RESUMEN
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis (Basellaceae), grown in Brazil, was studied by means of GC and GC-MS analysis. In all, 19 compounds were identified, accounting for 91.6% of the total oil; hydrocarbons were the main constituents (67.7%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro potential phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of Raphanus sativus L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. At 1.25 microg/mL and 0.625 microg/mL, the oil significantly promoted the germination of S. arvensis. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assayed against ten bacterial strains. The essential oil showed a weak inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive pathogens.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Magnoliopsida/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Herbicidas/química , Herbicidas/farmacología , Magnoliopsida/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The chemical composition of the essential oils of Pereskia aculeata Mill. and P. grandifolia Haw. (Cactaceae), grown in Brazil, was studied by means of GC and GC-MS. In all, 37 compounds were identified, 30 for P. aculeata and 15 for P. grandifolia. Oxygenated diterpenes are the main constituents, both in the oil ofP. grandifolia (55.5%) and in that ofP. aculeata (29.4%). The essential oils were evaluated for their in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of Raphanus sativus L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. The essential oil of P. grandifolia, at all doses tested, significantly inhibited the radicle elongation of R. sativus. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assayed against ten bacterial strains. The essential oils showed weak inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive pathogens.
Asunto(s)
Cactaceae/química , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Brasil , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Twelve essential oils from Mediterranean aromatic plants were tested for their phytotoxic activity, at different doses, against the germination and the initial radicle growth of seeds of Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa and Lepidium sativum. The essential oils were obtained from Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Majorana hortensis, Melissa officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae), Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare and Carum carvi (Apiaceae). The germination and radicle growth of tested seeds were affected in different ways by the oils. Thyme, balm, vervain and caraway essential oils were more active against both germination and radicle elongation.
Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Apiaceae/química , Foeniculum/química , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Lamiaceae/química , Lepidium sativum/efectos de los fármacos , Lepidium sativum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pimpinella/química , Raphanus/efectos de los fármacos , Raphanus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The results of a field study carried out in August and September 1988, in the northern Peruvian Andes are described. The area of investigation extends from Ayabaca City (about 2900m above sea level) to Haughtiness Lagunas (about 3800m above sea level) in the Ayabaca District, Department of Piura. This is the first time that this location has been the subject of an ethnobotanical investigation. We have collected 46 plant species, belonging to 20 families, used in the treatment of various diseases. For each plant, we report the common/local names, the crude drug formulation, method of preparation, dosage and claimed toxicity. The disease concept of this Andean population concerning the "hot" and "cold" aspects of diseases and the plants to treat them, is also discussed. Very important appear to be the use and knowledge of psychoactive plants, in particular "cimoras," Brugmansia and Trichocereus species.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional , Cultura , Recolección de Datos , Humanos , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Perú , Plantas Medicinales/química , Plantas Medicinales/clasificaciónRESUMEN
El aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de Tagetes filifolia Lag. (Asteraceae) del departamento del Cusco, se obtuvo por arrestre de vapor con agua, con un rendimiento del 0,16 por ciento (p/p) relacionado al peso seco. Se reportan las constantes físicas y químicas, los ensayos cromatográficos y espectros cópicos del aceite esencial. Mediante análisis por GC MS. Se identificaron en el aceite esencial como componentes mayoristarios los fenilpropanoides con el Cis-anetol (68) (68,2 por ciento) y el estragol (13,7 por ciento) como principales constituyentes.