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Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a disease that causes bone fragility and deformities, affecting both the cranial base and the craniocervical junction, and may lead to other neurological disorders. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out based on cephalometric analysis of the cranial base in a sample of patients with OI, in lateral skull radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), comparing them with a sample of age-matched controls. When the different variables of the craniocervical junction were analyzed, significance was found in comparisons with the different age groups. All measurements of the variables studied stabilized as growth progressed. For most of the variables, the severity of the disease influences the measurements of the skull base, with statistically significant differences. Both age and severity of the disease are factors that directly influence the anatomy of the craniocervical junction in these patients and may serve as indicators in the early detection and prevention of other derived alterations.

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Occlusion is the way in which the dental arches are related to each other and depends on craniofacial growth and development. It is affected in patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) who present altered craniofacial development. The malocclusion present in 49 patients diagnosed with different types of OI aged between 4 and 18 was studied. The control group of healthy people was matched for age, sex, and molar class. To study the mixed and permanent dentition, the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) discrepancy Index was applied. The primary dentition was evaluated with a Temporary Dentition Occlusion Analysis proposed for this study. The OI group obtained higher scores in the Discrepancy Index than the control group, indicating a high difficulty of treatment. The most significant differences were found in types III and IV of the disease. Regarding the variables studied, the greatest differences were found in the presence of lateral open bite in patients with OI, and in the variable "others" (agenesis and ectopic eruption). The analysis of primary dentition did not show significant differences between the OI and control groups. Patients with OI have more severe malocclusions than their healthy peers. Malocclusion is related to the severity of the disease and may progress with age.

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INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, patients with physical and/or intellectual disabilities presented greater oral pathology, owing to their condition and to other external factors. Improved social and health conditions make it necessary to update knowledge on their oral and dental health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this purpose, a bibliographic review was done regarding the state of oral health of children with these two types of disability, in comparison with a control group. Some of the guidelines of the PRISMA statement were taken into account. The ranking of the articles found is based on the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The final number of articles evaluated was 14. Parameters such as dental caries, oral hygiene, gingival health, dental traumas, malocclusion and habits were considered. RESULTS: There is no consensus among authors regarding dental caries, oral hygiene and gingival health. The different results obtained are due in part to the fact that the methodologies used were not the same. However, it has been noted that, when studying other parameters and regardless of the methodology employed, the results obtained are similar. CONCLUSIONS: Children with physical and intellectual disabilities constitute a group that needs early and regular dental care in order to prevent and limit the severity of the pathologies observed. KEY WORDS: Oral health, dental caries, malocclusion, oral habits, dental trauma, oral hygiene, disabled child, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome.

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INTRODUCTION: We are currently witnessing an increase in the number of disabled patients, creating the need for knowledge of each of the pathologies and of the different oral and dental conditions they present, in order to achieve efficient management and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the existing scientific literature on the oral conditions of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with sensory deficits (SD), in comparison with the healthy child population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library and included articles taking a sample of children between 0 and 18 years of age diagnosed with the abovementioned disorders and including at least one of the following oral hygiene conditions - oral hygiene, dental caries, malocclusion, oral habits, dental trauma, and gingival-periodontal status - comparing them with a healthy population. RESULTS: A total of 10 articles were obtained for autism spectrum disorder and six for sensory deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the variables studied, only the state of oral, gingival and/or periodontal hygiene can be considered worse in patients with ASD and SD, although we believe a larger number of research studies is needed to corroborate these results. KEY WORDS: Oral health, dental caries, malocclusion, oral habits, dental trauma, oral hygiene, disabled child, autism, autism spectrum disorder, deaf, blind.

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Introducción: Los pacientes con mordida cruzada pueden desarrollar a largo plazo una asimetría esquelética. Considerando esta premisa, nos planteamos si la mordida cruzada puede llegar a provocar cambios óseos cuantificables en edad infantil. El objetivo fundamental de este estudio es determinar si la mordida cruzada unilateral puede producir precozmente, alteraciones óseas cuantificables a nivel del ángulo mandibular. Métodos: Se utilizaron en el estudio las radiografías panorámicas de 217 niños con mordida cruzada unilateral, de edades comprendidas entre 6-9 años y cuyo estadio de dentición fue mixto 1ª fase. Se trazaron, se midieron y se compararon los ángulos goniacos del lado de la mordida cruzada y del lado de la mordida no cruzada, mediante el programa informático tpsDig2 y posteriormente, se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y comparativo. Resultados: Los pacientes con mordida cruzada unilateral derecha presentaban un ángulo mandibular de mayores dimensiones en el lado izquierdo siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Los pacientes con mordida cruzada unilateral izquierda presentaban también mayor el ángulo mandibular izquierdo, aunque en este caso dicha diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: No existió una relación entre el lado de la mordida cruzada y el tamaño óseo mandibular a nivel del ángulo mandibular en niños en dentición mixta 1ª fase

Introduction: Patients with crossbite may develop skeletal asymmetry in the long term. The fundamental aim of this study is to determine whether the unilateral crossbite may produce precocious skeletal alterations that may be quantifiable at the angle of the mandible. Method: 217 panoramic radiographies of children with crossbite were used. The children used in the study were between 6 and9 years old and in the first stage of mixed dentition. All the goniac angles of the cross-bite side and the non-crossbite side were drawn, measured and compared with the computer program tpsDig2. Afterwards, a descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was done. Results: The patients with a right unilateral crossbite presented a bigger goniac angle on their left side, being this difference statistically significant. The patients with a left unilateral crossbite also showed a bigger goniac angle on their left side, but in this case the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: There was no relationship between the side of the crossbite and the size of the mandibular bone at the goniac angle in children in their first stage of mixed dentition

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La osteogénesis imperfecta, también llamada enfermedad de los huesos de cristal, es un desorden caracterizado por una alteración en los tejidos conectivos de todo el cuerpo, incluida la dentición. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la presencia de fracturas y los huesos afectados por las mismas, la presencia de dentinogénesis imperfecta, el tratamiento de la osteogénesis imperfecta y el tipo de bifosfonato administrado. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron las historias clínicas de 17 pacientes con osteogénesis imperfecta. RESULTADOS: El 81% de los pacientes sufrió fracturas, el 24% fueron de fémur, un 53% de los pacientes presentaron dentinogénesis imperfecta, el 71% de los pacientes son tratados con bifosfonatos y en un 83% con pamidronato. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los pacientes ha sufrido fracturas a lo largo de su vida, la dentinogénesis imperfecta se da frecuentemente en estos pacientes y la mayoría de ellos están bajo tratamiento con bifosfonatos

INTRODUCTION: Osteogenesis imperfecta, also called the brittle bone disease, is a disorder characterised by an alteration in the connective tissues of the entire body, including teething. The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of fractures and the bones affected by them, the presence of dentinogenesis imperfecta, the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta and the type of biphosphonate administered. METHODS: The clinical histories of 17 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the patients, 81% suffered fractures, 24% were of the femur, 53% of the patients presented dentinogenesis imperfecta, 71% of the patients are treated with biphosphonates and 83% with pamidronate. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the patients have suffered fractures during their life, the dentinogenesis imperfecta occurs frequently in these patients and the majority of them are under treatment with biphosphonates

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Introducción: El momento de aparición de un diente en la cavidad oral ha sido estudiado, a lo largo de los años, por diversos autores, por su relación con distintos factores (sistémicos y ambientales) y debido a su influencia en diversos ámbitos de la odontología. Material y método: Con el fin de analizar el patrón eruptivo de nuestra población decidimos realizar un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal sobre las características de la erupción de la dentición permanente en 752 niños y adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid (España), de los que el 46,2% eran del sexo masculino y el 53,8% del femenino. Resultados: Observamos que los dientes permanentes emergen en la cavidad oral entre los 6,99 y los 12,45 años de edad en las niñas y entre los 7,06 y los 12,81 años de edad en los niños. En general, no encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al momento de emergencia entre dientes homólogos contra laterales. Observamos que los dientes de la arcada inferior erupcionan antes que los de la superior y que la erupción de la dentición permanente ocurre antes en las niñas que en los niños. Conclusiones: El orden de aparición de los dientes permanentes en ambos sexos fue: primer molar, incisivo central (en el lado derecho; en el izquierdo el incisivo central precede al primer molar), incisivolateral, primer premolar, segundo premolar, canino y segundo molar en la arcadasuperior. Y en la arcada inferior: incisivocentral, primer molar, incisivo lateral, canino, primer premolar, segundo premolar y segundo molar (..) (AU)

Introduction: The moment of appearance of a tooth in the oral cavity has been studied, over the years, by different authors, for its relation to different factors (systemic and environmental) and due to its influence on different areas of dentistry. Material and method: With the aim of analyzing the eruptive pattern of our population, we decided to carry out a descriptive transversal-type study on the characteristics of the eruption of permanent dentition in 752children and adolescents of the Community of Madrid (Spain), of which 46.2% were males and 53.8% were females. Results: We observe that the permanent teeth emerge in the oral cavity between 6.99and 12.45 years of age in the girls and between 7.06 and 12.81 years of age in the boys. In general, we did not find statistically significant differences as regards the moment of emergence of the (..) (AU)

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