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BACKGROUND:Hydrogen,as an antioxidant,can reduce oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise and achieve the effect of improving fatigue.Several studies have been reported on the potential effects of hydrogen-rich water or hydrogen-rich gas on improving exercise fatigue and athletic performance. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich gas inhalation prior to high-intensity exercise on proprioception and muscular endurance performance after exercise fatigue. METHODS:Through a randomized,double-blind,crossover,and repeated measurement experimental design,24 healthy men were randomly divided into group A and group B,with 12 in each group.In the first phase of the crossover experiment,group A inhaled hydrogen-rich gas(hydrogen group)for 20 minutes and group B inhaled placebo gas(air;placebo group)for 20 minutes.Then,cycle ergometers were used to establish the fatigue model.Visual analog fatigue scale,heart rate variability,knee joint proprioception(passive position perception,joint motion perception,and muscle force perception)and isometric knee extension muscle endurance were tested before and after intervention.After a 7-day washout period,two groups exchanged intervention methods and the above tests were performed again in the second phase of the experiment.Differences between the results of groups A and B in the two phases were compared,and finally the results of the two phases were integrated to compare the overall differences between hydrogen intervention and placebo intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the first phase of the crossover experiment,the visual analog fatigue scale score of the hydrogen group after intervention was significantly lower than that of the placebo group(P<0.01).The root mean square of the difference between the adjacent R-R,mean low-frequency output power,mean high-frequency output power,and isometric muscle endurance after intervention in the hydrogen group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).Passive position perception and joint motion perception after intervention in the hydrogen group were significantly better than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in muscle force perception between the two groups(P>0.05),but muscle force perception in the placebo group after intervention was significantly worse than that before intervention(P<0.01).The difference trend of all test results after intervention in the two groups in the first phase of the experiment showed the same results in the second phase of the experiment.The integrated results also showed that the hydrogen group had better test values for the above indicators than the placebo group(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between post-intervention visual analog fatigue scale scores and passive position perception results(r=0.327,P=0.023),i.e.,the higher subjective fatigue level after high-intensity exercise indicated the worse passive position perception results.To conclude,inhaling hydrogen-rich gas before high-intensity exercise can reduce the degree of fatigue after exercise,thereby improving proprioception and muscle endurance performance,which may be a new strategy to reduce the occurrence of injury.And its effectiveness can be achieved repeatedly.

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γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid which naturally and widely occurs in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals, it has become a popular dietary supplement and has promising application in food industry. The current article reviews the most recent literature regarding the physiological functions, preparation methods, enrichment methods, metabolic pathways, and applications of GABA. This review sheds light on developing GABA-enriched plant varieties and food products, and provides insights for efficient production of GABA through synthetic biology approaches.

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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture plus nasal irrigation in treating upper airway cough syndrome (UACS).Method A total of 114 UACS patients were randomized into 3 groups, 38 cases in each group. Group A was treated with acupuncture plus electrical stimulation with sparse-dense wave, group B was intervened by nasal irrigation with Shuang Huang Lian, and group C was treated with the two methods together. The clinical efficacies of the three groups were compared.Result The total effective rates were respectively 84.2%, 73.7% and 94.7% in group A, group B and group C. The total effective rate of group C was significantly different from that of group A and group B (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture plus nasal irrigation can produce a more significant therapeutic efficacy compared to electroacupuncture or nasal irrigation alone.

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We analyzed the whole genome coding sequence of Volvariella volvacea to study the pattern utilization of codons by Codon W 1.4.2. As results, 24 optimal codons were identified. Moreover, the frequency of codons usage was calculated by CUSP program. We compared the frequency of codons usage of V. volvacea with other organisms including 6 modal value species (Homo sapiens, Saccharomys cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thalian, Mus musculus, Danio rerio and Drosophila melanogaster) and 4 edible fungi (Coprinopsis cinerea, Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus). We found that there were less differences in 3 edible fungi (excluding Pleurotus ostreatus) than 6 modal value species, comparing with the frequency of codons usage of V. volvacea. With software SPSS16.0, cluster analysis which showed differences in the size of codon bias, reflects the evolutionary relationships between species, which can be used as a reference of evolutionary relationships of species. This was the first time for analysis the codon preference among the whole coding sequences of edible fungi, serving as theoretical basis to apply genetic engineering of V. volvacea.

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Objective: To observe the clinical effect on treatment of Tourette's syndrome with combination of acupuncture and Chinese herbs. Method: Sixty cases were randomly divided into acupuncture-Chinese group and western drug group, which have been treated with acupuncture plus modified Tranquilizing Liver-wind Decoction and orally taken holoperidol respectively.Result: Therapeutic effect comparison between the two groups showed a significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Combination of scalp acupuncture and Chinese herbs has good effect in treating Tourette's syndrome, with better result than western drug.