RESUMEN

Introduction: the lacrimal gland size is affected by a variety of pathologic conditions like inflammatory, infections, neoplastic, autoimmune and granulomatous disorders. Earlier, the dimensions of the gland were estimated by extracting lacrimal glands from cadavers, later ultrasonography and computed tomography studies were used, but had limited soft tissue differentiation. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data from normal orbits and determine lacrimal gland dimensions. Methods: five hundred and twelve (512) consecutive MRI brain contrast scans (of 240 females, of 272 males; age range 40±20 years) for non-orbital diseases were evaluated retrospectively. The mean axial length (AL), axial width (AW), coronal length (CL), and coronal width (CW) of each lacrimal gland were measured separately. Results: five hundred and twelve (512) MRI brain contrast scans of 272 men and 240 women, with mean age of 40 ± 20 years were included. Right and left LG dimensions were similar, mean AL (13.2±1.35 mm versus 13.11±1.24 mm), mean AW [3.5±0.99 mm versus 3.3±0.82 mm], mean CL [16.3±2.5 mm versus 16.10±2.4 mm], and mean CW (4.15±0.89 mm versus 4.11±0.85 mm). The AL of both lacrimal glands and the CL and CW of right but not left lacrimal glands were significantly lower in women than in men. Age showed significant correlations with the AL and CL of both LGs. Conclusion: in this study, evaluation of normal morphometric parameters of the lacrimal gland in Indian population was established. LG dimensions are smaller in women than men, as well as correlating with side and age.

Asunto(s)

Aparato Lagrimal , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Aparato Lagrimal/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Neuroimagen , Cadáver

RESUMEN

Introduction Adnexal masses present a special diagnostic challenge because it is difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions clinically. The diagnosis of malignancy is vital, and imaging is the most important part of the evaluation of adnexal masses. This study was conducted with the goal of comparing the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing female adnexal masses in comparison with histopathology examination (HPE). A total of 70 female patients with suspected adnexal lesions were selected for the study. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, an MRI was performed with a subsequent histopathological examination of the lesion. Results The study revealed that MRI demonstrated 27% non-neoplastic, 47% benign, and 26% malignant lesions. HPE, the gold standard for identifying and classifying pathological masses, positively identified the lesions and classified them as non-neoplastic, surface epithelial-stromal, germ cell, and sex cord-stromal tumors. The present study of 70 cases with adnexal masses showed a strong positive correlation between MRI and HPE findings. Conclusion MRI provides the added advantage of visualization of the tumor matrix with differential identification of the fatty and cystic tissue through heterogeneous signals and enhancement indicating aggressiveness and local spread. MRI has greater diagnostic accuracy when compared to ultrasonography (USG), with HPE as the gold standard for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses.

RESUMEN

Congenital limb deformities, with a birth frequency of 0.55 per 1,000, are extremely rare prenatal defects that can present with either partial or complete lack of a limb or a specific portion of a limb. Amelia is a sporadic anomaly that is defined by the complete absence of a limb's skeletal elements, whereas hypomelia is defined by the incomplete development of a limb's skeletal elements. We present the case of a neonate with gross facial deformities in the form of the absence of both external ears and a saddle-shaped nose. The absence of the right lower limb bud was seen. The left lower limb was underdeveloped, noted only up to the thigh region with the hypoplastic distal part of the leg and absent foot. Genitals and the anus were absent. To the best of our knowledge, this case is exceptional in that congenital limb abnormalities are present at birth along with accompanying genital underdevelopment.

RESUMEN

Congenital uterine anomalies are a rare type of malformation involving female genitalia caused by abnormal development of the Mullerian duct system. Patients having an obstructive type of uterine anomalies are very much likely to develop obstetric and gynecological complications usually at the age of menarche or later in the course of life. In this case report, we present a case of a young female patient having severe dysmenorrhea which is caused by obstructive hematometra in the rudimentary horn which is not communicating with the uterine cavity. Ultrasonography (USG) was used to make a differential diagnosis of a probable congenital abnormality, which was subsequently validated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which revealed a uterine cavity having a single cornu on the left side seen to be connecting with the cervix and a dilated rudimentary horn on the right side. The patient underwent the excision of the rudimentary horn laparoscopically. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying patients having anomalies involving the uterus to provide appropriate treatment to the patient and to prevent adverse outcomes for her reproductive potential.