RESUMEN
Although the biochemical composition and biological properties of the volatile fraction of the halophyte sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) have been largely described, little is known about its polar constituents and bioactivities. Here, a hydromethanolic extract of Crithmum maritimum (L.) leaves was fractionated, and the fractions were evaluated in vitro for antioxidant (using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP bioassays), anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages), antidiabetic (alpha-glucosidase inhibition), neuroprotective (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase), and skin-protective (tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitions) activities. Polar fractions of the extract were rich in phenolics and, correlatively, displayed a strong antioxidant power. Moreover, fractions eluted with MeOH20 and MeOH80 exhibited a marked inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.02 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively), MeOH60 fractions showed a strong capacity to reduce NO production in macrophages (IC50 = 6.4 µg/mL), and MeOH80 and MeOH100 fractions had strong anti-tyrosinase activities (630 mgKAE/gDW). NMR analyses revealed the predominance of chlorogenic acid in MeOH20 fractions, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in MeOH40 fractions, and 3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-glucoside, 3-O-galactoside, and 3-O-robinobioside derivatives of quercetin in MeOH60 fractions. These compounds likely account for the strong antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of sea-fennel polar extract, respectively. Overall, our results make sea fennel a valuable source of medicinal or nutraceutical agents to prevent diabetes, inflammation processes, and oxidative damage.
RESUMEN
A new flavonoid, 5,7,2',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (12) and twelve known derivatives: an aryltetralin-lignan (3), seven flavonoids (4-5, 7-10, 13) and four phenolic acids (1-2, 6, 11) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Helianthemum getulum Pomel. (Cistaceae family) an endemic species to the septentrional Sahara that is being studied for the first time. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was established by means of spectroscopic methods especially NMR and Mass Spectrometry. In vitro antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, GOR and CUPRAC assays) and antidiabetic (micro-dilution method) activities of the crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds were performed. The new flavonol (12) and Compounds (2, 3, 7, 9) were found to be the most active, some of them exhibiting better activity than the antioxidant standards. Compounds 7, 9 and 3 showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to standard acarbose (IC50= 2.70 ± 0.03 µM, 3.09 ± 0.03 µM, 37.28 ± 1.20 µM and 275.43 ± 1.59 µM, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Cistaceae , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cistaceae/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Twelve halophyte species belonging to different families, widely represented along French Atlantic shoreline and commonly used in traditional medicine, were screened for protective activities against mycotoxins, in order to set out new promising sources of natural ingredients for feed applications. Selected halophytic species from diverse natural habitats were examined for their in vitro anti-mycotoxin activities, through viability evaluation of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell lines. Besides, the in vitro antioxidant activities of plant extracts were assessed (total antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging bioassays). Of the 12 species, Galium arenarium, Convolvulus soldanella and Eryngium campestre exhibited the most protective action on MDBK and IPEC-J2 cells against zearalenone (ZEN) or T2 toxin contamination (restoring about 75% of cell viability at 10 µg·mL-1) without inflammation response. They also had strong antioxidant capacities (Inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) < 100 µg·mL-1 for DPPH radical and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 100 to 200 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE)·g-1 Dry Weight), suggesting that cell protection against intoxication involves antioxidant action. A bio-guided study showed that fractions of G. arenarium extract protect MDBK cells against T2 or ZEN toxicity and several major compounds like chlorogenic acid and asperuloside could be involved in this protective effect. Overall, our results show that the halophytes G. arenarium, C. soldanella and E. campestre should be considered further as new sources of ingredients for livestock feed with protective action against mycotoxin intoxication.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Micotoxinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Tolerantes a la Sal/química , Animales , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Citoprotección , Micotoxinas/toxicidad , Plantas Tolerantes a la Sal/metabolismo , PorcinosRESUMEN
Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes causes free radicals overproduction, which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In modern medicine, no satisfactory therapy is available to cure diabetes mellitus. In that context, we investigated the potential therapeutic action of spirulina-enriched diet on renal impairment and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (120 mg·kg-1) in rats. Following alloxan treatment, male Wistar rats were fed daily with 5% spirulina-enriched diet or treated with insulin (0.5 IU·rat-1) for 3 weeks. Diabetes was associated with hyperglycemia, increase in renal oxidative parameters (lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein products levels, changes in antioxidant enzyme activities), and nephropathology markers. The renal injury induced by alloxan was confirmed by histological study of the diabetic rat kidney. Treatment with spirulina or insulin significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, while rats recovered normal kidney histology. Overall, this study indicates that spirulina is efficient in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induced by diabetes, and suggests that the administration of this alga may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications. This amelioration was even more pronounced than that caused by insulin injection.
Asunto(s)
Aloxano , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/dietoterapia , Nefropatías Diabéticas/prevención & control , Suplementos Dietéticos , Riñón/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Estrés Oxidativo , Spirulina , Alimentación Animal , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/sangre , Nefropatías Diabéticas/inducido químicamente , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Insulina/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonilación Proteica , Ratas Wistar , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
DMSP (dimethylsulfoniopropionate) is an ecologically important sulfur metabolite commonly produced by marine algae and by some higher plant lineages, including the polyploid salt marsh genus Spartina (Poaceae). The molecular mechanisms and genes involved in the DMSP biosynthesis pathways are still unknown. In this study, we performed comparative analyses of DMSP amounts and molecular phylogenetic analyses to decipher the origin of DMSP in Spartina that represents one of the major source of terrestrial DMSP in coastal marshes. DMSP content was explored in 14 Spartina species using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Putative genes encoding the four enzymatic steps of the DMSP biosynthesis pathway in Spartina were examined and their evolutionary dynamics were studied. We found that the hexaploid lineage containing S. alterniflora, S. foliosa and S. maritima and their derived hybrids and allopolyploids are all able to produce DMSP, in contrast to species in the tetraploid clade. Thus, examination of DMSP synthesis in a phylogenetic context implicated a single origin of this physiological innovation, which occurred in the ancestor of the hexaploid Spartina lineage, 3-6MYA. Candidate genes specific to the Spartina DMSP biosynthesis pathway were also retrieved from Spartina transcriptomes, and provide a framework for future investigations to decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in this plant phenotypic novelty that has major ecological impacts in saltmarsh ecosystems.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Poaceae/metabolismo , Compuestos de Sulfonio/metabolismo , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/clasificación , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/genética , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Carboxiliasas/clasificación , Carboxiliasas/genética , Carboxiliasas/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Metiltransferasas/clasificación , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-NH/clasificación , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-NH/genética , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-NH/metabolismo , Filogenia , Poaceae/clasificación , Poaceae/genética , Poliploidía , Compuestos de Sulfonio/análisisRESUMEN
Lead (Pb) exposure is considered as a risk factor responsible for renal impairment in humans. On the other hand, the halophyte Sarcocornia perennis is a fresh vegetable crop suitable for leafy vegetable production. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro protective activity of S. perennis against lead-induced damages in HEK293 kidney cells. Morphological and biochemical indicators were used to assess cytotoxicity and oxidative damages caused by Pb treatment on the cells. Our results showed that lead induced (1) a decrease in cell viability (MTT), (2) cell distortion and cohesion loss, (3) superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation. Conversely, addition of S. perennis extract to the lead-containing medium alleviated every above syndrome. Thus, cell survival was increased and the production of reactive oxygen species caused by Pb treatment was inhibited. Taken together, our study revealed that S. perennis has potent cytoprotective effect against Pb-induced toxicity in HEK 293 cell. Such action would proceed through the decrease in ROS levels and resulting oxidative stress, which suggests a potential interest of this halophyte in the treatment of oxidative-stress related diseases.
Asunto(s)
Amaranthaceae/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Plomo/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Tolerantes a la Sal/química , Verduras/química , Antioxidantes/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citoprotección , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study was aimed at evaluating the toxic effects of a prenatal exposure to lead acetate on brain tissues of newborn rats, and potent protective effects of spirulina (Arthropira platensis) or dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) added to rat diet. Female rats were given a normal diet (control) or a diet enriched with spirulina or dandelion. Additionally, lead acetate was administered to one half of these rats through drinking water from the 5th day of gestation, to day 14 postpartum. Lead toxicity was assessed by measuring blood lead levels, brain weight, tissue damage, as well as protein content, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in brain tissues of neonates. Lead poisoning of mothers caused lead deposition in the brain and cerebellum of newborns and cerebellum tissue damages. Moreover, a significant decrease in weight and protein content of these tissues was found. Oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in brain tissues were also recorded. Conversely, no such damages or biochemical changes were found in neonates from plant fed lead-poisoned mothers. These results strongly suggest that beneficial effects of spirulina- or dandelion-added diet on lead-intoxicated rats proceeded through the reduction of the lead-induced oxidative stress and related damages.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta , Intoxicación por Plomo/prevención & control , Plomo/toxicidad , Exposición Materna , Spirulina , Taraxacum , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Encéfalo/enzimología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cerebelo/enzimología , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Femenino , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
A natural compound, glucocochlearin, was isolated from the aerial parts of 10 different Cochlearia species. The purification of this compound was achieved through HPLC. The identity of the product was established mainly on the basis of spectroscopic NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC, J-MOD) and high resolution mass spectroscopy data. This compound can be considered as a chemomarker of the genus Cochlearia.