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In this study, the interaction of the human hemoglobin with cost effective and chemically fabricated CdS quantum dots (QDs) (average sizes ≈3nm) has been investigated. The semiconductor QDs showed maximum visible absorption at 445 nm with excitonic formation and band gap of ≈ 2.88 eV along with hexagonal crystalline phase. The binding of QDs-Hb occurs through corona formation to the ground sate complex formation. The life time of the heme pocket binding and reorganization were found to be t1 = 43 min and t2 = 642 min, respectively. The emission quenching of the Hb has been indicated large energy transfer between CdS QDs and Hb with tertiary deformation of Hb. The binding thermodynamics showed highly exothermic nature. The ultrafast decay during corona formation was studied from TCSPC. The results showed that the energy transfer efficiency increases with the increase of the QDs concentration and maximum ≈71.5 % energy transfer occurs and average ultrafast lifetime varies from 5.45 ns to1.51 ns. The deformation and unfolding of the secondary structure of Hb with changes of the α-helix (≈74 % to ≈51.07 %) and ß-sheets (≈8.63 % to ≈10.25 %) have been observed from circular dichroism spectrum. The SAXS spectrum showed that the radius of gyration of CdS QDs-Hb bioconjugate increased (up to 23 ± 0.45 nm) with the increase of the concentration of QDs compare with pure Hb (11 ± 0.23 nm) and Hb becoming more unfolded.

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Compuestos de Cadmio , Transferencia de Energía , Hemoglobinas , Desplegamiento Proteico , Puntos Cuánticos , Sulfuros , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Humanos , Compuestos de Cadmio/química , Sulfuros/química , Sulfuros/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas/química , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Termodinámica , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Dicroismo Circular

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Dioscorea bulbifera (Family: Dioscoreaceae) also referred to as 'Air potato,' carries significant importance in the traditional medicine of China, West Africa and India. It is a common ingredient in numerous herbals and Ayurvedic formulations used to treat a variety of ailments. The literature review extensively examined the historical usage, phytoconstituents, characterisation of phytoconstituents, and medicinal uses of tubers, leaves, rhizomes and bulbils, with a particular focus on comparing research findings. Among the bioactive constituents, aglycone forms of steroidal saponins such as dioscorine, dioscin, diosbulbins, and diosgenin exhibit significant biological activities. Extracts from different parts of the plant exhibited pharmacological activities like anti-viral, anti-malarial, analgesic, antidiabetic, and anticancer. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation to bridge between the traditional knowledge and scientific evidence. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the ethnobotany, phytoconstituent, chemical characterization and pharmacological potential of D. bulbifera, highlighting its prospects and challenges for future research and medicinal application.

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Heat stress is a major problem in aquaculture species, causing changes in physiology such as decreased feed intake, growth rate, reproduction, and internal cellular damage, thereby affecting fish's health. The effects of an acute heat stress simulating a daily rise and fall in temperature on summer days were evaluated in the liver proteome of rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings in the present study. The fish maintained at 30 °C were gradually exposed to a higher temperature of 36 °C at an increment rate of 1 °C per 1.5 h, and after 3 h at that temperature, it was gradually reduced to 30 °C. The liver tissue samples were collected at 5 am, 5 pm, and 5 am the next day from the exposed and control fish. Protein samples were prepared from the liver tissues, and the extracted proteins were compared using 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) using a MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer. A total of 44 differentially expressed protein spots were visualized in 2D gel analysis from heat stress exposed fish at three time points, out of which 21 proteins including one hypothetical protein could be identified by MS. The abundance of five selected differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was validated using qPCR. The majority of DEPs were found to be involved primarily in lipid, protein and energy metabolism, immune system regulation, cytoskeletal stability, and ROS management. The findings of this study would help in the development of strategies to mitigate heat stress in L. rohita.

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BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of adult mortality in India. However, the data regarding the prevalence of NCD risk factors at district level is scarce. This study aims to analyse and map NCD risk factors at the state and district levels, exploring sociodemographic influences on these risks in Indian males and females. METHODS: We analyzed National Family Health Survey-5 database and used the prevalence estimates to create choropleth maps, enabling us to examine the geographical variations in NCD risk factors at the district level in India. RESULTS: Districts in the Satluj-Yamuna plains, western Rajasthan, and the northeastern regions exhibited clusters with a prevalence of high blood pressure exceeding 30.1 %. Northeastern districts showed over 40 % prevalence of current tobacco use, while high alcohol consumption clusters were observed in the northeastern and Telangana districts. Southern districts showed clusters of both obesity (as measured by BMI) and highest rates of oral, breast, and cervical cancer screening, moreover districts in Tamil Nadu exhibited notable clusters of raised blood glucose prevalence. CONCLUSION: Our analysis revealed variations in the prevalence of NCD risk factors at both the state and district levels. Accordingly, this study ranks districts based on the NCD burden, offering valuable insights to state and district teams to devise targeted measures for the prevention and control of NCDs, particularly in the most heavily affected districts.

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BACKGROUND: Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) are two crucial drugs used in antitubercular therapy. INH is known for its potent bactericidal effects and has a relatively higher prevalence of resistance compared to RIF. However, RIF resistance has been the subject of more extensive research. On the other hand, Ethambutol (EMB) and Streptomycin (STR) resistance have not been thoroughly studied, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. To address this knowledge gap, a study was designed to investigate the resistance patterns of INH, EMB, and STR in RIF-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases among children and adolescents. METHODS: Seventy-five newly diagnosed RIF sensitive PTB cases up to 18 years of age were enrolled. Retreatment cases were excluded. Sputum/gastric aspirate sample of these patients were sent for culture in Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) followed by drug susceptibility testing and Line Probe Assay. RESULTS: INH, EMB and STR resistance among RIF sensitive PTB cases was found to be 5.7%, 0% and 0.7% respectively. RIF resistance detected by CBNAAT was found to be 8.4%. CONCLUSION: Detection of INH resistance is as important as detecting RIF resistance as prevalence of INH resistance in RIF sensitive PTB among children and adolescents up to 18 years is around 6%.

Asunto(s)

Antituberculosos , Etambutol , Isoniazida , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rifampin , Tuberculosis Pulmonar , Humanos , Adolescente , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Rifampin/farmacología , Niño , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Isoniazida/farmacología , Masculino , Femenino , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Etambutol/uso terapéutico , Etambutol/farmacología , Preescolar , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estreptomicina/uso terapéutico , Estreptomicina/farmacología , India/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Esputo/microbiología

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Background Salpingectomy is a common surgical procedure in gynecology performed for various indications. Given its proximity to the ovaries and shared vascular supply, concerns have arisen regarding compromised ovarian reserve post-salpingectomy. Objective We aim to study the effect of two different energy sources (group 1: salpingectomy using bipolar electrocautery followed by division with scissors versus group 2: salpingectomy with ultrasonic shears) on residual ovarian reserve. The effect on ovarian reserve was assessed using serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and ovarian size pre- and postoperatively. Materials and methods According to the inclusion criteria, 68 women were included in the study and randomized into the bipolar electrocautery group and the ultrasonic shear group. The final analysis included 34 women in the bipolar electrocautery group and 32 in the ultrasonic shear group. Preoperatively, the ovarian reserve of all women was assessed using FSH, AMH, AFC, and ovarian size. These parameters were then reassessed at three months postoperatively, and the percentage change was analyzed. Results The mean baseline serum AMH and serum FSH values in the bipolar electrocautery group were 3.9 ± 2.9 ng/ml and 6.6 ± 2.1 IU/L, respectively, comparable with the values in the ultrasonic shear group, where serum AMH was 3.2 ± 2.9 ng/ml and serum FSH was 7.3 ± 3.9 IU/L. AFC and ovarian size were comparable between the two groups preoperatively (bipolar electrocautery group AFC was 8 ± 2.2, ovarian size on the right side was 3.3 ± 0.7 cm and on the left was 3.2 ± 0.6 cm; ultrasonic shear group AFC was 5.7 ± 2.3, ovarian size on the right side was 3.4 ± 0.8 cm and on the left was 3.2 ± 0.8 cm). After three months of postoperative analysis, AFC showed a significant fall from the preoperative value in the bipolar electrocautery group compared to the ultrasonic shear group (AFC reduced from 8 ± 2.2 to 5.5 ± 2.3 vs. 8.6 ± 0.5 to 7.9 ± 2.3; p=0.002). The other parameters showed no statistically significant change. Conclusion Our study suggests that ultrasonic shear is safer than bipolar electrocautery for preserving ovarian reserve after salpingectomy. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

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Keeping aside the traditional approaches to investigating floodplain wetland transformation, the current study investigated various aspects of it through changes in river channel morphology and drainage pattern. The study analyzed wetland transformation using satellite image-based machine learning and intensive fieldwork. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was applied to identify dominant influencing factors among 24 contributing factors under six clusters to eight dependent phenomena of transformation. The result showed that 57 % of wetland area lost since 1991, and existing wetland has also experiencing hydrological scarcity. From 1991 to 2021, the area under low water depth (<1 m.) inflated from 18.55 % to 50.54 %, the hydro-period narrowed down, and the appearance of water become inconsistent. The OLS result showed that changes in channel morphology (bottle neck channel, embankment-driven carrying capacity enhancement, etc.), interruptions in river and wetland connecting channels (source closure, breaching the continuity, conversion in to agricultural land, etc.), and changes in flood ambience (regulated by dam construction, erection of embankments, etc.) majorly contributed to wetland transformation. Very high explainability was found in the cases of rate of wetland loss, decreasing water depth under greater depth, narrowing hydro-period (R2 > 0.9). The findings of this work would be a good policy document for floodplain wetland management.

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Background and Aims: Squint surgery is a risk factor for postoperative vomiting (POV) in children. This study was designed to compare the incidence of POV in children undergoing strabismus surgery under balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane versus intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Material and Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study conducted in a tertiary care ophthalmology hospital, 70 ASA I-II children aged 1-12 years undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to two groups -Group S (sevoflurane-based anesthesia) and Group P (propofol-based anesthesia) for maintenance. The surgical details, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, recovery characteristics, and emergence delirium were recorded. Any episode of postoperative vomiting in the 0-2 hours, 2-6 hours, and 6-24 hours period was noted. Rescue antiemetic was administered if there was more than one episode of vomiting. Results: Both the groups were similar with respect to demographic and surgical details. The average duration of surgery was 118.2 ± 41.88 min in group S and 137.32 ± 39.09 min in group P (P = .05). Four children in group S (11.4%) and one child in group P (2.9%) had POV in the first 24 hours but this was not statistically significant (P = .36). The median time to discharge from post anesthesia care unit was significantly less (P = .02) in the P group (50 min) than in the S group (60 min). Conclusion: Propofol-based anesthesia does not offer advantage over sevoflurane, in reducing POV after squint surgery, when dual prophylaxis with dexamethasone and ondansetron is administered. It, however, reduces the duration of stay in the post anesthesia care unit.

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Background: Cancer survival data from Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) reflect the average outcome of patients in the population, which is critical for cancer control efforts. Despite decreasing incidence rates, cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer in India, accounting for 10% of all female cancers. The objective of the study is to estimate the five-year survival of patients with cervical cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 from the PBCRs in India. Methods: A single primary incidence of cervical cancer cases of 11 PBCRs (2012-2015) was followed till June 30, 2021 (n = 5591). Active follow-ups were conducted through hospital visits, telephone calls, home or field visits, and public databases. Five-year Observed Survival (OS) and Age Standardised Relative Survival (ASRS) was calculated. OS was measured by age and clinical extent of disease for cervical cancers. Findings: The five-year ASRS (95% CI) of cervical cancer was 51.7% (50.2%-53.3%). Ahmedabad urban (61.5%; 57.4%-65.4%) had a higher survival followed by Thiruvananthapuram (58.8%; 53.1%-64.3%) and Kollam (56.1%; 50.7%-61.3%). Tripura had the lowest overall survival rate (31.6%; 27.2%-36.1%). The five-year OS% for pooled PBCRs was 65.9%, 53.5%, and 18.0% for localised, regional, and distant metastasis, respectively. Interpretation: We observed a wide variation in cervical cancer survival within India. The findings of this study would help the policymakers to identify and address inequities in the health system. We re-emphasise the importance of awareness, early detection, and increase the improvement of the health care system. Funding: The National Cancer Registry Programme is funded through intra-mural funding by Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.

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Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity is fundamental in uterine spiral artery remodeling during placentation in Eutherian mammals. Our previous work showed that the invasion of trophoblast cells into uterine myometrium coincides with a phenotypic change of VSMCs. Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which trophoblast cells confer VSMC plasticity. Analysis of genetic markers on E13.5, E16.5, and E19.5 in the rat metrial gland, the entry point of uterine arteries, revealed that trophoblast invasion is associated with downregulation of MYOCARDIN, α-smooth muscle actin, and calponin1, and concomitant upregulation of Smemb in VSMCs. Myocardin overexpression or knockdown in VSMCs led to upregulation or downregulation of contractile markers, respectively. Co-culture of trophoblast cells with VSMCs decreased MYOCARDIN expression along with compromised expression of contractile markers in VSMCs. However, co-culture of trophoblast cells with VSMCs overexpressing MYOCARDIN inhibited their change in phenotype, whereas, overexpression of transactivation domain deleted MYOCARDIN failed to elicit this response. Furthermore, the co-culture of trophoblast cells with VSMCs led to the activation of NFκß signaling. Interestingly, despite producing IL-1ß, trophoblast cells possess only the decoy receptor, whereas, VSMCs possess the IL-1ß signaling receptor. Treatment of VSMCs with exogenous IL-1ß led to a decrease in MYOCARDIN and an increase in phosphorylation of NFκß. The effect of trophoblast cells in the downregulation of MYOCARDIN in VSMCs was reversed by blocking NFκß translocation to the nucleus. Together, these data highlight that trophoblast cells direct VSMC plasticity, and trophoblast-derived IL-1ß is a key player in downregulating MYOCARDIN via the NFκß signaling pathway.

Asunto(s)

Interleucina-1beta , Músculo Liso Vascular , Miocitos del Músculo Liso , FN-kappa B , Proteínas Nucleares , Transducción de Señal , Transactivadores , Trofoblastos , Animales , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/citología , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Transactivadores/genética , Ratas , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Femenino , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Embarazo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Células Cultivadas , Plasticidad de la Célula/fisiología , Calponinas

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In this paper, we evaluate the uniqueness of a hypothetical iris recognition system that relies upon a nonlinear mapping of iris data into a space of Gaussian codewords with independent components. Given the new data representation, we develop and apply a sphere packing bound for Gaussian codewords and a bound similar to Daugman's to characterize the maximum iris population as a function of the relative entropy between Gaussian codewords of distinct iris classes. As a potential theoretical approach leading toward the realization of the hypothetical mapping, we work with the auto-regressive model fitted into iris data, after some data manipulation and preprocessing. The distance between a pair of codewords is measured in terms of the relative entropy (log-likelihood ratio statistic is an alternative) between distributions of codewords, which is also interpreted as a measure of iris quality. The new approach to iris uniqueness is illustrated using two toy examples involving two small datasets of iris images. For both datasets, the maximum sustainable population is presented as a function of image quality expressed in terms of relative entropy. Although the auto-regressive model may not be the best model for iris data, it lays the theoretical framework for the development of a high-performance iris recognition system utilizing a nonlinear mapping from the space of iris data to the space of Gaussian codewords with independent components.

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The expanding use of community science platforms has led to an exponential increase in biodiversity data in global repositories. Yet, understanding of species distributions remains patchy. Biodiversity data from social media can potentially reduce the global biodiversity knowledge gap. However, practical guidelines and standardized methods for harvesting such data are nonexistent. Following data privacy and protection safeguards, we devised a standardized method for extracting species distribution records from Facebook groups that allow access to their data. It involves 3 steps: group selection, data extraction, and georeferencing the record location. We present how to structure keywords, search for species photographs, and georeference localities for such records. We further highlight some challenges users might face when extracting species distribution data from Facebook and suggest solutions. Following our proposed framework, we present a case study on Bangladesh's biodiversity-a tropical megadiverse South Asian country. We scraped nearly 45,000 unique georeferenced records across 967 species and found a median of 27 records per species. About 12% of the distribution data were for threatened species, representing 27% of all species. We also obtained data for 56 DataDeficient species for Bangladesh. If carefully harvested, social media data can significantly reduce global biodiversity knowledge gaps. Consequently, developing an automated tool to extract and interpret social media biodiversity data is a research priority.

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Un protocolo para recolectar datos sobre biodiversidad en Facebook Resumen El uso creciente de plataformas de ciencia comunitaria ha causado un incremento exponencial de los datos sobre biodiversidad en los repositorios mundiales. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre la distribución de las especies todavía está incompleto. Los datos sobre biodiversidad obtenidos de las redes sociales tienen el potencial para disminuir el vacío de conocimiento sobre la biodiversidad mundial. No obstante, no existe una guía práctica o un método estandarizado para recolectar dichos datos. Seguimos los protocolos de privacidad y protección de datos para diseñar un método estandarizado para extraer registros de la distribución de especies de grupos en Facebook que permiten el acceso a sus datos. El método consta de tres pasos: selección del grupo, extracción de datos y georreferenciación de la localidad registrada. También planteamos cómo estructurar las palabras clave, buscar fotografías de especies y georreferenciar las localidades de dichos registros. Además, resaltamos algunos retos que los usuarios pueden enfrentar al extraer los datos de distribución de Facebook y sugerimos algunas soluciones. Aplicamos nuestro marco de trabajo propuesto a un estudio de caso de la biodiversidad en Bangladesh, un país tropical megadiverso en el sureste de Asia. Reunimos casi 45,000 registros georreferenciados únicos para 967 especies y encontramos una media de 27 registros por especie. Casi el 12% de los datos de distribución correspondió a especies amenazadas, que representaban el 27% de todas las especies. También obtuvimos datos para 56 especies deficientes de datos en Bangladesh. Si los datos de las redes sociales se recolectan con cuidado, éstos pueden reducir de forma significativa el vacío de conocimiento para la biodiversidad mundial. Como consecuencia, es una prioridad para la investigación el desarrollo de una herramienta automatizada para extraer e interpretar los datos sobre biodiversidad de las redes sociales.

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Biodiversidad , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Bangladesh , Especies en Peligro de Extinción

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Background and Aims: Inhalational technique is used to induce anaesthesia in children without intravenous access. We aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of intranasal dexmedetomidine to ensure satisfactory mask acceptance during inhalation induction in children with retinoblastoma undergoing examination under anaesthesia. Methods: A prospective sequential allocation study was conducted in children aged 1-60 months divided into Group A (1-18 months) and Group B (18-60 months). Children were administered dexmedetomidine intranasally as premedication. Sedation was assessed using the modified Observer Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale until induction. Successful mask acceptance was defined as a cooperative or asleep child during inhalational induction. The starting dose of dexmedetomidine was 1 µg/kg. The next dose varied by 0.2 µg/kg depending on the outcome of this case. According to the Dixon up-and-down method, the mean of midpoints of the failure-success sequence was calculated to obtain the ED50 values. Results: The ED50 of intranasal dexmedetomidine for satisfactory mask acceptance was 0.7 µg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.86) in Group A (n = 23) and 0.96 µg/kg (95% CI: 0.83-1.08) in Group B (n = 25) (P = 0.020). The mean (standard deviation) duration of anaesthesia was 33.5 (14.9) minutes in group A versus 23.5 (8.48) minutes in Group B (P = 0.007). Conclusion: ED50 was lower in children younger than 18 months than in older children. There was no difference in the time to discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit despite the procedure being longer in smaller children.

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Because of environmental and health impacts, there is an ongoing necessity to develop sustainable primary explosives to replace existing lead-based analogues. Now we describe a potential primary explosive, dipotassium 4,6-dinitro-5,7-dioxidobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide (K2DNDP), which exhibits an excellent thermal stability (Tdec = 281 °C), positive oxygen balance (+4.79%), and a calculated crystal density of ρ = 2.274 g cm-3 at 100 K. Its physicochemical properties concomitantly with its straightforward synthesis make it a potential replacement for lead-based initiators.

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The traditional rice genotypes of Assam are considered to have biological value due to the presence of several bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins, which have antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging properties. The pigmented genotypes are considered to have high iron (Fe) content. However, the effect of Fe and Zinc (Zn) accumulation on anthocyanin content is yet to be studied in pigmented rice of Assam. We studied the Fe, Zn, and anthocyanin content in grains of 204 traditional rice of Assam, which are traditionally preferred for their nutraceutical properties. We performed phenotypic and biochemical compositional analyses of 204 genotypes to identify those having high Fe, Zn, and anthocyanin. We also carried out the differential expression of a few selected Fe and Zn transporter genes along with the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Interestingly, all pigmented rice genotypes contained a higher amount of phenolic compound than the non-pigmented form of rice. We found the highest (32.73 g) seed yield per plant for genotype Jengoni followed by Kajoli chokuwa and Khau Pakhi 1. We also listed 30 genotypes having high levels of Fe and Zn content. The genotype Jengoni accumulated the highest (186.9 µg g-1) Fe, while the highest Zn (119.9 µg g-1) content was measured in genotype Bora (Nagaon), The levels of Ferritin 2 gene expression were found to be significantly higher in Bora (Nagaon) (> 2-fold). For Zn accumulation, the genotype DRR Dhan-45, which was released as a high Zn content variety, showed significant up-regulation of the ZIP4 gene at booting (> 7-fold), post-anthesis (7.8-fold) and grain filling (> 5-fold) stages followed by Bora (Nagaon) (> 3-fold) at post-anthesis. Anthocyanidin synthase gene, Flavanone 3-dioxygenase 1-like (FDO1), and Chalcone-flavanone isomerase-like genes were up-regulated in highly pigmented genotype Bora (Nagaon) followed by Jengoni. Based on our data there was no significant correlation between iron and zinc content on the accumulation of anthocyanin. This challenges the present perception of the higher nutritive value in terms of the micronutrient content of the colored rice of Assam. This is the first report on the detailed characterization of traditional rice genotypes inclusive of phenotypic, biochemical, nutritional, and molecular attributes, which would be useful for designing the breeding program to improve Fe, Zn, or anthocyanin content in rice.

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Hierro , Oryza , Hierro/metabolismo , Zinc/metabolismo , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Fitomejoramiento , Grano Comestible/metabolismo , Genotipo

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BACKGROUND: Population-based cancer survival is a key indicator for assessing the effectiveness of cancer control by a health care system in a specific geographic area. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India, accounting for over one quarter of all female cancers. The objective of this study was to estimate the 5-year survival of female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2015 from the existing Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) in India. METHODS: In total, 17,331 patients who had breast cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 from 11 PBCRs were followed until June 30, 2021. Active methods were used to track the vital status of registered breast cancer cases. The study conducted survival analysis by calculating the difference between the date of first diagnosis and the date of death or censoring to estimate observed survival and relative survival using the actuarial survival approach and the Ederer-II approach, respectively. RESULTS: The 5-year age-standardized relative survival (95% confidence interval [CI]) of patients with breast cancer was 66.4% (95% CI, 65.5%-67.3%). Mizoram (74.9%; 95% CI, 68.1%-80.8%), Ahmedabad urban (72.7%; 95% CI, 70.3%-74.9%), Kollam (71.5%; 95% CI, 69.2%-73.6%), and Thiruvananthapuram (69.1%; 95% CI, 67.0%-71.2%) had higher survival rates than the national average. Conversely, Pasighat had the lowest survival rate (41.9%; 95% CI, 14.7%-68.6%). The 5-year observed survival rates for localized, regional, and distant metastasis in the pooled PBCRs were 81.0%, 65.5%, and 18.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The overall disparity in survival rates was observed across 11 PBCRs, with lower survival rates reported in Manipur, Tripura, and Pasighat. Therefore, it is imperative to implement comprehensive cancer control strategies widely throughout the country.

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Neoplasias de la Mama , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Femenino , India/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Análisis de Supervivencia , Tasa de Supervivencia , Anciano de 80 o más Años

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Citizen science plays a crucial role in helping monitor biodiversity and inform conservation. With the widespread use of smartphones, many people share biodiversity information on social media, but this information is still not widely used in conservation. Focusing on Bangladesh, a tropical megadiverse and mega-populated country, we examined the importance of social media records in conservation decision-making. We collated species distribution records for birds and butterflies from Facebook and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), grouped them into GBIF-only and combined GBIF and Facebook data, and investigated the differences in identifying critical conservation areas. Adding Facebook data to GBIF data improved the accuracy of systematic conservation planning assessments by identifying additional important conservation areas in the northwest, southeast, and central parts of Bangladesh, extending priority conservation areas by 4,000-10,000 km2 . Community efforts are needed to drive the implementation of the ambitious Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets, especially in megadiverse tropical countries with a lack of reliable and up-to-date species distribution data. We highlight that conservation planning can be enhanced by including available data gathered from social media platforms.

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Registros de las redes sociales para guiar la planeación de la conservación Resumen La ciencia ciudadana es importante para monitorear la biodiversidad e informar la conservación. Con el creciente uso de los teléfonos inteligentes, muchas personas comparten información de la biodiversidad en redes sociales, pero todavía no se usa ampliamente en la conservación. Analizamos la importancia de los registros de las redes sociales para las decisiones de conservación enfocados en Bangladesh, un país tropical megadiverso y mega poblado. Cotejamos los registros de distribución de especies de aves y mariposas en Facebook y Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), las agrupamos en datos sólo de GBIF o datos combinados de Facebook y GBIF e investigamos las diferencias en la identificación de las áreas de conservación críticas. La combinación de los datos de Facebook con los de GBIF mejoró la precisión de las evaluaciones de la planeación de la conservación sistemática al identificar otras áreas importantes de conservación en el noroeste, sureste y centro de Bangladesh, extendiendo así las áreas prioritarias de conservación en unos 4,000-10,000 km2 . Se requieren esfuerzos comunitarios para impulsar la implementación de los objetivos ambiciosos del Marco Global de Biodiversidad Kunming-Montreal, especialmente en países tropicales que carecen de datos confiables y actuales sobre la distribución de las especies. Destacamos que la planeación de la conservación puede mejorarse si se incluye información tomada de las redes sociales.

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Mariposas Diurnas , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Humanos , Animales , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Biodiversidad , Aves

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Supramolecular nanostructured based delivery systems are emerging as a meaningful approach in the treatment of cancer, offering controlled drug release and improved therapeutic efficacy. The self-assembled structures can be small molecules, polymers, peptides, or proteins, which can be used and functionalized to achieve tailored release and target specific cells, tissues, or organs. These structures can improve the solubility and stability of drugs having low aqueous solubility by encapsulating and protecting them from degradation. Alongside, peptides as natural biomolecules have gained increasing attention as potential candidates in cancer treatment because of their biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and high specificity toward tumor cells. The amino acid sequences in peptide molecules are tunable, efficiently controlling the morphology of peptide-based self-assembled nanosystems and offering flexibility to form supramolecular nanostructures (SNs). It is evident from the current literature that the supramolecular nanostructures based delivery of peptide for cancer treatment hold great promise for future cancer therapy, offering potential strategies for personalized medicine with improved patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review focuses on fundamentals and various drug delivery mechanisms based on SNs. Different SN approaches and recent literature reviews on peptide delivery are also presented to the readers.

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Nanoestructuras , Neoplasias , Humanos , Péptidos/química , Proteínas , Nanoestructuras/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage (TAC) pre-pregnancy and laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy in treating cervical insufficiency. METHOD: A retrospective analytical study comparing outcomes of laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy with laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy. A total of 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic TAC at our hospital were enrolled in the study. In total, 122 patients underwent interval cerclage, and 56 patients underwent cerclage during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 178 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Second-trimester abortions decreased by 50%, with an overall increase in full-term live births (32.53%) in patients undergoing laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy. The fetal survival rate was around 90% and 85% with laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy and laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy, respectively. Although the obstetric outcomes of laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy and in pregnancy were comparable, laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy was safer than laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy due to the complications associated with the procedure during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy yielded better reproductive outcomes than laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy and was associated with fewer perioperative complications.

Asunto(s)

Cerclaje Cervical , Laparoscopía , Incompetencia del Cuello del Útero , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Resultado del Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cerclaje Cervical/métodos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Nacimiento a Término , Incompetencia del Cuello del Útero/cirugía

RESUMEN

An effective strategy was employed for the rapid development of a supramolecular metallohydrogel of Mg(II) ion (i.e., Mg@PEHA) using pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as a low-molecular-weight gelator in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. The mechanical stability of the synthesized Mg@PEHA metallohydrogel was characterized by using rheological analysis, which showed its robustness across different angular frequencies and oscillator stress levels. The metallohydrogel exhibited excellent thixotropic behavior, which signifies that Mg@PEHA has a self-healing nature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images were utilized to explore the rectangular pebble-like hierarchical network of the Mg@PEHA metallohydrogel. Elemental mapping through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of primary chemical constituents in the metallohydrogel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy provided insights into the possible formation strategy of the metallohydrogel. In this work, Schottky diode structures in a metal-semiconductor-metal geometry based on a magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@PEHA) were constructed, and the charge transport behavior was observed. Additionally, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device was developed using Mg@PEHA, which displayed bipolar resistive switching behavior at room temperature. The researchers investigated the switching mechanism, which involved the formation or rupture of conduction filaments, to gain insights into the resistive switching process. The RRAM device demonstrated excellent performance with a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 100 and remarkable endurance of over 5000 switching cycles. RRAM devices exhibit good endurance, meaning they can endure a large number of read and write cycles without significant degradation in performance. RRAM devices have shown promising reliability in terms of long-term performance and stability, making them suitable for critical applications that require reliable memory solutions. Significant inhibitory activity against the drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia strain and its biofilm formation ability was demonstrated by Mg@PEHA. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of the metallohydrogel was determined to be 3 mg/mL when it was dissolved in 1% DMSO. To study the antibiofilm activity, an MTT assay was performed, revealing that biofilm inhibition (60%) commenced at 1 mg/mL of Mg@PEHA when dissolved in 1% DMSO. Moreover, in the mouse excisional wound model, Mg@PEHA played a crucial role in preventing postoperative wound infections and promoting wound healing.