RESUMEN
Ferroptosis is an iron depend cell death which caused by lipid peroxidation. Abnormal iron metabolism and high intracellular iron content are the characteristics of most cancer cells. Iron is a promoter of cell growth and proliferation. However, iron also could take part in Fenton reaction to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intercellular ROS could induce lipid peroxidation, which is necessary for ferroptosis. Iron metabolism mainly includes three parts: iron uptake, storage and efflux. Therefore, iron metabolism-related genes could regulate intercellular iron content and status, which can be involved ferroptosis. In recent years, the application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy research has become more and more extensive. The iron-based nanoparticles (iron-based NPs) can release ferrous (Fe2+) or ferric (Fe3+) in acidic lysosomes and inducing ferroptosis. Magnetic field is widely used in the targeted concentration of iron-based NPs related disease therapy. Furthermore, multiple studies showed that magnetic fields can inhibit cancer cell proliferation by promoting intracellular ROS production. Herein, we focus on the relationship of between ferroptosis and iron metabolism in cancer cells, the application of nanoparticles and magnetic field in inducing ferroptosis of cancer cells, and trying to provide new ideas for cancer treatment research.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To retrospectively summarize the pathological features and management of small bowel diverticula of in 32 cases. RESULTS: Complications of small bowel diverticula were effectively treated surgically with good short-term and long-term clinical outcomes. The diverticulum found during the abdominal operation should be treated in time. The complications from the small intestine diverticulum included inflammation, bleeding, stone, perforation and bowel obstruction which arised from the stagnation, impaction, and friction of the contents in the diverticulum or from adhesion zone of long diveritculum. The complications were closely related to the histology of diverticular wall, the type of heterotopic tissue of diverticular mucosa, morphology of the diverticulum and contents in the diverticulum. CONCLUSION: The complications of small bowel diverticulum are the rare cause of acute abdomen which would be surgically treated effectively.
Asunto(s)
Divertículo/complicaciones , Divertículo/patología , Enfermedades Intestinales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Intestinales/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Diverticulitis/patología , Enfermedades Duodenales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Íleon/patología , Intestino Delgado/patología , Enfermedades del Yeyuno/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify and separate the ventral root from dorsal root, which is the key for success of the artificial somatic-autonomic reflex pathway procedure for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we report the results of intra-operating room monitoring with 10 paralyzed patients. METHODS: Ten male volunteers with complete suprasacral SCI underwent the artificial somatic-autonomic procedure under general anesthesia. Vastus medialis, tibialis anticus and gastrocnemius medialis of the left lower limb were monitored for electromyogram (EMG) activities resulted from L4, L5, and S1 stimulation respectively to differentiate the ventral root from dorsal root. A Laborie Urodynamics system was connected with a three channel urodynamic catheter inserted into the bladder. The L2 and L3 roots were stimulated separately while the intravesical pressure was monitored to evaluate the function of each root. RESULTS: The thresholds of stimulation on ventral root were 0.02 ms duration, 0.2-0.4 mA, (mean 0.3 mA+/-0.07 mA), compared with 0.2-0.4 ms duration, 1.5-3 mA (mean 2.3 mA+/-0.5 mA) for dorsal root (P<0.01) to cause revoked potentials and EMG. Electrical stimulation on L4 roots resulted in the EMG being recorded mainly on vastus medialis, while stimulation on L5 or S1 roots caused electrical activities of tibialis anticus or gastrocnemius medialis respectively. The continuous stimulation for about 3-5 seconds on S2 or S3 ventral root (0.02 ms, 20 Hz, and 0.4 mA) could resulted in bladder detrusor contraction, but the strongest bladder contraction over 50 cm H2O was usually caused by stimulation on S3 ventral root in 7 of the 10 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operating room electrophysiological monitoring is of great help to identify and separate ventral root from dorsal root, and to select the appropriate sacral ventral root for best bladder reinnervation. Different parameters and thresholds on different roots are the most important factors to keep in mind to avoid damaging the roots and to assure the best results.