RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of stress, economic factors, altruism, and value congruence on intentions to leave jobs and the nursing profession. BACKGROUND: Retaining nurses will be critical for healthcare organizations as the demand for nurses increases. Regulation and cost pressures are changing the nursing work environment. METHODS: We surveyed 861 RNs in the southeastern United States. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the survey. RESULTS: Results confirm the importance of stress and salaries and underscore the impact of both value congruence and altruism. Evidence shows a correlation between altruistic desires and intentions to leave the profession. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to retain nurses should include matching nurse and organizational values. Initiatives need to be undertaken to increase professional autonomy and provide opportunities for the expression of altruism. Further research is indicated to investigate the unexpected result that highly altruistic nurses are leaving the profession.
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Altruismo , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/organización & administración , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Satisfacción Personal , Reorganización del Personal , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sudeste de Estados Unidos , Estrés Psicológico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This article explores factors that influence a nurse's choice between working in a rural and an urban area. Understanding how nurses make the choice of which type of environment is critical to addressing this shortage, especially in these hardest hit rural areas. A comprehensive literature review suggested a number of factors worthy of investigation. These factors were assessed through six focus groups and a survey. Results suggest that native geographic preferences dominate, but that value congruence, economics, work facilities and stress all play a significant role in the decision when choosing between an urban and rural work environment.
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Enfermeras y Enfermeros/provisión & distribución , Recolección de Datos , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Área sin Atención Médica , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/economía , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Selección de Personal , Servicios de Salud Rural , Población Rural , Salarios y Beneficios , Estados Unidos , Servicios Urbanos de Salud , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements of the Ocular Blood Flow (OBF) pneumotonometer, Goldmann applanation tonometer, and Tono-Pen in eyes with normal corneas of various thicknesses. METHODS: IOP was measured with an OBF pneumotonometer, Tono-Pen and Goldmann applanation tonometer in random order in 181 eyes with normal corneas. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using an ultrasonic pachymeter after all IOP determinations had been made. Right and left eyes were analyzed separately for statistical purposes. RESULTS: With all instruments, IOP varied with CCT, even though the variation in IOP was large. Readings with the OBF pneumotonometer showed a mean increase in IOP with increasing CCT of 0.28 mm Hg/10 microm, an increase of 0.23 mm Hg/10 microm with the Goldmann tonometer, and of 0.10 mm Hg/10 microm with the Tono-Pen. The OBF pneumotonometer consistently recorded comparatively higher IOPs than the other two instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The Tono-Pen is least affected by CCT when used to measure IOP in eyes with normal corneas. The OBF pneumotonometer appears to be more affected by variation in CCT than the Goldmann tonometer. This is contrary to expectations, based on the mechanism of measurement of IOP of the OBF pneumotonometer.
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Córnea/anatomía & histología , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Tonometría Ocular/métodos , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tonometría Ocular/normasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate suitability of moiré interferometry to assess and quantify laser-induced shrinkage of scleral collagen for buckling procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scleral buckling of human cadaver eyes was investigated using a Coherent Ultrapulse CO2 laser. Projection moiré interferometry was employed to determine the out-of plane displacement produced by laser exposure, and in-situ optical microscopy of reference markers on the eye was used to measure in-plane shrinkage. RESULTS: Measurements based on moiré interferometry allow a three dimensional view of shape changes in the eye surface as laser treatment proceeds. Out-of-plane displacement reaches up to 1.5 mm with a single laser spot exposure. In-plane shrinkage reached a maximum of around 30%, which is similar to that reported by Sasoh et al (Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1998;29:410) for a Tm:YAG laser. CONCLUSION: The moiré technique is found to be suitable for quantifying the effects of CO2 laser scleral shrinkage and buckling. This can be further developed to provide a standardized method for experimental investigations of other laser sources for scleral shrinkage.