RESUMEN
We reviewed the MRI of seven patients with syringomyelia associated with surgically proven adhesive spinal arachnoiditis to describe clinical and MRI findings in this condition. Using 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 tesla units, we obtained sagittal T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and axial T1-weighted images. Additional sagittal T2-weighted images were obtained without using motion-artefact suppression. Contrast medium was given intravenously to five patients. The syrinx cavities were thoracic in five cases, cervicothoracic in one, and extended from C4 to L1 in one. No Chiari malformation or craniovertebral junction anomaly was demonstrated. Meningeal thickening was seen on T2-weighted sagittal images only in one case. Cord deformity due to adhesion or displacement due to an associated arachnoid cyst was seen in all cases best demonstrated on axial images. Focal blurring of the syrinx wall on axial images was seen in six patients. Flow voids were seen in the syrinx fluid in all cases on T2-weighted images obtained without motion-artefact suppression. No abnormal contrast enhancement was demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Aracnoiditis/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Médula Espinal/patología , Siringomielia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Aracnoiditis/complicaciones , Medios de Contraste , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Siringomielia/etiologíaRESUMEN
We investigated nine patients with rhabdomyosarcoma in the head and neck (6-53 years of age), using CT and MRI. The tumours originated in the paranasal sinuses (3), cheek (2), soft palate (1), orbit (1), sternocostoclavicular muscle (1) and parapharyngeal space (1). The histological subtype was embryonal in five, alveolar in three and pleomorphic in one case. The tumours enhanced markedly and heterogeneous on CT and MRI. The masses were isointense or gave slightly higher signal than surrounding muscles on T1- and heterogeneously high signal on T2-weighted images. In four tumours, multiple ring enhancement resembling bunches of grapes. This appears to be characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma and probably reflects a component of botryoid-type rhabdomyosarcoma in which mucoid-rich stroma is covered with a thin layer of tumour cells. We have named this imaging feature the "botryoid sign".
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Rabdomiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Medios de Contraste , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rabdomiosarcoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for evaluation of the intracranial venous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients underwent 3D dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography as well as two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR venography in transverse and coronal planes and conventional catheter cerebral angiography with digital subtraction. MR venography was displayed using a maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) algorithm. The acquisition time of 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography was 102 seconds, and that of 2D TOF MR venography was about 7 minutes in the transverse plane and about 9 minutes in the coronal plane. Degree of visualization of the intracranial venous system on each MR sequence was compared with that on conventional catheter cerebral angiography as a standard. RESULTS: Superficial cortical veins and the dural sinus were better visualized on 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography than on 2D TOF MR venography. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography is noninvasive and very useful for imaging of the intracranial venous system. It can replace 2D TOF MR venography not only because of its short examination time but because it better demonstrates intracranial venous structures. For evaluation of the SSS, lateral sinus, sigmoid sinus and straight sinus in particular, conventional catheter angiography seems to be unnecessary.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Gadolinio , Aumento de la Imagen , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We report a symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst associated with hypophysitis in a 61-year-old woman. We demonstrate the MRI features and discuss the pathophysiology. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of a Rathke's cleft cyst shrinking after high-dose steroid therapy.
Asunto(s)
Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/diagnóstico , Hipófisis , Corticoesteroides/administración & dosificación , Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico , Hipopituitarismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipófisis/patologíaRESUMEN
Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is considered a form of endothelial proliferation rather than a true neoplasm and is usually located in the skin or subcutis. We report a case of intracranial PEH that occurred after surgery for glioma and subsequent radiosurgery. CT and MR revealed an enhancing extra-axial mass located left posterolateral to the brainstem. Intracranial PEH is rare; to our knowledge, development of an intracranial PEH after surgery and radiosurgery has not been previously reported.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Endotelio Vascular/patología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Radiocirugia , Adulto , Astrocitoma/cirugía , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Encefalopatías/cirugía , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Tronco Encefálico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endotelio Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Endotelio Vascular/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/cirugía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Reoperación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Although computed tomography (CT) provides a major imaging advance over conventional radiography and tomography in examining the whole body, the development of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has proven to be an even greater breakthrough in diagnostic medical imaging. The anatomic detail demonstrated in a MR image is a representation of at least three physical properties of static-tissue: proton density, and T1 and T2 relaxation times. Intrinsic differences in proton density and, in particular, in proton relaxation times of tissues allow excellent image contrast between various normal structures and high sensitivity in detecting pathological states. This article discusses imaging features of neurofibromatosis, with particular emphasis on the potential of MR imaging.