RESUMEN
In the present study, the safety, tolerance and impact of 1×109 cfu Bacillus clausii CSI08, 1×109 cfu Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a probiotic cocktail containing Bacillus subtilis DE111®, Bacillus megaterium MIT411, Bacillus coagulans CGI314, and Bacillus clausii CSI08 with a total count of 2.0×109 cfu administered daily were assessed as compared with a maltodextrin containing placebo control. A total of 98 study participants received daily doses for 45 days, followed by a washout period of 2 weeks. A questionnaire to capture the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract, urinary tract and/or gastrointestinal complaints and a diary to capture stool regularity and consistency was kept daily to record compliance throughout the 45 days. Faecal and blood samples were collected for microbiological and haematological analysis at the start and end of the treatment period. The probiotic cocktail significantly decreased the incidence of loose stools throughout the entire study. The recorded respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and other stool consistency were not influenced. No clinically relevant changes in blood parameters, such as liver and kidney function and no serious adverse events appeared during and after administration. There were no changes in symptoms including sadness, irritability, energy, appetite, tension, stress, sleep, cardiovascular events, aches and pains, and dizziness as determined by a mood questionnaire administered to participants at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Similarly, the measured inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, free amino acids or minerals remained unaffected. There were no negative changes in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota with any of the treatment groups. These promising data suggest that these treatments were safe and well tolerated, and further work with larger cohorts are justified to determine the efficacy of these potential probiotics in select demographic groups. Trial registration number with clinicaltrials.gov at NCT04758845.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus clausii , Bacillus megaterium , Probióticos , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Método Doble Ciego , DolorRESUMEN
Previous studies using ileostomy samples from study participants demonstrated that the spore-forming probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111® can germinate in the small intestine as early as 4 hours after ingestion. Metabolomics, proteomics and sequencing technologies, enabled further analysis of these samples for the presence of hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive molecules. In the DE111 treatment group, the polyphenols trigonelline and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, orotic acid, the non-essential amino acid cystine and the lipokine 12,13-diHome were increased. DE111 also reduced acetylcholine levels in the ileostomy samples, and increased the expression of leucocyte recruiting proteins, antimicrobial peptides and intestinal alkaline phosphatases of the brush border in the small intestine. The combination of B. subtilis DE111 and the diet administered during the study increased the expression of the proteins phosphodiesterase ENPP7, ceramidase ASAH2 and the adipokine Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein that are involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Acute B. subtilis DE111 ingestion had limited detectable effect on the microbiome, with the main change being its increased presence. These findings support previous data suggesting a beneficial role of DE111 in digestion, metabolism, and immune health that appears to begin within hours of consumption.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus subtilis , Probióticos , Humanos , Bacillus subtilis/fisiología , Intestino Delgado , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ingestión de AlimentosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine the variables present at the time of embryo transfer and to determine their effects on the clinical pregnancy rate. STUDY DESIGN: All fresh and frozen embryo transfers during a 3-year period in a university-based in vitro fertilization program were examined. Female age, previous in vitro fertilization attempt, diagnosis, embryo number and quality, transfer technique, and presence of a clinical pregnancy were recorded for each couple. Logistic regression analyses were performed both univariately and multivariately to determine the association between a clinical pregnancy and the independent variables. RESULTS: All transfers during the study period were included in the analysis. The four primary diagnoses were pelvic or tubal disease, male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, and endometriosis. The 46 frozen embryo transfers had a clinical pregnancy rate similar to that among the 159 fresh embryo transfers and were therefore included in the analysis. One variable was found to significantly affect the outcome, the number of high-grade embryos placed. The presence of a previous failed embryo transfer tended to lower the success rate for future attempts; however, this result did not reach statistical significance. The catheter type and the transfer difficulty did not affect outcome. CONCLUSION: The two most important variables for predicting a clinical pregnancy are a first-time transfer and the number of high-grade embryos placed. Neither the type of embryo transfer catheter used nor the diagnosis affected outcome. In this small sample difficult embryo transfers did not diminish the chance for a successful outcome.
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Transferencia de Embrión , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto , Criopreservación , Transferencia de Embrión/métodos , Embrión de Mamíferos/fisiología , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Humanos , Infertilidad/terapia , Modelos Logísticos , Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical pregnancy rates (PRs) in anovulatory, male factor, and unexplained infertility using clomiphene citrate (CC) with an IUI and to evaluate the difference in PRs between urinary LH testing and hCG administration for timing of the IUI. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Academic, tertiary care fertility center. PATIENT(S): One hundred thirty-eight couples (432 cycles) undergoing IUI with CC ovulation induction as a treatment for unexplained, anovulatory, or male factor infertility were selected. INTERVENTION(S): All women with unexplained or male factor infertility received CC at a dose of 50 mg/d, and those with anovulation received CC at a dose ranging from 50 to 200 mg/d. All women in the study received a single IUI either the morning after a urinary LH surge or 36 to 38 hours after an evening hCG injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical PR. RESULT(S): There were no differences in the clinical PRs between LH testing or hCG administration in any of the three groups. Clinical PRs were extremely low in the male factor infertility group regardless of the timing used. CONCLUSION(S): These data suggest that the success of IUI with CC is not dependent on the method used to establish the timing for the IUI. In couples undergoing IUI with CC, the use of urinary LH testing may result in lower costs by reducing patient visits and the midcycle ultrasound.
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Gonadotropina Coriónica/administración & dosificación , Clomifeno/uso terapéutico , Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/uso terapéutico , Infertilidad Femenina/terapia , Inseminación Artificial , Hormona Luteinizante/orina , Inducción de la Ovulación/métodos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Two trials utilizing two corn diets and four wheat diets were conducted. In Trial 2, all chicks were crop-infused at 9 d of age with Eimeria acervulina. In both trials, a broth culture of Clostridium perfringens was mixed with the diets for 3 consecutive d. Necrotic enteritis lesion scores were lowest in chickens consuming the corn diet with no C. perfringens and highest in chickens fed the wheat diets with C. perfringens. Chickens consuming a wheat diet with no added complex carbohydrates or added fiber exhibited the highest lesion score. Chickens on wheat diets with 4% new, ground, pine shavings had intestinal lesion scores intermediate to those of chickens that consumed the wheat or corn diets. Chickens consuming corn diets yielded the lowest lesion scores. Chickens provided diets containing either guar gum or pectin were not fully consumed and thus probably reduced the number of challenge organisms ingested.
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Pollos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Enteritis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/dietoterapia , Animales , Infecciones por Clostridium/complicaciones , Infecciones por Clostridium/patología , Infecciones por Clostridium/veterinaria , Clostridium perfringens/aislamiento & purificación , Coccidiosis/complicaciones , Coccidiosis/patología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Dieta/veterinaria , Duodeno/microbiología , Duodeno/patología , Eimeria/aislamiento & purificación , Enteritis/etiología , Enteritis/terapia , Galactanos/normas , Incidencia , Mananos/normas , Necrosis , Pectinas/normas , Gomas de Plantas , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/etiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Triticum/normas , Zea mays/normasRESUMEN
Our goals were to determine the prognostic value of a yolk sac or fetal heart motion seen during an early accurately dated transvaginal ultrasound (TVU). We reviewed 225 consecutive pregnancies for fetal heart motion data. Furthermore, 63 pregnancies following in-vitro fertilization were reviewed for yolk sac information. The TVU was performed between 5 and 6 weeks following presumed conception (heart motion data) and between 22 and 32 days following in-vitro fertilization (yolk sac data). Pregnancies were followed until an ongoing pregnancy or spontaneous abortion was documented. The presence of a yolk sac between 22 and 32 days from fertilization was associated with the development of fetal heart motion in 94% of cases. The absence of the yolk sac by 32 days after fertilization was always associated with a poor outcome. In women < 36 years of age, the presence of fetal heart motion was associated with a spontaneous abortion in only 4.5% of the cases. However, the incidence of spontaneous abortion following fetal heart motion increased to 10% in women 36-39 years and 29% in women > or = 40 years of age. The presence of heart motion should not be considered a reassuring sign in the older woman. These data have implications regarding early embryology and the counselling of infertility patients.
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Corazón Fetal/diagnóstico por imagen , Corazón Fetal/fisiología , Edad Gestacional , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Vagina , Saco Vitelino/diagnóstico por imagen , Aborto Espontáneo , Adulto , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Humanos , Edad Materna , Embarazo , Embarazo de Alto Riesgo , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
In response to the energy crisis of the 1970s, this laboratory recommended that initial brooding temperatures for broilers be reduced to 29.4 C from 32.2 or 35 C. Because environmental temperature has been implicated in the ascites syndrome, this work was conducted to see whether the recommended brooding temperature of 29.4 C the 1st wk, 26.7 C the 2nd wk, and 23.9 C the 3rd wk would be satisfactory for broiler production when compared with higher brooding temperature regimens starting at 32.2 or 35 C. Brooding chicks at a temperature of 29.4 C the 1st wk, 26.7 C the 2nd wk, and 23.9 C the 3rd wk did not adversely affect broiler performance at 6 wk of age, when compared with higher brooding temperature regimens. Under the conditions of this experiment, brooding chicks at a temperature of 29.4 C the 1st wk, 26.7 C the 2nd wk, and 23.9 C the 3rd wk was satisfactory when compared with the higher temperature brooding regimens. Mortality due to ascites and total mortality significantly increased for broilers brooded in the negative control temperature regimen of 26.7 C the 1st wk, 23.9 C the 2nd wk, and 21.1 C when compared with some or all of the higher brooding temperature regimens. Heat loss calculations based on a commercial setting show an 18% savings in liquified petroleum (LP) gas usage for chicks brooded at 29.4 vs 35 C and a savings of 10% in LP gas usage for chicks brooded at 29.4 vs 32.2 C on a winter day.
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Cruzamiento/métodos , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Temperatura , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Animales , Ascitis/etiología , Ascitis/fisiopatología , Ascitis/veterinaria , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Pollos/fisiología , Ambiente , Masculino , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/etiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine if CA 125, a product of human endometrium, may be an indicator of early endometrial function. To test this hypothesis we examined CA 125 concentrations before oocyte retrieval in IVF cycles. DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis of 111 consecutive IVF cycles. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS: All women who received luteal leuprolide acetate (LA) suppression followed by hMG for IVF and had sera available for analyses were entered into the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum CA 125 was measured in the previous luteal cycle, day 7 of hMG, day before, and day of hCG administration. Twelve other variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-six cycles (47 women) qualified for evaluation and included 25 pregnant cycles (45%) and 31 nonpregnant cycles. Higher serum CA 125 concentrations were associated with pregnancy in both endometriosis and nonendometriosis subgroups. CA 125 values on the day of hCG administration were the best predictors of pregnancy, with levels > or = 16 U/mL having a sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 97%, and a positive predictive value of 95% for pregnancy. The other variables were not predictive of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: With a LA and hMG stimulation protocol, increased CA 125 concentrations before retrieval are associated with very high pregnancy rates. The source(s) of the serum CA 125, although as yet undertermined, may be of endometrial origin. The study supports further evaluation of CA 125 concentrations in IVF as a preretrieval predictor of pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Fertilización In Vitro , Embarazo , Gonadotropina Coriónica/administración & dosificación , Gonadotropina Coriónica/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Fase Luteínica/sangre , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of serum collected from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on the fertilization and early embryonic development of the murine oocyte. DESIGN: Sera from women with anovulation were used as a supplement in a murine IVF model. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS: Four fertile, four hypothalamic amenorrheic, seven PCOS (three with elevated LH and four with elevated T), and three anovulatory women with normal hormone levels. RESULTS: When compared with serum from fertile women, serum from women with PCOS reduced fertilization rates (60% versus 42%) and subsequent early embryonic development rates (87% versus 31%). Serum from women with PCOS and elevated T levels had the lowest fertilization rates (22%). Polycystic ovary syndrome serum with elevated T or LH levels significantly decreased early embryonic development rates in comparison to fertile women (22%, 41% versus 87%). CONCLUSIONS: Serum from women with PCOS inhibited fertilization and blastocyst development. Because both T and LH caused inhibited blastocyst development, these data have implications regarding low pregnancy rates and live birth rates during ovulation induction in women with anovulation. These data also raise questions regarding the use of serum during IVF.
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Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal , Fertilización In Vitro , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Amenorrea/sangre , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Ratones , Embarazo , Testosterona/sangreRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine the pituitary response to minidose follicular-phase GnRHa and see if a second flare can be achieved. METHOD: A prospective, consecutive series of 12 couples with tubal-factor infertility underwent 14 cycles of minidose GnRHa. Women were given a 25- or 50-migrograms dose of leuprolide acetate (LA) on cycle days 2 and 5. On cycle days 3 and 4 no LA was given but 2 ampoules of pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was administered. Beginning day 6, a combination of LA and FSH was administered. RESULTS: Following a dose of only 25 micrograms of LA on cycle day 2, mean FSH, LH, and E2 levels were significantly elevated over the baseline levels. Following no LA on cycle day 3 or 4, a repeat dose of 25 micrograms LA caused a second flare of LH and E2 on cycle day 6. Of the 14 cycles, 6 were canceled because of poor stimulation. Two of the eight patients who underwent retrieval delivered a live birth. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to examine both the pituitary response and the recovery time from minidose follicular-phase GnRHa. An extremely small dose of LA is needed to cause a pituitary flare of gonadotropins. Following a flare from 25 micrograms of LA on cycle day 2, the pituitary is able to recover and respond with a repeat flare on cycle day 5.
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Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/farmacología , Fase Folicular/efectos de los fármacos , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Leuprolida/farmacología , Hipófisis/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/administración & dosificación , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/farmacología , Humanos , Leuprolida/administración & dosificación , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The goals of this research were to substantiate the existence of the cry-wolf effect for alarm responses, quantifying its effect on operator performance. A total of 138 undergraduate students performed two blocks of a cognitively demanding psychomotor primary task; at the same time, they were presented with alarms of varying reliabilities (25, 50 and 75% true alarms) and urgencies (green, yellow and red visual alarms presented concurrently with low-, medium- and high-urgency auditory civilian aircraft cockpit alarms). Alarm response frequencies were observed and analysed, and t-tests and repeated-measures MANOVAs were used to assess the effects of increasing alarm reliability on alarm response frequencies, speed and accuracy. The results indicate that most subjects (about 90%) do not respond to all alarms but match their response rates to the expected probability of true alarms (probability matching). About 10% of the subjects responded in the extreme, utilizing an all-or-none strategy. Implications of these results for alarm design instruction and further research are discussed.
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Conducta Cooperativa , Administración de la Seguridad , Adulto , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of serum from infertile women with endometriosis on fertilization and embryonic development in a murine IVF model. DESIGN: Pretreatment and post-treatment comparison of murine oocyte fertilization and early embryonic development with the addition of serum supplements from infertile women with endometriosis. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS: Sera from 10 fertile women without endometriosis and 28 infertile women with endometriosis both before and after laser laparoscopy. RESULTS: When compared with serum from fertile women, serum from infertile women with endometriosis inhibited fertilization rates (51% versus 81%) and subsequent embryonic development rates (46% versus 79%). The inhibitory effect was greater as the stage of endometriosis increased. Treatment of endometriosis by laser laparoscopy improved both fertilization (51% versus 56%) and early embryonic development rates (46% versus 58%). CONCLUSIONS: Serum from infertile women with endometriosis inhibits both fertilization and early embryonic development in the murine IVF model. Inhibition of fertilization and early embryonic development rates increases as the stage of endometriosis increases. Improved fertilization and early embryonic development rates are observed after treatment of endometriosis by laser laparoscopy.
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Sangre , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal , Endometriosis/sangre , Fertilización In Vitro , Infertilidad Femenina/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Infertilidad Femenina/complicaciones , Laparoscopía , Terapia por Láser , RatonesRESUMEN
In an attempt to determine the effect of early feed restriction on broiler performance, nine trials were conducted. Feed restriction was based on previous 24-h feed consumption values of the full-fed control groups. Feed restriction was from either 7 to 14 d of age (Trials 1 to 5) or 8 to 16 d of age (Trials 6 to 9). The treatments for Trials 1 to 5 were 90, 75, and 60% of previous 24-h feed consumption of full-fed controls. The treatments for Trials 6 to 9 were 80 and 60% of previous 24-h feed consumption of full-fed controls. Early feed restriction did not affect abdominal fat. Early feed restriction did improve feed conversion (grams of feed:BW). Males and females equated at 41 d of age for an 8% reduction (90% feed restriction) at 14 d of age when compared with full-fed control broilers. Neither females or males could overcome a 17 or 18% weight reduction (75% feed restriction) at 14 d of age by 41 d of age. At 48 or 49 d of age, both males and females could equate in weight with full-fed control broilers for a weight reduction of 27 and 31% (60% feed restriction) at 16 d of age. Mortality or deformed legs did not differ between any of the comparisons.
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Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ingestión de Alimentos , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Gelsolin, a Ca++ activated, 90 kd actin binding protein, can regulate actin polymerization in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) via severing of filaments to dissolve gels or by capping of filament ends to limit polymerization. In Triton-lysed PMNs, 30% of gelsolin is bound to the Triton-soluble F-actin (TSF) pool and none is bound to the Triton-insoluble F-actin (TIF) pool. Calcium-activated PMNs exhibit concurrent temporal and quantitative TIF growth and TSF and total F-actin loss. To determine if gelsolin plays a role in regulating TSF pool size, we monitored gelsolin-actin interactions and TIF, TSF and G-actin content at 5 second intervals in PMNs activated with the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. Actin pools were measured by NBDphallacidin binding and by gel scans and expressed relative to basal; gelsolin-actin interactions were measured as change in the amount of EGTA-resistant gelsolin:actin (G:A) complexes and by immunoblot quantification of gelsolin in actin pools. In basal PMNs, 33% of PMN gelsolin is bound in 1:1 EGTA-resistant G:A complexes and TSF and TIF retain 30% and 0% of PMN gelsolin, respectively. By 20 seconds after ionomycin addition, TSF decreases, TIF increases and a fraction of gelsolin repartitions from the TSF to the TIF pool. At maximum change (60 seconds), total F-actin (TIF + TSF) and TSF decrease and TIF increases by 25%; gelsolin is bound to both TSF and TIF (35% of total gelsolin in each pool), and 1:1 EGTA-resistant G:A complexes increase from 33% to 70%. No changes occur in cells activated by ionomycin in the absence of Ca++. The data show Ca++ activated TIF growth and TSF loss are temporally and quantitatively associated with an increase in the percent of gelsolin bound to actin and the translocation of gelsolin from TSF to TIF. This is unique, since no other PMN activator is known to repartition gelsolin into TIF actin. Further, the Ca++ activated initial increase in TIF concurrent with a fall in TSF without a change in total F-actin or G-actin content suggest that TIF grows initially only by TSF annealing/cross-linking to TIF. Gelsolin may regulate these events.
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Actinas/sangre , Calcio/fisiología , Gelsolina/fisiología , Activación Neutrófila/fisiología , Humanos , Cinética , Polietilenglicoles , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Increasing levels of automation are being introduced into the cockpit. Yet, it is difficult to predict the impact of these automatic systems on other elements of flight, such as crew communication and the ability to arrive at an effective decision. This study attempted to clarify the relation among these variables. Forty-eight pilots were assigned to two-person crews and asked to fly a simulated mission in either automated or manual conditions using a low-fidelity simulator. The scenario was designed to require crewmembers to arrive at a collective decision based on information obtained about an evolving simulated disaster. The results indicated that the introduction of automation was not associated with better performance. However, several significant differences were observed in the communications of crews flying in the automated versus manual conditions. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for communications training for advanced technology aircraft.
Asunto(s)
Automatización , Aviación/instrumentación , Comunicación , Toma de Decisiones , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Adulto , Medicina Aeroespacial , Aeronaves/instrumentación , Simulación por Computador , Ergonomía , Procesos de Grupo , Humanos , Carga de TrabajoRESUMEN
A passively mode-locked, flash-lamp-pumped long-cavity Nd:YAG laser was developed with a cavity length that was variable in discrete increments from approximately 11 to 60 m, permitting adjustment of the mode-locked pulse repetition frequency over a range from 13 to 2.5 MHz. Multiple-pulse acoustic signals were generated with this laser in an aluminum sample and remotely detected by a path-stabilized Michelson interferometer. The energy in the multiple-pulse acoustic signal was confined to a considerably reduced spectral range compared with that in a single pulse. Successful laser generation of spectrally selective narrow-band ultrasound presents new opportunities to integrate advanced signal-processing strategies with interferometric detection to enhance the sensitivity of laser ultrasonics for industrial applications.
RESUMEN
In vitro Ca++ activates gelsolin to sever F-actin and form a gelsolin-actin (GA) complex at the+end of F-actin that is not dissociated by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) but is separated by EGTA+PIP/PIP2. The gelsolin blocks the+end on the actin filament, but the-end of the filament can still initiate actin polymerization. In thrombin activated platelets, evidence suggests that severing of F-actin by gelsolin increases GA complex, creates one-end actin nucleus and one cryptic+end actin nucleus per cut, and then dissociates to yield free+ends to nucleate rapid actin assembly. We examined the role of F-actin severing in creation and regulation of nuclei and polymerization in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). At 2-s intervals after formyl peptide (FMLP) activation of endotoxin free (ETF) PMNs, change in GA complex was correlated with change in+end actin nuclei,-end actin nuclei, and F-actin content. GA complex was quantitated by electrophoretograms of proteins absorbed by antigelsolin from cells lysed in 10 mM EGTA,+end actin nuclei as cytochalasin (CD) sensitive and-end actin nuclei as CD insensitive increases in G-pyrenyl actin polymerization rates induced by the same PMNs, and F-actin content by NBDphallacidin binding to fixed cells. Thirty three percent of gelsolin was in GA complex in basal ETF PMNs; from 2-6 s, GA complexes dissociate (low = 15% at 10 s) and sequentially+end nuclei and F-actin content and then-end nuclei increase to a maximum at 10 s. At > s GA complex increase toward basal and + end nuclei and F-actin content returned toward basal. These kinetic data show gelsolin regulates availability of + end nuclei and actin polymerization in FMLP. However, absence of an initial increase in GA complex or - end nucleating activity shows FMLP activation does not cause gelsolin to sever F- or to bind G-actin to create cryptic + end nuclei in PMNs; the results suggest the + nucleus formation is gelsolin independent.
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Actinas/sangre , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/sangre , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/sangre , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/farmacología , Neutrófilos/fisiología , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/ultraestructura , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Gelsolina , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Two trials were conducted using feed forms of pellets and mash to determine whether parts of the digestive tract (small intestine) were enlarged by meal feeding. Results obtained show that meal feeding of broilers significantly increases small intestine weight for both mash and pellet broiler groups when compared with continuously fed broilers. The body weight, feed conversion, and mortality did not differ between the continuous-fed versus meal-fed groups. Pelleting the diet during the growing period (3 to 6 wk of age) significantly improved both growth rate and feed conversion of broilers.
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Alimentación Animal , Pollos/anatomía & histología , Intestino Delgado/anatomía & histología , Animales , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/fisiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Experiments were conducted to study the effect on broiler performance of grinding corn with different hammer mill screen openings (HMSO). Corn for Trials 1 and 2 was ground through HMSO of 3.18 or 9.59 mm and broilers were grown at 15.5 and 26.6 C in Trial 1 and at 26.6 C in Trial 2. Dietary energy levels used from 22 to 42 days were 3,050 and 3,230 kcal ME/kg for Trial 1 and 3,230 and 3,330 kcal ME/kg in Trial 2. In all starter and finisher diets, lysine and sulphur amino acid concentrations were similar on a megacalorie basis. In Trials 3 and 4, HMSO were 3.18, 4.76, 6.35, and 7.94 mm. Corn ground through a HMSO of 9.59 mm significantly reduced body weight and feed:gain ratio in Trials 1 and 2 at 21 days as compared with corn ground through an HMSO of 3.18 mm. At 42 days, body weights were reduced when corn was ground through 9.59- and 3.18-mm HMSO for the starter and finisher diets, respectively, as compared with those fed with the corn ground through a 3.18-mm HMSO in the starter diet. In Trials 3 and 4, significant differences in body weight and feed:gain ratios at 21 days were not noted for feed containing corn ground through an HMSO of 3.18, 4.76, 6.35, or 7.94 mm.