Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud/etnología , Selección de Profesión , Personal de Salud/psicología , Indígenas Norteamericanos/psicología , Selección de Personal/métodos , Grupos Focales , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Evaluación de Necesidades , New Mexico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
The structure of farm families in an industrializing rural area in west-central Taiwan is explored using data for 96 households in Hsiu-Shui district. The results suggest that despite modernization and social change, "the large family ideal still persists and expresses itself as a compartmental family which offers both the individual freedom of a nuclear family and the support and security of a large extended family."
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Economía , Composición Familiar , Familia , Industrias , Núcleo Familiar , Características de la Población , Población Rural , Cambio Social , Asia , China , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Asia Oriental , Población , Planificación Social , TaiwánRESUMEN
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), frequently found in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), have been suspected of contributing to the latter immunodeficiency. The ability of normal HLA-identical sibling bone marrow to reconstitute an 8-month-old infant with severe combined immunodeficiency infected with these two viral agents is of interest. After presentation with severe mucocutaneous candidiasis, cavitary pulmonary disease, nodular cutaneous lesions, and hepatic abscesses containing acid-fast organisms, immunologic studies revealed lymphopenia, 1-3% T cells, and no lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Prior to transplantation, the infant's blood B lymphocytes grew spontaneously in culture, suggesting they were infected with EBV. Indeed, an appropriate antibody response to EBV was detected at 2 months post-transplantation. At 3 weeks postgrafting, neutropenia and cholestatic jaundice developed without other signs of graft versus host disease. Liver biopsy demonstrated CMV but no EBV by DNA hybridization. There was evidence of T- and B-cell function by 2 weeks postgrafting, including vigorous in vivo and in vitro responses to candida. Although the blood lymphocyte T4:T8 ratio was inverted at 2 weeks, it reverted to normal by 6 weeks post-transplantation. All clinical disease resolved by 8 months and karotyping revealed all T and B lymphocytes to be XX. Thus, despite infections with both CMV and EBV, complete immunologic reconstitution was achieved in this, the most severe of all genetically determined immunodeficiency conditions, arguing against these viruses having a major role in the failure of bone marrow transplantation in AIDS.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/inmunología , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/inmunología , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/complicaciones , Lactante , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Candidiasis/etiología , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/complicaciones , Meningitis/etiología , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis/inmunología , Flucitosina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Meningitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Meningitis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Human milk, or one of two formulas that derive their fat from vegetable oil, was fed to infants from birth until 4.5 to 6 months of age. Infants fed human mild received 2% of total fatty acids as 20 to 22 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids which are not found in vegetable oils, are synthesized by animals from the essential vegetable-derived fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. Enfamil (Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN) contained three times as much linoleic acid as human milk or SMA (Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA); however, the ratios of linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid were 9.0, 18.8, and 11.7 for Enfamil, human milk, and SMA, respectively. Erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in infants fed human milk had significantly more 20 to 22 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids than did those infants consuming only vegetable fat. Concentrations of 20 to 22 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine of SMA and Enfamil-fed infants were similar despite very significant differences in the amount of dietary 18 carbon precursor. The degree of unsaturation of both erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine was highest with the feeding of human milk compared to the formulas, but the relative concentration of the four major erythrocyte phospholipids, and the ratio of membrane phosphorus/cholesterol were not affected by these diets.