RESUMEN
Siendo el prematuro por su inmadurez orgáncia un niño con necesidades especiales de nutrición, en el presente artículo se revisan las diversas técnicas de alimentación que se deben implementar en relación con los problemas que estos niños presentan, y los requerimientos nutricionales que ellos necesitan para conseguir un normal crecimiento y desarrollo, similar al que hubiesen tenido dentro del útero materno.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Minerales/uso terapéutico , Nutrición del Lactante , Ciencias de la Nutrición/educación , Vitaminas , Calcio , Carbohidratos/uso terapéutico , Cobre , Grasas , Ácido Fólico , Hierro , Fósforo Dietético , Vitamina D , Vitamina E , Dedos de ZincRESUMEN
We examined the specific hypotheses linking the intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and protein to blood pressure (BP) and the relationship between dietary factors and mortality from the major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the Ecuadorian populations. Two Ecuadorian populations, the urban and the rural, were selected from Quito and Vilcabamba, respectively. From Quito: 87 men and 83 women; from Vilcabamba: 71 men and 91 women aged 50-54 were randomly selected for BP measurement, 24-h urine collection, and blood sampling according to the Cardiovascular Disease and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study protocol. Samples were analyzed at CARDIAC center in Izumo, Japan. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was not much different in the two populations, but mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in Vilcabamba (p less than 0.001). Mortality from stroke was higher in Vilcabamba, whereas coronary death rate was higher in Quito. Both sodium intake and sodium/potassium ratio were higher in Vilcabamba (p less than 0.001). Protein intake and serum cholesterol were higher in Quito (p less than 0.001). Urinary taurine excretion was higher in Quito. There was no difference in W3/W6 fatty acids ratio between the two populations. Multiple regression analyses of intracommunity correlation indicated that both SBP and DBP were highly significantly related with BMI in Quito and that urinary excretions were inversely related to SBP. Serum cholesterol was positively related to coronary death rate. Mortality from stroke was inversely related to both serum cholesterol and protein and was positively related to salt consumption.