RESUMEN
Infectious diseases are a worldwide concern. They are responsible for increasing the mortality rate and causing economic and social problems. Viral epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, force the scientific community to consider molecules with antiviral activity. A number of viral infections still do not have a vaccine or efficient treatment and it is imperative to search for vaccines to control these infections. In this context, nanotechnology in association with the design of vaccines has presented an option for virus control. Nanovaccines have displayed an impressive immune response using a low dosage. This review aims to describe the advances and update the data in studies using nanovaccines and their immunomodulatory effect against human viruses.
Asunto(s)
Nanomedicina/tendencias , Desarrollo de Vacunas/tendencias , Vacunas Virales , Virosis/prevención & control , Inmunidad Adaptativa , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Vacunas de ADN , Vacunas de Subunidad , Vacunas Sintéticas , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Vacunas de ARNmRESUMEN
Nanocapsules (NCS-DOX) with an oily core of selol and a shell of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) covalently conjugated to doxorubicin were developed. These nanocapsules are spherical, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of about 170 nm, and with negative zeta potential. NCS-DOX effectively co-delivered the selol and the doxorubicin into 4T1 cells and changed the intracellular distribution of DOX from the nuclei to the mitochondria. Moreover, a significantly increased cytotoxicity against 4T1 cells was observed, which is suggestive of additive or synergic effect of selol and doxorubicin. In conclusion, PVM/MA nanocapsules are suitable platforms to co-deliver drugs into cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanocápsulas , Compuestos de Selenio , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/patología , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Femenino , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/patología , Ratones , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/patología , Células 3T3 NIH , Nanocápsulas/química , Nanocápsulas/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Selenio/química , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacocinética , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Magnetic exfoliated vermiculite is a synthetic nanocomposite that quickly and efficiently absorbs organic compounds such as oil from water bodies. It was developed primarily to mitigate pollution, but the possible adverse impacts of its application have not yet been evaluated. In this context, the acute toxicity of magnetic exfoliated vermiculite and exfoliated vermiculite was herein assessed by genotoxic and histopathological biomarkers in zebrafish (Danio rerio). DNA fragmentation was statistically significant for all groups exposed to the magnetic exfoliated vermiculite and for fish exposed to the highest concentration (200mg/L) of exfoliated vermiculite, whereas the micronucleus frequency, nuclear abnormalities and histopathological alterations were not statistically significant for the fish exposed to these materials. In the intestinal lumen, epithelial cells and goblet cells, we found the presence of magnetic exfoliated vermiculite and exfoliated vermiculite, but no alterations or presence of the materials-test in the gills or liver were observed. Our findings suggest that the use of magnetic exfoliated vermiculite and exfoliated vermiculite during standard ecotoxicological assays caused DNA damage in D. rerio, whose alterations may be likely to be repaired, indicating that the magnetic nanoparticles have the ability to promote genotoxic damage, such as DNA fragmentation, but not mutagenic effects.