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Fístula Cutánea , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Fístula Gástrica , Gastrostomía , Humanos , Fístula Gástrica/etiología , Fístula Gástrica/cirugía , Gastrostomía/métodos , Gastrostomía/efectos adversos , Fístula Cutánea/etiología , Fístula Cutánea/cirugía , Fístula Cutánea/terapia , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/métodos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Remoción de Dispositivos/métodos , Masculino , Técnicas de Sutura , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Gastroscopía/métodosAsunto(s)
Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Humanos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/métodos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/instrumentación , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Masculino , Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Colon Sigmoide/cirugía , Tracción/instrumentación , Tracción/métodos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND &AIM: Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed after a colonoscopy in which no cancer is detected (index colonoscopy). Although the overall cumulative rates of PCCRC are low in both the general population and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, the overall incidence of PCCRC in IBD is greater than that documented in the general population. This study aimed to identify the index colonoscopy-related factors and patients' characteristics influencing IBD-associated PCCRC development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out an observational, retrospective study in which IBD-associated PCCRCs were diagnosed between 2010 and 2023. The PCCRC group was compared to a control cohort of IBD patients without CRC matched 1:1 by several demographic and clinical features as well as characteristics of index colonoscopy to minimize selection bias. RESULTS: Among 61 CRCs identified, 37 (61%) were PCCRC. Twelve of 37 (32%) PCCRC were diagnosed within 12 months after the previous negative colonoscopy, 15 (41%) within 12-36 months, and 10 (27%) within 36-60 months. In the multivariate analysis, the inadequate bowel preparation of the index colonoscopy (OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 11.1- 31.4) and the presence of high-risk factors for CRC (OR: 24.03; 95% CI: 3.1-187.8) were independently associated with PCCRC. Conversely, prior exposure to immunosuppressors/biologics (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.03-0.83) and random biopsies sampling at index colonoscopy (OR:0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.85) were inversely associated with PCCRC. CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of CRCs in our population were PCCRC. PCCRCs were associated with previous inadequate cleansing and occurred more frequently in high-risk patients.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Despite the growing number of highly efficacious biologics and chemical drugs for ulcerative colitis (UC), steroid-free disease control is still difficult to achieve in subgroups of patients due to refractoriness, adverse events, primary or secondary failure. New treatments are therefore still required in order to optimize clinical management of patients with UC. AREAS COVERED: The efficacy and safety of both currently available and newly developed small molecules have been summarized. The PubMed database and clinicaltrials.gov were considered in order to search for phase 2b and 3 trials on new chemical drugs for UC. The study drugs reviewed included Janus kinases (JAK) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1Pr) inhibitors, α4 integrin antagonist, and micro-RNA-124 upregulators. EXPERT OPINION: Rapidity of onset, low immunogenicity, and safety are the main characteristics of small molecules currently available or under evaluation for treatment patients with UC. Among the currently available chemical drugs, the selective JAK and the S1Pr inhibitors are characterized by a good safety profile combined with the ability to induce clinical remission in UC. A relatively low frequency of endoscopic improvement and healing currently appears associated with their use, being higher in UC patients treated with S1Pr inhibitor Etrasimod. Overall, additional new safe and effective drugs are still required in order to optimize disease control in a larger majority of UC patients.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Fármacos Gastrointestinales , Humanos , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/efectos adversos , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Animales , Inhibidores de las Cinasas Janus/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de las Cinasas Janus/farmacología , Receptores de Esfingosina-1-Fosfato/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Esfingosina-1-Fosfato/metabolismo , Moduladores de los Receptores de fosfatos y esfingosina 1/uso terapéutico , Moduladores de los Receptores de fosfatos y esfingosina 1/farmacología , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como AsuntoRESUMEN
In recent years, therapeutic endoscopy has become a fundamental tool in the management of gallbladder diseases in light of its minimal invasiveness, high clinical efficacy, and good safety profile. Both endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (TGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) provide effective internal drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis unfit for cholecystectomy, avoiding the drawbacks of external percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD). The availability of dedicated lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for EUS-guided transluminal interventions contributed to the expansion of endoscopic therapies for acute cholecystitis, making endoscopic gallbladder drainage easier, faster, and hence more widely available. Moreover, EUS-GBD with LAMS opened the possibility of several cholecystoscopy-guided interventions, such as gallstone lithotripsy and clearance. Finally, EUS-GBD has also been proposed as a rescue drainage modality in malignant biliary obstruction after failure of standard techniques, with encouraging results. In this review, we will describe the TBGD and EUS-GBD techniques, and we will discuss the available data on clinical efficacy in different settings in comparison with PGBD. Finally, we will comment on the future perspectives of EUS-GBD, discussing the areas of uncertainty in which new data are more strongly awaited.
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Drenaje , Endosonografía , Humanos , Drenaje/métodos , Endosonografía/métodos , Colecistitis Aguda/cirugía , Vesícula Biliar/cirugía , Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagen , Stents , Endoscopía/métodos , Enfermedades de la Vesícula Biliar/cirugíaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Duodenales , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Neoplasias Intestinales , Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/cirugía , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/patología , Tracción , Neoplasias Duodenales/cirugía , Neoplasias Duodenales/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Traction has become the reference strategy for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). One of its major limitations is that the force of traction decreases as dissection progresses. The ATRACT traction device (ATRACT Device and Co, Lyon, France) uses a pulley system to increase traction during the procedure, making it easier and faster. A retrospective study of 54 cases showed interesting results in terms of efficacy and safety throughout the digestive tract. We sought to confirm these initial results with a prospective study of resections of colorectal lesions. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter study, 5 experienced operators from 3 different centers each performed 10 procedures using the ATRACT device consecutively for all conventional colorectal ESDs measuring between 4 and 10 cm in conventional locations (no recurrent lesions, appendicular, of the ileocecal valve, in contact with the pectinate line, or measuring more than two-thirds of the circumference). RESULTS: Between November 2022 and April 2023, 50 ESDs were performed in 49 patients. On average, the main diameter of the lesions was 66.6 mm, with a surface area of 3066 mm2. The mean operating time was 55.2 minutes, resulting in a mean resection speed of 61.4 mm2/min. En bloc and R0 resection rates were 100% and 98%, respectively. Resections were curative in 94% of cases. Four (8%) perforations occurred, all of which were closed endoscopically without the need for surgery. One (2%) case of delayed hemorrhage was noted. To date, this is the series with the highest resection speeds in the literature for colorectal ESD. For comparison, previous studies reported a speed of 23.5 mm2/min using the "pocket" strategy and a speed of 39.1 mm2/min using the double-clip traction technique. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies and in nonexpert centers. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective evaluation confirms the efficacy and safety of the adaptive traction strategy with the ATRACT device for colorectal ESD with high resection speed.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Tempo Operativo , Tracción , Humanos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/métodos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/instrumentación , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Tracción/métodos , Tracción/instrumentación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colonoscopía/métodos , Mucosa Intestinal/cirugía , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Perforación Intestinal/cirugíaAsunto(s)
Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/cirugía , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/patología , Cicatriz/patología , Endoscopía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Adenoma , Pólipos del Colon , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Humanos , Tracción , Adenoma/cirugíaRESUMEN
Necrotizing pancreatitis is a complex clinical condition burdened with significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the huge progress of interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has allowed a shift in the management of pancreatic necrotic collections from surgical/percutaneous approaches to mini-invasive endoscopic internal drainage and debridement procedures. The development of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs), devices specifically dedicated to transmural EUS interventions, further prompted the diffusion of such techniques. Several studies have reported excellent outcomes of endoscopic interventions, in terms of technical success, clinical efficacy and safety compared to surgical interventions, and thus endoscopic drainage of walled-off necrosis (WON) has become a fundamental tool for the management of such conditions. Despite these advancements, some critical unresolved issues remain. Endoscopic therapeutic approaches to WON are still heterogeneous among different centers and experts. A standardized protocol on indication, timing and technique of endoscopic necrosectomy is still lacking, and experts often adopt a strategy based on personal experience more than robust data from well-conducted studies. In this review, we will summarize the available evidence on endoscopic management of WON and will discuss some unanswered questions in this rapidly evolving field.