RESUMEN
Methoxyacetylfentanyl belongs to the group of fentanyl analogues and has been associated with several deaths in recent years. We present three case reports of deceased individuals that tested positive for methoxyacetylfentanyl consumption, as well as in vitro and in vivo metabolite profiles. Methoxyacetylfentanyl was quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in femoral blood, as well as in urine and brain tissue when these were available. Metabolite profiling was performed by incubating methoxyacetylfentanyl with pooled human hepatocytes (pHH) in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Metabolites were identified in vivo and in vitro using UHPLC-high resolution (HR)-MS/MS. The measured methoxyacetylfentanyl concentration was 0.022-0.056mg/kg (N=3) in femoral blood, 0.12mg/kg (N=1) in urine, and 0.074mg/kg (N=1) in brain tissue homogenate. A total of 10 metabolites were identified. The observed metabolic pathways were: hydroxylation(s), N-dealkylation, O-demethylation, deamination, glucuronidation, and combinations thereof. Major analytical targets in vitro and across measured biological samples in vivo were methoxyacetylfentanyl, the O-demethyl- metabolite, and the deamide-metabolite. Intoxication with methoxyacetylfentanyl was judged as the cause of death or a major contributing factor in all three presented cases.
Asunto(s)
Drogas de Diseño/envenenamiento , Fentanilo/análogos & derivados , Fentanilo/envenenamiento , Adulto , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cromatografía Liquida , Drogas de Diseño/farmacocinética , Fentanilo/farmacocinética , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
Acoustic-phonetic features necessary for rule-based speech recognition are described. The selection of feature algorithms is based on their robustness to variability of dynamics in speech signals and to influence of environmental noise, and their suitability for real-time implementation using speech production or speech perception modelling. Features are estimated in real-time, using a 32-bit floating point signal processor DSP32. The features described are pitch, formants, segmentation and labelling. The paper indicates the potential use of these features in connection with future experiments leading to development of new hearing aids.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Computación , Audífonos , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador , Percepción del Habla , Algoritmos , Modelos Biológicos , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
Acoustic-Phonetic features necessary for rule-based speech recognition are described. The selection of feature algorithms is based on their robustness to variability of dynamics in speech signals and to influence of environmental noise, and their suitability for real-time implementation using speech production or speech perception modelling. Features are estimated in real-time, using a 32-bit floating point signal processor DSP32. The features described are pitch, formants, segmentation and labelling. The paper indicates the potential use of these features in connection with future experiments leading to development of new hearing aids.
RESUMEN
A brief review is given of the pharmacological data of verapamil, which chemically shows a certain similarity to papaverine. The effect of the drug (80 mg) 3 times daily, on angina pectoris, as compared with placebo, was evaluated in a double-blind cross-over therapeutic trial with 4-wk periods in 47 patients. The incidence of attacks and the nitroglycerine consumption decreased in the second fortnight of the verapamil period by approximately 25% compared with the placebo period. An ergometer test showed a prolongation of the exerice time of 20%. The mean blood pressure and the heart rate fell under verapamil treatment if the patients had values which were relatively high in the placebo period. The increase in heart rate during exercise from two different resting levels showed a tendency to become more pronounced under treatment with verapamil than under placebo. The length of the P-Q intervals were not affected by verapamil. The mechanism of action in angina pectoris is discussed, but it is concluded that it is still not possible to explain it. Twelve Danish medical departments took part in the trial.