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One of the main conditions for the successful adaptation to the military is the relationship between soldier and his commander. The aim of this study was to determine interpersonal relationship between soldier and his commander, evaluated by soldier on the one side and by commander on the other. The sample consisted of 144 adapted (group A) and 400 nonadapted (group NA) soldiers. The applied instruments were two questionnaires: Soldier's evaluation of a commander and Commander's perception of a soldier. Commanders most frequently noticed: emotional reactions of soldiers (anxious and depressive symptoms), then their relation to basic training and performance of soldier's duty and then their adjustment in the group (isolation, problems with sleeping and eating). It was concluded that soldiers with the problems in communication with authority before the military also had the problems with military commanders.

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The aim of this study was to determine the frustrations that prevent soldier's successful adaptation to the military environment in the first three months of military duty. The sample consisted of 200 adapted (group A) and 400 maladapted (group NA) soldiers. The applied instrument was the Adjustment questionnaire. It was concluded that the most important cause of frustration was the problem of establishing the interpersonal relationship of soldier and his comrades in the unit. The presence of the actual factor of decompensation was also important, in the sense that it could disqualify for military duty, temporarily or permanently, even a well adapted soldier. Commanding officers and comrades could positively influence the socialization of a personality, by helping the less sociably adaptable soldiers in their adaption to the military environment.

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Transsexuality is a phenomenon, which presents a rarity on recruitment. A case of male-to-female genuine transsexualism was presented in term of psychological-psychiatric evaluation of a recruit for military service. A phenomenon of transsexualism is discussed through etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and modern treatment.

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An important role during the adaptation period to the military service in the first three months have the defense mechanisms, which belong to the adaptive functioning of an organism. The aim of this study was to determine the defense mechanisms of soldiers in adaptation to the military environment. The sample consisted of 144 adapted (group A) and 400 nonadapted (group NA) soldiers. The applied instruments were: Social-demographic questionnaire and DSQ-40 (Defense Style Questionnaire--short form). The results of this study show that soldiers of NA group use immature defense mechanisms and soldiers of group A use mature defense mechanisms. A significant correlation existed between soldiers of groups A and NA in the use of: mature defense style (p < 0.01), humor (p < 0.005) and sublimation (p < 0.001). It was concluded that there was a relationship between maturity of defense mechanisms and level of adaptation to the military service and factors of the family environment.

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The end of military service is the turning point in young man's life. After the organized way of living in military environment, he is expected to enter the regular life duties for which he is not prepared to. The aim of this investigation was to study the basic features of soldier's personality that contribute to the maladapted behavioral patterns in frustrating situations occurring at the end of military service, as well as the close inspection of the behavioural changes in such persons, which occurred in that period. Thirty-three soldiers who came to the neuropsychiatric examination between the 10th and 12th month of compulsory military service (72.72% for the first time since joining the Army) were examined. The soldier's personality in EPI (Emotion Profile Index) test was characterized by: lower incorporation and reproduction, but raised level of destructiveness and aggressiveness. The graphic representation of personality profile in the circle of segment values demonstrates the similarity of structurality level to the average profile of emotionally immature person and in certain segments to the persons who attempted suicide. Manifested behavioural patterns in soldiers had the features of Short timer's syndrome. The results of our investigation have shown that the problems of maladapted behaviour in soldiers at the end of military service are dominantly associated with the poor personality integration preexisting chronic problems of the immediate family and differing starting positions after the discharge as well as the poorer organization of living and work of soldiers in the unit due to the inadequate leadership.

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Sixty six conscripts were examined during the first 30 days of military service, in the period of adaptation to the military environment. Out of total number of the examined soldiers, 83.33% of them enlisted with previous problems from the civilian life. Two thirds of the examined soldiers experience difficulties enduring the conditions of the soldiers' life, and 2/3 of the examined soldiers encountered problems in interpersonal relations in the unit. The most frequent diagnosis was emotionally immature personality (39.39%), then intellectual deficiency (24.14%). 43.94% of soldiers were referred to the Military Medical Board with the recommendation of 'temporary disability' and 28.79% with the recommendation of 'permanent disability' for the military service, while 21.21% of soldiers were returned to their units are 'capable' for the military service.

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