RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between residence place, socioeconomic conditions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren from southern Brazil. METHODS: Participants were 9-14-year-old schoolchildren from rural and urban municipal schools from Rosário do Sul, Brazil. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used to assess OHRQoL. A structured questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic condition (family income), residence place (urban or rural), use of dental services, and behavioral variables. Clinical oral examination recorded the presence of missing teeth and the gingival bleeding index. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis with a hierarchical approach assessed the association between predictors and CPQ11-14 scores. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS: A total of 373 schoolchildren were included (rural area=122; urban area=251), with a mean CPQ11-14 score of 11.83, ranging from 0 to 42. Low-income schoolchildren living in rural areas had 15% higher CPQ11-14 scores than high-income schoolchildren living in urban areas. In urban areas, family income predicted OHRQoL, with low-income schoolchildren having 9% higher CPQ11-14 scores than high-income children. In rural areas, schoolchildren with low household income had 19% higher CPQ11-14 scores than high-income children. CONCLUSION: Schoolchildren from low-income families had a poorer OHRQoL irrespective of their area of residence (rural or urban). The association between family income and OHRQoL was more pronounced among children living in rural areas.
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Caries Dental , Calidad de Vida , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Salud Bucal , Instituciones Académicas , Brasil , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between birth weight and rapid weight gain in infancy and markers of overweight/obesity in childhood, using different cutoff values for rapid weight gain. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 98 5-year old pre-school Brazilian children. Rapid weight gain was considered as weight gain in standard deviation score (SDS) above +0.67, +1 and +2 in relation to birth weight, at any time during the first 2 years of life. The nutritional status of the children was determined by anthropometry and electrical bioimpedance. Multiple linear regression analysis was used, considering fat mass percentage, body mass index (BMI), waist and neck circumferences as outcomes. RESULTS: Birth weight, rapid weight gain (assessed by different cutoff values) and maternal obesity were positively associated with increased fat mass percentage, BMI, waist and neck circumferences. Different cutoff values of rapid weight gain did not change the positive associations between rapid weight gain and fat mass percentage (>+0.67 SDS, P=0.007; >+1 SDS, P=0.007; >+2 SDS, P=0.01), BMI (>+0.67 SDS, P=0.002; >+1 SDS, P=0.007; >+2 SDS, P<0.001), waist circumference (>+0.67 SDS, P=0.002; >+1 SDS, P=0.002; >+2 SDS, P<0.001) and neck circumference (>+0.67 SDS, P=0.01; >+1 SDS, P=0.03; >+2 SDS, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of different cutoff values for the definition of rapid weight gain did not interfere in the associations between birth weight and rapid weight gain with fat mass percentage, BMI, waist and neck circumferences. Children with the highest birth weight, those who undergo rapid weight gain in infancy and whose mothers were obese, seemed to be more at risk for overweight/obesity.
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Antropometría/métodos , Peso al Nacer , Composición Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Obesidad Infantil/etiología , Aumento de Peso , Tejido Adiposo , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuello , Sobrepeso , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Riesgo , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate foods microbiological quality in food-service establishments. A total of 620 food samples were obtained from four establishments and analyzed for aerobic mesophilic (AM), yeasts, moulds, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli counts and the presence of Salmonella spp. Drinking water, equipment, surfaces, environment and food handlers were also sampled. E. coli was found in raw vegetables (76.2%), cooked vegetables (15.2%), beef and pork (15.9%), poultry (16.7%), fish (11.8%), desserts (27.3%), equipments (57.9%), surfaces and environment (53.6%) and in 21.9% of food handlers. Survey results were compared with the recommended maximum microbial levels. Our results demonstrate the need for the adoption of more effective hygienic measures in this kind of establishment in order to avoid any risk to consumers.
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Microbiología de Alimentos , Servicios de Alimentación , Sector Privado , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Humanos , Control de Calidad , Venezuela , Microbiología del AguaRESUMEN
We have analyzed 1361 death certificates, during the year of 1982 in Uberlandia (Brazil), all deaths of residents and not deathbirths. In 47% the deaths were assisted by a physician and the cause of death proved. The first basic cause of death found was cardiovascular diseases (23.3%). The second, infectious diseases particularly Chagas' disease (14.9%) and the third traumatic lesions and poisonings (14.4%). Cerebrovascular diseases were the seventh basic cause of death (6.5%) but the third most related disease at the death certificates (12.7%). It is important to stress that the mortality index change considerably if we consider the disease as a basic cause of death or in more than one position in the death certificate. For instance in Uberlandia the index for CVD was 30 and 63/100.000 inab/year, respectively. The carriers of arterial hypertension presented CVD related at death certificate 10 times more than in the not carriers of hypertension.