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BACKGROUND: Quercetin has potential against the Multidrug Resistance (MDR) phenotype, but with low bioavailability. The increase in the bioavailability can be obtained with nanostructures. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of quercetin and its nanoemulsion on MDR and non-MDR cells. METHODS: We used high-pressure homogenization for nanoemulsion production; Trypan Blue for cytostatic/cytotoxicity assays; Epifluorescence microscope (with specific probes) for apoptosis and DNA damage; Real-Time PCR for gene expression; AutoDock Vina for docking and Flow Cytometry for efflux analysis. Quercetin exerted antiproliferative impact, induced apoptosis, necrosis and DNA damage on cells. RESULTS: Quercetin combined with vincristine showed an effect similar to verapamil (an ABCB1 inhibitor), and docking showed that it binds to ABCB1 in a similar region. Quercetin was also capable of altering ABCB1 gene expression. Quercetin in nanoemulsion maintained the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of quercetin, which may increase bioavailability. Besides, the unloaded nanoemulsion was able to inhibit per se the efflux activity of ABCB1, demonstrating pharmacological action of this structure. CONCLUSION: Quercetin may be considered as a prospective drug to overcome resistance in cancer cells and its nanoemulsion can be an alternative for in vivo application.

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La osteonecrosis del maxilar inferior secundaria a la administración de bifosfonatos es una patología infrecuente. Se produce en los pacientes medicados con esta droga, ya sea por vía oral o endovenosa, que luego de realizarse un procedimiento odontológico presentan necrosis ósea en la mandíbula. Desde el primer reporte en el año 2003, se evidenció un crecimiento exponencial de esta patología. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de osteonecrosis del maxilar inferior por la administración de bifosfonatos, con el objetivo de difundir y crear conciencia entre los profesionales de la salud, considerando que no existe un tratamiento efectivo para esta entidad.(AU)

The osteonecrosis of the jaw originated by the biphosphonate administration is an infrequent pathology in patients under treatment with biophosphonates given orally or through parenteral administration after some odontological treatment. These patients manifested osteonecrosis of the jaw. Since the first case of osteonecrosis of the maxilar bone was reported in 2003, the number of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who have been treated with these drugs has increased notoriously. We report 2 clinical cases of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw treated with bifosfonatos, in order to make this pathology known among the health professionals and raise awareness considering that there is no effective treatment.(AU)

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La osteonecrosis del maxilar inferior secundaria a la administración de bifosfonatos es una patología infrecuente. Se produce en los pacientes medicados con esta droga, ya sea por vía oral o endovenosa, que luego de realizarse un procedimiento odontológico presentan necrosis ósea en la mandíbula. Desde el primer reporte en el año 2003, se evidenció un crecimiento exponencial de esta patología. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de osteonecrosis del maxilar inferior por la administración de bifosfonatos, con el objetivo de difundir y crear conciencia entre los profesionales de la salud, considerando que no existe un tratamiento efectivo para esta entidad.

The osteonecrosis of the jaw originated by the biphosphonate administration is an infrequent pathology in patients under treatment with biophosphonates given orally or through parenteral administration after some odontological treatment. These patients manifested osteonecrosis of the jaw. Since the first case of osteonecrosis of the maxilar bone was reported in 2003, the number of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who have been treated with these drugs has increased notoriously. We report 2 clinical cases of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw treated with bifosfonatos, in order to make this pathology known among the health professionals and raise awareness considering that there is no effective treatment.

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Onion (Allium cepa) is being studied as a potential anticancer agent, but little is known regarding its effect in multidrug resistance (MDR) cells. In this work, the cytotoxicity of crude onion extract (OE) and fractioned extract (aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate), as well as some onion compounds (quercetin and propyl disulfide) were evaluated in Lucena MDR human erythroleukemic and its K562 parental cell line. The capacity of OE to induce apoptosis and/or necrosis in these cells, the possible participation of oxidative stress and DNA damage were also assessed. Similar sensitivities were obtained for both tumoral cells, however only OE caused significant effects in the cells. In K562 cells, a significant increase of apoptosis was verified while the Lucena cells experienced a significant increase of necrosis. An antioxidant capacity was verified for OE discarding oxidative damage. However, OE provoked similar significant DNA damage in both cell lines. Thus, the OE capacity to overcome the MDR phenotype suggests anti-MDR action of OE.

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Onion (Allium cepa) is being studied as a potential anticancer agent, but little is known regarding its effect in multidrug resistance (MDR) cells. In this work, the cytotoxicity of crude onion extract (OE) and fractioned extract (aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate), as well as some onion compounds (quercetin and propyl disulfide) were evaluated in Lucena MDR human erythroleukemic and its K562 parental cell line. The capacity of OE to induce apoptosis and/or necrosis in these cells, the possible participation of oxidative stress and DNA damage were also assessed. Similar sensitivities were obtained for both tumoral cells, however only OE caused significant effects in the cells. In K562 cells, a significant increase of apoptosis was verified while the Lucena cells experienced a significant increase of necrosis. An antioxidant capacity was verified for OE discarding oxidative damage. However, OE provoked similar significant DNA damage in both cell lines. Thus, the OE capacity to overcome the MDR phenotype suggests anti-MDR action of OE.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la concordancia de los resultados obtenidos por promotores de salud de áreas rurales de la Amazonía peruana con los obtenidos por profesionales de laboratorio, al aplicar una prueba rápida immunocromatográfica para el diagnóstico de la malaria. Material y métodos: Se evaluó la concordancia entre los resultados de la aplicación de una prueba rápida ejecutada por promotores de salud de 20 comunidades rurales de la selva de Iquitos (Loreto), en comparación con la ejecutada por profesionales de laboratorio. Esta evaluación se realizó en dos etapas: la primera en el laboratorio, se examinaron 618 muestras con concentraciones conocidas de parásitos y la segunda en el campo, en donde se examinaron 419 pacientes. La prueba utilizada se basa en la detección de la deshidrogenasa láctica del Plasmodium y del P. vivax, mediante tiras reactivas. Resultados: En la primera etapa de las 618 muestras examinadas 121 fueron negativas y 497 positivas (251 para P. falciparum y 246 para P. vivax). Al comparar los dos grupos, se encontró una sensibilidad de 88,5 por ciento, especificidad de 90,1 por ciento e índice de concordancia Kappa de 0,689. En la segunda etapa, de los 419 pacientes febriles, 156 correpondieron a casos de la malaria (53 por P. falciparum y 103 por P. vivax). La sensibilidad, especificidad e índice Kappa fueron 94,4 por ciento, 96,5 por ciento y 0,99 respectivamente. El tiempo promedio de ejecución de la prueba por parte del promotor de salud fue de 25 minutos. Conclusiones: se encontró concordancia en los resultados de ambos grupos. El estudio muestra que el uso de pruebas rápidas sería una alternativa apropiada y aplicable para el diagnóstico oportuno de la malaria en áreas rurales de la selva con limitado acceso a los servicios de salud.

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Nine patients in which an intranasal GnRH agonist analog (napharelin acetate) was administered with the purpose of decreasing the size of the myomas, were studied. In all a decrement in uterine and myoma size was observed. The FSH levels decreased since the first treated cycle, whereas LH and E2 levels initially increase, but finally decreased. The patients had menstrual bleeding between four and eight weeks after napharelin withdrawal. The mentioned results elicit the effectivity of GnRH agonist analog for leomyomata treatment.

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Innovative technologies for producing minimally processed (MP) foods that apply the concept of combination of preservation factors are addressed in this article with special emphasis on a new combined approach that has been successfully applied in several Latin American countries for MP high-moisture fruit products (HMFP). HMFP can be regarded as a different approach to the commercially available and widely accepted MP concept for fruits and vegetables (even if developed for the same purpose of obtaining freshlike high-quality products with an extended shelf life) that is better adapted to Latin American countries in terms of independence of the chill chain and the use of simple and energy-efficient technologies. The continuous refrigeration hurdle associated with MP refrigerated fruits is not included in the preservation system of HMFP because a different combination of hurdles must be overcome to enhance the shelf stability of nonrespiring vegetable tissues while preserving freshlike character. Guidelines to obtain safe and high-quality MP fruit products are proposed. Other products preserved by combined factors technology are also discussed, as well as some other classical and new preservation factors whose application could enhance the quality of HMFP.

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Media have paid much attention in recent years to emerging microbiological problems in foods of plant origin. The potential for contamination of fruits and vegetables is high because of the wide variety of conditions to which produce is exposed during growth, harvest, processing and distribution. These considerations acquire great significance in the current scenario of the new processing techniques that offer attributes of convenience and fresh-likeness in response to changes in consumption patterns and increased demand of fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables. Thus, reliance on low temperature storage and on improved packaging materials/techniques have increased. Even if produce had not been considered a major vector for foodborne diseases, technologies that extend shelf-life by decreasing the rate of product deterioration might increase the risks associated with pathogenic microorganisms, especially of psychotropic nature, by allowing sufficient time for their growth when retarding the development of competitive spoilage organisms. Processing steps that modify the food microenvironment open new possibilities to support pathogens that, for ecological reason, would have never been naturally present in produce. Ecological and safety aspects related to fruits and vegetables as well as foodborne disease outbreaks traceable to produce and reportedly due to Salmonella and Shigella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Campylobacter jejuni are reviewed.

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Twenty chemicals were screened for their effectiveness in restricting colony spreading by four strains of a xerophilic mold, Eurotium amstelodami, on dichloran-18% glycerol agar. Triton X-100, Triton X-301, Tergitol NP-7, and Tergitol 15-S-3 (each at 200 mug/ml) and 1,000 mug of sodium deoxycholate, 1 mug of iprodione, 0.1 mug of propiconazole, and 0.01 mug of Maxim per ml were judged to be most effective for restricting the rate of colony spreading.

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The diagnosis of a corneal keloid should be suspected in any case of a protuberant corneal mass with a past history of a perforating wound or surgical trauma. A corneal biopsy may confirm the diagnosis, and in selected cases where there is complete corneal involvement by the keloid, a sclerokeratoplasty can be performed as an alternative procedure to enucleation to preserve the globe and allow useful vision.

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The authors review twelve cases of chronic hepatitis seen at the IMSS hospital in Puebla in a span of three years. They analyze and compare clinical, laboratory and biopsy data with special emphasis on the microscopic evolution of the disease and the response to different therapeutic regimes. Gamma-globulins were elevated in 80% and hepatitis B antigen in 50%. RIA is more sensitive than contra-immune electrophoresis. In six cases the diagnosis was of active chronic hepatitis and two of these developed towards cirrhosis; one became chronic persistent hepatitis and the other three are stationary and well controlled with prednisone. One patient died with a clinical picture of portal-systemic encephalitis. The six cases of persistent chronic hepatitis evolved towards a spontaneous cure.

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