RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, drug delivery applications have extensively utilized hydrogel systems based on natural polymers. Among the numerous biopolymer-based hydrogel drug delivery systems reported, a novel pectin-like substance was extracted from fig leaves and copolymerized with chitosan. METHOD: The hydrogel was reformed into microspheres using glutaraldehyde (chemical cross-linker) and sodium hexametaphosphate (physical cross-linker). The extracted polysaccharide and the prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, GC/MS, SEC/MALS/DRI as well as XRD, SEM, BET, and thermal analysis. SEM images revealed the formation of porous microspheres with an average size of 50 µm in diameter. Degrees of swelling in pH7 at 35°C have shown the hydrogels reached two to three times their weights. This has been reflected in their ability to load drugs or any other chemicals. The loading formula shows that hydrogels have maximum loading efficiency more than one-third of the weight of hydrogel. The antimicrobial ciprofloxacin was used as a model for loading on prepared hydrogels. The loaded hydrogels were tested for their biological activities against staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. The antimicrobial growth inhibition zone of the cultured (S. aureus) by ciprofloxacin-loaded hydrogel was followed, which shows controlled growth in inhibition zone sizes and for long time intervals. Results showed that the pectin-chitosan hydrogels exhibited significant antibacterial activity against gram - positive bacteria (S. aureus), with an inhibition zone of 45 mm for (CH-co-FLP)/GLU hydrogel. RESULT: In vitro, the ciprofloxacin-loaded hydrogels were studied and the cumulative release of ciprofloxacin under suitable conditions was found in a controlled manner and kept release for a long time interval. Data exhibited that the cumulative release profile of ciprofloxacin from the hydrogel demonstrated sustained release over 48 hours, with a value of 6.9% released within the first 24 hours and 7.0 and 6.9% % released at the end of the study for the (CH-co-FLP)/GLU and (CH-co-FLP)/SMP hydrogels, respectively. CONCLUSION: The novel pectin-chitosan hydrogels hold the potential to enhance the quality of life for numerous patients by minimizing the need for frequent intake of chronic medications.

RESUMEN

In this study, Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides from quince peels (QPPs) by ascorbic acid and the effect of extraction temperature, extraction time and pH was evaluated. Under optimized conditions of temperature 90 °C, 60 min sonication time and pH = 3.26, the extraction yield, the galacturonic acid yield and the concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) values of QPPs were respectively 10.25%, 3.86% and 1.35 mg/mL. The QPPs extracted under optimum conditions was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) and Size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). The monosaccharide analysis revealed that arabinose was the most abundant, followed by galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose. Moreover, QPPs showed significant antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric- reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and reduced viability of human Caco-2 and murine B-16 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Hence QPPs could be used as antitumor agent in functional foods andpharmaceutical industries.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Rosaceae/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/química , Células CACO-2 , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico , Cromatografía en Gel , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Frutas/química , Ácidos Hexurónicos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Monosacáridos/análisis , Monosacáridos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polisacáridos/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura

RESUMEN

As a health-beneficial fruit, watermelon is widely consumed by people around the world. However, components responsible for the health benefits are not yet determined. As watermelon contains a large amount of polysaccharides, these carbohydrates might play an important role in the health benefits. In this work, polysaccharide from watermelon rinds (PWR) was extracted by papain digestion, purified and characterized by GC-MS, SEC/MALS/VD/DRI, FTIR and 1D and 2D NMR which revealed the glycosidic linkages, their locations in branches and backbone. The monosaccharide composition revealed that the extracted polysaccharide was composed of galactose (38.26%), arabinose (26.12%), rhamnose (17.86%), mannose (9.94%), xylose (5.10%) and glucose (2.70%) with a percentage of uronic acid of 45%. A combination of CPG and NMR analysis showed that the extracted polysaccharide is arabinogalactan linked to type I rhamnogalacturonan. we notice that the arabinogalactan was formed by →6)-ß-D-Galp-(1→ as backbone with short branching of arabinose linked in α 1 → 3, rhamnose linked in α 1 → 4, mannose linked in ß 1 → 6 and galactose branches linked in ß 1 → 3. Furthermore, PWR exhibited obvious cytotoxicity ability to human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells in a dose-and time-dependant manner.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Citrullus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Monosacáridos/análisis , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

Prunus amygdalus is used in the folk medicine that proved the interest of this plant which cures many diseases. Many researchers are interested to valorize almond waste (hull and shell) and to evaluate their biological and pharmacological activities. In this work, polysaccharides from Prunus amygdalus shell were extracted sequentially by water, ammonium oxalate and hydrochloric acid. The monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides fractions was performed by GC-MS. Water-soluble polysaccharide was found to be the most effective extracting agent with an extracted yield of 9%. The acid Soluble Polysaccharides (ASP) exhibited the highest galacturonic acid content (31.95%), the highest polysaccharides extractability (88.57%) and the lowest degree of esterification (31.76%). The different polysaccharides fractions were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and SEC/MALS/VD/DRI. The antioxidant tests (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) indicated that ASP showed even better antioxidant activities. Moreover, the result of the antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 and B-16 cells showed that ASP exhibited strong cytotoxicity ability which confirmed that the Prunus amygdalus peels may comprise the natural raw materials for new drug and functional food.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Prunus dulcis/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Ácidos Hexurónicos/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Fenol/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polisacáridos/química , Solubilidad , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier