RESUMEN
Galactomannans are neutral polysaccharides isolated from the endosperm of some Leguminosae seeds. They consist of a (1â¯ââ¯4) linked ß-mannopyranosyl backbone partially substituted at O-6 with α-d-galactopyranosyl side groups. C. pulcherrima have anti-inflammatory and muco-adhesive proprieties. Acute gastritis is an inflammatory disease triggered by use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We investigated the gastroprotective effect of galactomannan obtained from the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. (GM-CP) in acute gastritis model induced by indomethacin. Gastritis was induced with indomethacin (30â¯mg/kg, P.·O.) in female Swiss mice. Animal groups (nâ¯=â¯7) were pretreated with saline-dissolved GM-CP (3â¯mg/kg, 10â¯mg/kg, 30â¯mg/kg, P.O.) or vehicle 1â¯h before gastritis induction. Mice were euthanized seven hours after the induction. The stomach and blood samples were collected for analysis. At 10â¯mg/kg, GP-CP reduced the extension of macroscopic lesion and the loss of superficial cells by alleviating inflammatory symptoms (neutrophil infiltration, migration and adhesion of mesenteric leukocytes, production of TNF-α and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and helping to maintain mucin labeling of the tissue. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that GM-CP exhibits gastroprotective effects.
Asunto(s)
Caesalpinia/química , Gastritis , Indometacina/efectos adversos , Mananos/farmacología , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Semillas/química , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Femenino , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Gastritis/inducido químicamente , Gastritis/metabolismo , Gastritis/patología , Gastritis/prevención & control , Indometacina/farmacología , Mananos/química , Ratones , Neutrófilos/patologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Barks of Ximenia americana are used by the population to treat gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders. Indomethacin is a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that induces marked gastrointestinal damage. AIMS OF THE STUDIES: To evaluate the gastroprotective activity of total polysaccharides contained in the extract (TPL-Xa) or tea (Tea-Xa) of Ximenia americana barks in the mice gastric damage induced by indomethacin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TPL-Xa was obtained by a combination of NaOH extraction and ethanol precipitation. Tea-Xa was prepared in distilled water boiled during 5â¯min. Animals received p.o. 0.9% NaCl (saline - control group), TPL-Xa (1-90â¯mg/kg) or Tea-Xa 1â¯h before gastritis induction by indomethacin (20â¯mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 7â¯h after gastritis induction and analyzed for the following parameters: stomach lesions measurement; histological evaluation; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; nitrate/nitrite and cytokine levels; leukocyte adhesion and rolling by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: TPL-Xa reduced macroscopic and microscopic damage, MPO activity (59%), leukocyte rolling (86%) and adhesion (84%), nitrite/nitrate ratio (100%) and IL-8 (69%), but increased IL-4 (50%). Tea-Xa (12.8 yield; 39.3% carbohydrate, including 25.8% uronic acid; 4% protein) reduced macroscopic damage (62%) and MPO activity (50%). CONCLUSION: TPL and Tea of Ximenia americana barks ameliorate the gastric injury induced by indomethacin in mice, an effect that was dependent on the reduction of neutrophil infiltration.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas , Gastritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Olacaceae , Extractos Vegetales , Polisacáridos , Sustancias Protectoras , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/inmunología , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Gastritis/inducido químicamente , Gastritis/inmunología , Gastritis/metabolismo , Indometacina , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Rodamiento de Leucocito/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/fisiología , Ratones , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of gabapentin (GBP) in mice. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects were evaluated using various mediators that induce paw edema, peritonitis model, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, proinflammatory cytokine levels, glutathione (GSH) consumption, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in mice. Pretreatment of mice with GBP (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan or dextran-induced paw edema (P<0.05) when compared to vehicle group. Adding to this, GBP (1 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw edema induced by histamine, serotonin, bradikinin, 48/80 compound, and prostaglandin E2. In the carrageenan-induced peritonitis model, GBP significantly decreased total and differential leukocyte counts and reduced the levels of MPO activity in the plantar tissue and IL-1ß and TNF-α concentrations in the peritoneal exudate. The same dose of GBP also decreased the MDA concentration and increased the levels of GSH into the peritoneal fluid. In summary, our results demonstrated that GBP exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in mice by reducing the action of inflammatory mediators, neutrophil migration and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and anti-oxidant properties by decreasing the concentration of MDA and increasing the GSH content. These observations raise the possibility that GBP could be used to improve tissue resistance to damage during inflammatory conditions.