RESUMEN
The use of in vivo models to assess nephrotoxicity has faced ethical limitations. A viable alternative is the ex vivo model that combines the 3 R principles with the preservation of tissue histology. Here, we established a gentamicin nephrotoxicity model using pigs` kidney explants and investigated the effect of phytic acid (IP6) against gentamicin- induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 360 kidney explants were divided into control, gentamicin (10 mM), IP6 (5 mM), and gentamicin+IP6 groups. The activity of gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine levels, histological assessment, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine expression were analyzed. Exposure to gentamicin induced an increase in GGT activity, creatinine levels, lesion score, lipoperoxidation and IL-8 expression. Explants exposed to IP6 remained like the control. The addition of IP6 to gentamicin prevented tissue damage, increasing the antioxidant status and gene expression of IL-10. This model proved to be an adequate experimental approach for identifying nephrotoxins and potential products to modulate the toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Renales , Insuficiencia Renal , Animales , Porcinos , Ácido Fítico/farmacología , Ácido Fítico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , Creatinina , Riñón , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Gentamicinas/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedades Renales/patologíaRESUMEN
Two thirds of the surface of our planet are covered by water and are still poorly instrumented, which has prevented the earth science community from addressing numerous key scientific questions. The potential to leverage the existing fiber optic seafloor telecom cables that criss-cross the oceans, by using them as dense arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors, remains to be evaluated. Here, we report Distributed Acoustic Sensing measurements on a 41.5 km-long telecom cable that is deployed offshore Toulon, France. Our observations demonstrate the capability to monitor with unprecedented details the ocean-solid earth interactions from the coast to the abyssal plain, in addition to regional seismicity (e.g., a magnitude 1.9 micro-earthquake located 100 km away) with signal characteristics comparable to those of a coastal seismic station.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene has emerged as a potential susceptibility gene for non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association of IRF6 rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms with NSCL/P in a Brazilian population. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-eight patients affected by NSCL/P and 126 healthy individuals were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. RESULTS: Overall genotype distributions of rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms were as expected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. The rs2235371 polymorphic genotype GA was identified in 10.1% of the patients with NSCL/P and in 10.3% of the control group, revealing no statistical difference. Similarly, the frequency of rs642961 minor genotypes (GA and AA) was quite similar between control group (28.6%) and NSCL/P group (25.4%), without significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our findings are consistent with a lack of involvement of IRF6 rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms in the NSCL/P pathogenesis in the Brazilian population.
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Labio Leporino/genética , Fisura del Paladar/genética , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adenina , Alelos , Brasil , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Genotipo , Guanina , Haplotipos , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción/genéticaRESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora of the skin, mucosa and nasopharynx of several animal species, including man, but it is also associated to illnesses such as abscesses, bacteremia, endocarditis and osteomyelitis, besides showing resistance to multiple drugs. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the disinfecting ability of ozone when dissolved in water. Suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus with concentrations varying from 10(6) to 10(16) microorganisms/ml were prepared. One milliliter of each recently prepared suspension was added to 99 ml of distilled water (with or without previous ozonization) contained in a crystal reactor. Aliquots of 0.1 ml of this new suspension were taken at various time intervals and, then, serially diluted and inoculated on plaques. The data indicated that there was difference in the disinfecting effect when distilled water was used with and without previous ozonization.
Asunto(s)
Ozono/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Esterilización , Soluciones Farmacéuticas , AguaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To study the early hemodynamic effects of the rapid infusion of 7.5g/dl NaCl/ 6g/dl dextran-70 solution in dogs submitted to hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and a electromagnetic flowmeter probe was placed around the ascending aorta or the portal vein. By external bleeding the arterial pressure was lowered to 40mmHg and held for 30min. The animals received a 4ml/kg infusion of the hypertonic solution in 90s. Arterial blood pressure and flow were registered continuously during 3min and the derived hemodynamic variables were calculated at regular time intervals. RESULTS: The total plasma protein concentration decreased and the cardiac output showed a continuous elevation during the infusion. The arterial blood pressure showed two oscillations and then decreased during a short period of time. This moment was coincident with the initial increase of the portal flow and preceded the elevation of the systemic vascular resistance and the arterial pressure. CONCLUSION: The rapid infusion of hypertonic NaCl/dextran solution to dogs in hemorrhagic shock determines immediate and intense hemodynamic effects. During the infusion period there is volemic expansion and the cardiac output increases rapidly. The arterial pressure shows oscillations and decreases as a consequence of visceral arterial dilation before starting its final elevation that occurs as the vascular resistance increases.
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Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Gasto Cardíaco/fisiología , Dextranos/administración & dosificación , Solución Salina Hipertónica/administración & dosificación , Choque Hemorrágico/fisiopatología , Resistencia Vascular/fisiología , Animales , Perros , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Masculino , Choque Hemorrágico/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the hemodynamic and pathologic effects of the right coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized dogs submitted to pericardiotomy. METHODS: Ten mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and submitted to a right thoracotomy, pericardiotomy and ligation of the right coronary artery. The pericardium was kept opened throughout the entire experiment. The circulatory pressures and the cardiac output were determined twice before and three times after the right coronary artery ligation. The hearts were then excised, barium was injected in the coronary arteries and radiographs were taken to confirm the artery occlusion. Three dogs were kept alive to later pathologic examination of the hearts. RESULTS: The observation of the radiographs showed proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery and absence of the right ventricle free wall vascularization. There was ischemic necrosis of about three quarters of this area, whereas the septum was normal. The cardiac index and the systemic mean arterial decreased 14% without significant variation of the central venous and the pulmonary artery pressures, although marked right ventricular dilation was observed. CONCLUSION: The proximal right coronary artery ligation in the dog determines ischemia and infarction of the right ventricular free wall, without affecting the interventricular septum. There are few hemodynamic consequences with open pericardium and at rest.
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Enfermedad Coronaria/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Función Ventricular Derecha/fisiología , Animales , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Enfermedad Coronaria/patología , Perros , Femenino , Ligadura/efectos adversos , Masculino , NecrosisRESUMEN
Being the surface roughness a fundamental property in the fit of the castings, it was determined the roughness of 5 high-copper casting alloys, according to the heating over their melting temperature. That way, the specimens made with smooth plastic in the shape of a rectangular plate, 2 mm x 7 mm x 11 mm were invested into a cristobalite investment. After heating and elimination on the plastic, the molds were filled by 3 g of molten alloy, casted in a electrical casting machine at the casting temperature at 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C overheating. The surface roughness was measured in a roughness analyser, Talysurf. As a result, it was verified that there is a variation of surface roughness among the alloys tested, and the heating of the alloys until 50 degrees C over the melting temperature does not interfere in the roughness.
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Aleaciones Dentales , Técnica de Colado Dental , Cobre , Propiedades de Superficie , TemperaturaRESUMEN
It was evaluated the castability of four copper-aluminium alloy according the melting casting method used. The specimens were made using polyester mesh screen, with 11 x 11 filaments of 0.26 mm thick, fixed along of two adjacent edges in wax bar, with the sprue attached at their junction. The alloys were in an electrical casting machine and a centrifugal casting machine with an air/gas torch. The castability values were obtained by the percentage of completed segments of the resulting cast alloy screen. It was verified that the use of the electrical casting machine produced higher castability values to the copper-aluminium alloys than those produced by a centrifugal casting machine with an air/gas torch.
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Aleaciones Dentales , Técnica de Colado Dental , Aluminio , CobreRESUMEN
It was evaluated the Vickers hardness of five high-copper casting alloys, in their original package form and after casting, according to the casting method used. That way, ten ingots, supplied by the manufacturers of each alloy, were included in self-curing acrylic resin, polished, numerated and submitted to Vickers hardness test at load of 200 g during 30 seconds. Afterwards the numerated ingots were removed from the acrylic resin and five of those were cast in an electrical casting machine and the other five in a centrifugal casting machine with an air/gas torch. The specimens obtained were included in self-curing acrylic resin, polished and submitted to Vickers hardness test. As a result it was verified that there is a variation of hardness among the alloys tested, and the use of the electrical casting machine produced lower hardness values than those produced when used the centrifugal casting machine with an air/gas torch. Also, there is a decrease of hardness of the cast alloys when they are tested in their original form and after casting.