then there are dysplasic lesions (after the 4th week). The ultrastructure study, done before the 19th week ("pretumor" phase) confirms some previous observations (increase in the zone of mitosis, secretory changes, mutation producing effects). These features are reminiscent of the histochemical characteristics of the human foetal colon. They show an epitheliomesenchymatous disorganisation unrelated to inflammation. There are abnormally early changes in the vasculature, there is loss of the (epithelial) coat, there is dissociation of the basal membrane and abnormal connections between it and the epithelial cells, collagen and fibroblasts; all this represents a disorganisation of the regeneration system of the colon mucosa. This loss of equilibrium between the parenchyma and the mesenchyma may represent a factor favoring excessive and disorganised growth of the mucosa.