RESUMEN
The aim of this study is to report the epidemiological characteristics of a food poisoning outbreak due to scombroid fish in a hospital. A case-control study (1:4) was conducted. Patients either symptomatic of food poisoning (cases) or asymptomatic (controls) eating at the hospital cafeteria were included. To identify the source of the outbreak, sanitary control factors were assessed. Microbiological studies and the mast cell tryptase test were performed. All cases and controls received a questionnaire enquiring about symptoms and foods consumed. The odds ratios (OR) for all risk factors and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed. In total, 20 individuals (90% female) were included in the study: four cases and 16 controls. The overall mean age was 43 years (SD: 10.2). The most frequent symptom observed was facial and neck erythaema (100%). Microbiological cultures were negative, the mast cell tryptase test was normal and breakdown of the cold chain did not occur. The most likely source of the outbreak was fried anchovies (OR: 34.7; 95% CI: 1.50-809.6; p=0.02). Methods suitable to the rapid assessment of the outbreak allowed us to establish prompt preventive measures and identify the likely aetiology.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Peces , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Toxinas Marinas/envenenamiento , Alimentos Marinos/envenenamiento , Adulto , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Eritema , Femenino , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/etiología , Hospitales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico se pueden evitar y los programas de control basados en paquetes de medidas preventivas son eficaces para reducir su incidencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un Plan de Mejora de Calidad y Seguridad Clínica del paciente intervenido de apendicectomía en la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental con análisis antes y después de la introducción de un Plan de Calidad y Seguridad Clínica. Se incluyeron pacientes intervenidos de apendicectomía. Se estudió la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico durante los 30 días posteriores a la cirugía (periodo máximo de incubación de infección quirúrgica). Se evaluó el efecto de la intervención con la odds ratio (OR) ajustada con un modelo de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 606 pacientes, 267 en el periodo 2009-2010 (antes del plan) y 339 durante 2012-2013 (después del plan). La incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico descendió después del plan del 6 al 5.6% (OR: 0.72; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0.33-1.56; p = 0.839). Hubo mayor cumplimiento de la profilaxis antibiótica, de la preparación prequirúrgica y de la adherencia a la higiene de manos tras la introducción de las medidas. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la reducción de la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas tras las medidas adoptadas, se ha conseguido mejorar la administración de la profilaxis antibiótica, la adherencia a la higiene de manos y la preparación prequirúrgica. OBJECTIVE: Surgical site infections can be prevented. Control programs based on care bundle have proven to be effective in reducing its incidence. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a Plan for Quality Improvement and Clinical Safety in preventing the incidence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing appendectomy. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was designed for analysis before and after the introduction of a Plan for Quality and Clinical Safety. Patients undergoing appendectomy were included. The incidence of surgical site infection was studied within 30 days from the time of surgery (maximum incubation period of surgical site infection). The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) adjusted with a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 606 patients were included, of which 267 were operated in the period 2009-2010 (before the plan) and 339 in 2012-2013 (after the plan). The incidence of surgical site infection decreased after the plan from 6 to 5.6% (OR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.33-1.56; p = 0.839). There was greater compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis, preoperative preparation and adherence to hand hygiene after the introduction of the measures. CONCLUSIONS: Although the reduction in the incidence of surgical site infection after the measures adopted did not show statistical significant differences, important progress has been made in the compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis, adherence to hand hygiene and in the preoperative preparation.