RESUMEN
Few studies have investigated the role of fruit and vegetable consumption in the aetiology of NIDDM. This study was underaken to investigate the association between salad and fruit consumption and glucose intolerance. 1122 subjects aged 40-60 years in a population-based cross-sectional study underwent an oral glucose tolerance test between 1990 amd 1992. Diet was assesses using the "Health and Lifestyle Survey" food frequency questionnaire. The crude prevalence of underdiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 4.5 percent and IGT 16.8 percent. Abnormal glucose tolerance was positively associated with age, obesity, family history of diabetes, and socioeconomic groups. High consumption of salads in winter (OR = 0.29, 95 percent CI=0.09-0.95) and summer (OR=0.40, 95 percent CI=0.22-0.74) was inversely associated with the risk of having NIDDM. This association was maintained after adjustment for age, sex and family history. A non-significant inverse association between high comsumption of fruit and NIDDM (summer OR=0.55, 95 percent CI=0.29-1.06); winter OR=0.56 95 percent CI=0.31-1.01) was observed. Whether the association between high frequency of consumption of salads ad NIDDM represents a causal relationship or if salad comsumption is a marker of a "health lifestyle" remains to be elucidated. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diabetes Mellitus , Plantas , FrutasRESUMEN
A prevalence survey of adverse reproductive outcomes was carried out in a population of 8867 persons (2951 men and 5916 women) who had been working in the floriculture industry in the Bogotá area of Colombia for at least six months. These workers were exposed to 127 different types of pesticides. The prevalence rates for abortion, prematurity, stillbirths, and malformations were estimated for pregnancies occurring among the female workers and the wives of the male workers before and after they started working in floriculture, and these rates were related to various degrees of exposure. A moderate increase in the prevalence of abortion, prematurity, and congenital malformations was detected for pregnancies occurring after the start of work in floriculture.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos/epidemiología , Agricultura , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Captano/efectos adversos , Colombia , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/inducido químicamente , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
There is a cluster of high-incidence areas of oesophageal cancer in south-eastern South America, including Southern Brazil, Uruguay and parts of Argentina. The present case-control study investigated the hypothesis that this may be due to the drinking of maté, a traditional beverage drunk at a very high temperature, and also studied the role of other known risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco. Cases (171) and age- and sex-matched controls (342) were recruited from hospitals in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil. The crude odds ratio for daily maté drinkers was 1.92 relative to those drinking less frequently than daily (p = 0.006). Other risk factors included the drinking of cachaça (a sugar cane spirit), smoking, rural residence, low fruit consumption and high intake of meats. After adjustment for these variables through conditional logistic regression, the odds ratio associated with daily maté drinking was reduced to 1.47 (90% CI = 0.87-2.50). Although the study failed to provide evidence of a strong association between maté and oesophageal cancer, the cluster of high rates could be explained by relative risks of the magnitude observed. This is due to the fact that approximately 70% of adult males and 50% of females are daily drinkers. In addition, this study revealed that alcohol, tobacco smoking and rural residence are the main risk factors for oesophageal cancer in this population and the fruit consumption confers some degree of protection.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas/efectos adversos , Quemaduras/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Análisis de Varianza , Brasil , Ingestión de Líquidos , Femenino , Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fumar , Factores Socioeconómicos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The worldwide occurence of esophageal cancer is reviewed, together with the epidemiological information on its causation. The data strongly suggest the factors associated with poverty and specific limitations of dietary intake increase susceptibility for this disease.