RESUMEN
CONTEXT: Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE: This in vivo study evaluates the hepatoprotective role of Iranian A. wilhelmsii oils against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animals were divided into five groups: in negative control and control groups, the DMSO and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen were i.p. injected, respectively. In treatment groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg oils and 10 mg/kg BHT were given i.p. immediately after acetaminophen administration. Then, the hepatic oxidative/antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) after administrations confirmed by histophatological consideration at 24 h. RESULTS: The results indicated that acetaminophen caused a significant elevation in SOD activity (8-24 h) and LP and FRAP levels (4 h) paralleled with significant decline in GSH level (4 and 8 h). The apparent oxidative injury was associated with evident hepatic necrosis confirmed in histological examination. The presences of A. wilhelmsii oils (100 and 200 mg/kg) with acetaminophen mitigated significantly the rise in SOD, LP, and FRAP levels and restored the GSH compared with the group treated with acetaminophen. These were confirmed by histological examination indicating the hepatic necrosis reversal by the oils. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that concomitant administration of A. wilhelmsii oils with acetaminophen may be useful in reversing the drug hepatotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Acetaminofén/toxicidad , Achillea/química , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Masculino , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
CONTEXT: STW 5 (Iberogast(®)) is a well known herbal combination drug containing glycosides and flavonoids for which multiple pharmacological properties have been shown. OBJECTIVE: In this study, attempts were made to assess whether STW 5, an aqueous ethanol solution, has a preventive effect against liver and lung pathological damage in rats after experimental induction of sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)]. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental sepsis was induced in rats using CLP operation. The rats (n = 36) were divided into six groups (six/group): Sham-operated (SOP); CLP; CLP + STW 5 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and CLP + indomethacin. The drugs were injected intraperitoneally immediately after sepsis induction. RESULTS: It was found that induction of sepsis 24 h after CLP was associated with significant liver and lung damage, also remaining after STW 5 administration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It appears that STW 5, which has a pronounced efficacy in functional gastro-intestinal diseases, has no effect on septic liver and lung damage in the CLP rat model.
Asunto(s)
Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sepsis/prevención & control , Animales , Ciego/microbiología , Ciego/cirugía , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Ligadura , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Punciones , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sepsis/microbiología , Sepsis/patologíaRESUMEN
The effects of dietary essential oils prepared from caraway seeds on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rats has been studied. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypt (AC) induced by DMH were found to be significantly inhibited in colon of rats treated with essential oils in diet (0.01 and 0.1%). To find out the mechanism(s) by which the essential oils reduced colon premalignancies, plasma, liver, and colon tissues were collected and analyzed for parameters related to oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Lack of influence of caraway extracts on hepatic lipid peroxidation products, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) may suggest that the oils do not interfere with these factors. However, it was clearly shown that DMH-related changes in hepatic and colonic cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferae (GST) activities were recovered in liver but not in colon tissue in animals treated with caraway oil preparations. In conclusion, histopathological and biochemical data clearly showed that inhibition of colon premalignant lesions induced by DMH is mediated by interference of caraway oil components in the activities of the main hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
Asunto(s)
Carum , Neoplasias del Colon/prevención & control , Hígado/enzimología , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Xenobióticos/metabolismo , 1,2-Dimetilhidrazina , Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/prevención & control , Animales , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The relationship between ABO blood group distribution and Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) has been widely evaluated in the past. But data concerning the same evaluation are very limited in Iran. This study sought to determine the distribution of ABO blood group in patients with PUD in Iranian subjects. Eighty-one patients with PUD (51 male and 30 female; mean age: 49 +/- 18 years) who attended our endoscopy section were enrolled. Blood samples were used for ABO/Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigen typing. The ABO blood group phenotype distribution in subjects was as follows: 37.1% (30/81) for group A, 23.4% (19/81) for group B, 35.6% (28/81) for group O and 4.9% (4/81) for group AB. Rh positivity was found in 63% (51/81) of patients. In local healthy population, ABO/Rh blood group distribution was 33.8, 20.7, 34.7, 8.4 and 89.6% for A, B, O, AB and Rh, respectively. AB blood group distribution in healthy population was higher than PUD (8.4 vs 4.9%). In contrast, Rh positivity of PUD in Iran is lower than healthy subjects (63 vs 89.6%). Variation in the results of studies is related to different study communities. According to these results, probably ABO/Rh blood group has an important role in patients with peptic ulceration. The functional significance of ABO blood group distribution might be associated with biological behavior of PUD. The impact of blood group on PUD may be a focus for further studies.
Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/análisis , Úlcera Péptica/sangre , Úlcera Péptica/epidemiología , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Endoscopía , Femenino , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera Péptica/diagnóstico , Fenotipo , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Child development screening is important issue for early detection of developmental delay and disability. Children in different environment acquire developmental abilities at different age. In this paper we report the examination of Infant Neurological International Battery (INFANIB) as a screening tool for early detection of gross motor developmental delay in Iran. METHODS: In this study, we reported the result of a study which was conducted on 6150 consecutive 4- to 18-month infants who were referred form Karaj Health Network (Tehran Province) over a 12-month period. A questionnaire was filled for each child, and an evaluation was carried out with INFANIB by occupational therapists. Assessed infants had been classified in three categories: normal, transiently abnormal and abnormal neuro-development. The transient group infants were divided to normal and abnormal group after 3 months' follow-up. The abnormal group was referred to developmental centre for neuro-developmental examination. For depicting validity of the test, some of the normal, transient and abnormal group was evaluated randomly by paediatrician for neuro-developmental exam and for reliability of test between paediatrician and occupational therapist 54 infants scored randomly by both of them. RESULTS: The INFANIB was valid for normal and abnormal group with 90% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 79% positive predictive value and 93% negative predictive value (NPV). Also the reliability coefficient between the examiners (paediatrician and occupational therapists) was calculated, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that INFANIB is proposed as an appropriate screening test in developing countries such as Iran as a reliable measurement of gross motor developmental delay and short time of performing.
Asunto(s)
Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo/normas , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/diagnóstico , Desarrollo Infantil , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Irán , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The authors developed an 18-item Social Interaction Inventory that yielded a factorial structure based on the 3 domains of social interaction: interpersonal, personal, and extrapersonal. They administered the inventory to samples from 15 countries of the Asia-Pacific region (N = 146). The participants in the different cultural groups preferred to interact more within the interpersonal (in-group) domain as compared with the personal (individual) and extrapersonal (out-group) domains. The findings reflect a collective pattern, rather than an individualistic pattern, of social interaction in the societies of the Asia-Pacific region.
Asunto(s)
Comunicación , Relaciones Interpersonales , Adulto , Asia , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
To seven cerebral palsied children in a special elementary school, Dohsa-hou, a Japanese psychorehabilitative program, was introduced in a pre-post design. With the help of their mothers in writing they rated on a 5-point scale changes in their body consciousness by applying 8 1-hr. sessions of Dohsa-hou training to each child. Analysis suggests a significant positive change after training in body consciousness of these children especially for private as compared to public body consciousness.
Asunto(s)
Imagen Corporal , Parálisis Cerebral/psicología , Parálisis Cerebral/rehabilitación , Terapia por Relajación , Autoimagen , Adolescente , Parálisis Cerebral/terapia , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Movimiento/fisiología , Postura/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Dohsa-hou, a Japanese psychorehabilitation method for motor training, was introduced to 10 subjects with cerebral palsy in a pre-post (6-wk.) design. Four expert raters were asked to judge the improvement in range of motion, ease and smoothness of movement, correctness of posture) of these subjects. Findings suggest that the training method had a significant effect on body movement as compared to body posture. Since the effect may be peculiar to this subject group, further studies are suggested.