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INTRODUCTION: Bleeding is a common concern during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) that can increase the risk of damage to adjacent vital elements by reducing the surgeon's field of view. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis (CRSwP) who underwent FESS. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; tranexamic or saline treatment. During surgery, normal saline (400 mL) or tranexamic acid (2 g) in normal saline with a total volume of 400 mL were used in the saline and tranexamic groups, respectively, for irrigation and suctioning. The surgeons' assessment of field of view during surgery and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. RESULTS: Mean blood loss was 254.13 mL in the saline group and 235.6 mL in the tranexamic group (P=0.31). No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in terms of other investigated variables, such as surgical field quality based on Boezzart's scale (P=0.30), surgeon satisfaction based on a Likert scale (P=0.54), or duration of surgery (P=0.22). CONCLUSION: Use of tranexamic acid (2 g in 400 mL normal saline) through washing of the nasal mucosa during FESS did not significantly reduce blood loss or improve the surgical field of view. Further studies with larger sample sizes and higher drug concentrations, and using other methods of administration, such as spraying or applying pledgets soaked in tranexamic acid, are recommended.

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OBJECTIVE: Although tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed in pediatric, it has potential major complications such as pain and bleeding. This study aimed to compare the bleeding and pain after tonsillectomy in bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy versus cold dissection. METHODS: This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 70 pediatric patients who were candidate of tonsillectomy. Patients were divided into two groups of including bipolar cautery (BC) and cold dissection (CD). operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative bleeding and pain were evaluated in the current study. RESULTS: In both of the CD and BC groups, no significant difference was found in terms of sex and age. The average amount of the intraoperative blood loss in BC group was 14.086 ± 5.013 ml and in CD group was 26.14 ± 4.46 ml (p. v = 0.0001). The mean time of operation in BC group was 19 ± 2.89 min and in CD group was 29.31 ± 5.29 min (p. v = 0.0001). patients were evaluated in terms of pain on the first, third, fifth, and seventh days after the operation. No statistically significant difference was found between two groups. Moreover, Compared pain scores in all times across two groups, no significant difference was found. In terms of postoperative bleeding, none of the patients in both groups had bleeding during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy can significantly reduce the operation time and intraoperative blood loss; however, postoperative pain and blood loss were similar in both techniques. We recommend bipolar electrocautery as the most suitable alternative method for tonsillectomy, especially in children.

Asunto(s)

Adenoidectomía/métodos , Disección/métodos , Electrocoagulación/métodos , Dolor Postoperatorio/epidemiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/epidemiología , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/cirugía , Tonsilectomía/métodos , Tonsilitis/cirugía , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , Frío , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tempo Operativo , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148149.].

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INTRODUCTION: The human papilloma virus (HPV) can play a role in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our aim was to assess the prevalence of HPV DNA in SCC of the larynx. The impact of HPV infection on patient survival was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was performed in 44 patients with SCC of the larynx (case group), while the control group comprised samples obtained from cadavers with no previous history of malignancy. A preliminary pathologic evaluation was performed on all samples in the control group (36 samples) to ensure the absence of dysplasia or malignancy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HPV DNA. After completing the treatment protocol, patients were followed to assess the impact of HPV infection on overall survival (OS). RESULTS: PCR evaluation in the case group showed that HPV DNA was successfully isolated from 11 (25%) samples, while only two (5.6%) HPV DNA-positive were obtained from cadavers. According to these results, a significant difference was obtained in the prevalence of HPV DNA and laryngeal SCC between cases and controls (P=0.031). No statistically significant difference was observed in the OS of patients with or without HPV infection in the case group (P=0.235). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we suggest that the prevalence of HPV infection is higher in laryngeal SCC subjects compared with healthy individuals. Although a longer OS was seen in HPV-positive patients, survival analysis did not show a significant difference in the comparison of HPV-positive and negative findings in SCC patients.

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OBJECTIVE: Obtaining adequate hemostasis during otolaryngology operations is necessary because a small amount of blood can be problematic and obscure the visual field. The authors aimed to compare the efficacy of combined greater palatine canal (GPC) and transnasal injection of lidocaine + epinephrine to transnasal injection alone in patients who underwent septoplasty. METHODS: Patients with nasal septum deviation who were eligible for surgical correction of deviations were enrolled. Transnasal injections of 2 mL of 1% lidocaine + epinephrine 1:100,000 were performed in both groups and for patients in the combination group the same solution was also injected in the GPC. Objective (amount of suctioned blood) and subjective (intraoperative bleeding score) assessments were done during operation. Close hemodynamic monitoring was performed for all patients. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to study groups. No significant differences were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure of study subjects between 2 groups. The amount of bleeding in patients who received GPC injection and their counterparts in the other arm of the trial were 34.64 ±â€Š26.66 and 100.48 ±â€Š20.90 mL, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean intraoperative bleeding score in combination group was 0.79 ±â€Š0.42 and significantly lower than the corresponding figure in monotherapy group, which was 1.75 ±â€Š0.41 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the current study, the authors suggest that combined GPC and transnasal injection of lidocaine and epinephrine is a safe and effective method for reducing bleeding during septoplasty.

Asunto(s)

Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Epinefrina/administración & dosificación , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Tabique Nasal/cirugía , Rinoplastia/métodos , Adulto , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Nariz , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vasoconstrictores/administración & dosificación

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Intraoperative bleeding reduction during functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a key factor in preventing surgery complications. That is implemented through prescribing systemic corticostroid before surgery. This study aimed to explore an efficient nasal Furosemide versus systematic corticosteroids to reduce intraoperative bleeding.

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Endoscopía/métodos , Furosemida/administración & dosificación , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Pólipos Nasales/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Administración Tópica , Adulto , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Preoperatorios

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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common otological disorder characterized by a hearing loss greater than 30 dB over three consecutive frequencies, in less than 72 hours. It has been established that platelet parameters, such as mean platelet volume, are associated with ischemic heart events, whose clinical manifestations are similar to those of SSNHL. Hence, we aimed to determine if the platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width are related to the occurrence and severity of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. A case-control prospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Iran. One hundred-eight patients with SSNHL and an equal number of healthy, age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the subjects, and the platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width were measured with an automated blood cell counter. Analysis of the audiometry and hematological test results using SPSS22 software showed no statistical correlation between the platelet parameters and the occurrence of SSNHL, but correlation coefficients showed a significant correlation between PDW and hearing loss severity in patients group. However, further investigation is required to unequivocally establish the absence of correlation between the platelet parameters and occurrence of SSNHL.

Asunto(s)

Plaquetas/metabolismo , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Demografía , Femenino , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Volúmen Plaquetario Medio , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Plaquetas , Análisis de Regresión

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INTRODUCTION: In order to achieve a higher success rate for tympanoplasty, different techniques have been developed, and a wide variety of grafting materials have been developed. One of the techniques currently receiving considerable attention involves not lifting the remaining of eardrum from the malleus and embedding the graft underneath in order to repair the eardrum correctly in its original position, as well as minimizing graft lateralization leading to progression of hearing rehabilitation. We compared the effects of tympanoplasty with and without malleus lifting on hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 30 consecutive patients diagnosed as having chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma were randomly assigned to two tympanoplasty groups; with or without malleus lifting. Air and bone conduction thresholds were recorded before and 45 days after the intervention. RESULTS: In groups, except for 8000 Hz, the air conduction was significantly improved following surgery. According to air conduction there was no difference between the groups before surgery at different frequencies, although it was improved to a greater degree in the group without lifting at 250 Hz postoperatively. The average post-operative air-bone gap (ABG) gain was significantly higher in all study frequencies in the target group. One of the effects of this technique is inner-ear protection from physical trauma to the ossicular chain, and prevention of damage to bone conduction. CONCLUSION: A higher hearing threshold and also higher ABG gain can be achieved by not lifting the remaining eardrum from the malleus and embedding the graft undereath it, especially at lower frequencies.

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Paragangliomas are neoplasms of neural crest origin. In the head and neck, they uncommonly involve the larynx. The distinction between paragangliomas and other neuroendocrine tumors can be difficult. Precise diagnosis is important in order to optimize patient treatment. Diagnosis relies mostly on histopathologic examination followed by immunohistochemistry. Here we report a 77-year-old woman with laryngeal paraganglioma that initially misdiagnosed as laryngeal carcinoid tumor.

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In mastoid surgeries, contralateral ear noise exposure is a known, identified factor leading to high-frequency hearing loss due to the wide variety of surgical devices that may be used during the surgery. However, the hearing threshold recovery time after this trauma was uncertain. The present study aimed to assess this time. In this prospective survival analysis study, 28 consecutive patients with chronic otitis media who were undergoing tympanomastoidectomy were assessed. Standard pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were measured in all contralateral ears before and 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after the surgery. Based on the PTA postoperative hearing loss, survival rates at frequencies of 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz, and 8000 Hz were 44.4%, 36.4%, 51.7%, and 47.4%, 24 h after surgery; 11.1%, 9.1%, 10.3%, and 13.2%, 48 h after surgery; and 0%, 0%, 3.4%, and 2.6%, 72 h after surgery, respectively. Based on the PTA and DPOAE, survival rates at all frequencies were 0%, 96 h after the surgery. According to the PTA, mean hearing recovery times were 61.98 ± 26.76 h (3000 Hz), 62.73 ± 26.50 h (4000 Hz), 67.08 ± 25.90 h (6000 Hz), 70.70 ± 24.13 h (8000 Hz), and with regard to DPOAE the recovery times were 58.58 ± 28.39 h (2000 Hz), 63.32 ± 28.83 h (4000 Hz), 65.22 ± 29.13 h (6000 Hz), and 75.14 ± 22.70 h (8000 Hz), respectively. To conclude, high-frequency hearing loss usually occurs following mastoid surgeries that is mainly temporary and reversible after 72 h.

Asunto(s)

Umbral Auditivo , Pérdida Auditiva de Alta Frecuencia/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/etiología , Apófisis Mastoides/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Otológicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Colesteatoma/cirugía , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva de Alta Frecuencia/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Otitis Media/cirugía , Emisiones Otoacústicas Espontáneas , Estudios Prospectivos , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos , Adulto Joven

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Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is an extremely rare, chronic, benign, idiopathic disorder that mostly affects the upper respiratory tract, particularly the nasal cavity, and features progressive submucosal perivascular fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, only seven cases of EAF with orbital involvement have been reported. We report a case of sinonasal EAF with orbital extension that presented with left nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A 35-year-old man presented with left epiphora, proptosis, anterolateral globe displacement and nasal obstruction. Endoscopic sinus examination showed a firm, gritty, creamy, yellow, fibrous, adherent mass of maxillary sinus. Diagnosis was established with histopathological examination of excisional biopsy of the lesion. Although EAF is very rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions of upper airway tract, particularly the nasal cavity. Biopsy is necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning. Resecting of the involved tissues completely is essential for prevention of recurrence.

Asunto(s)

Eosinofilia/patología , Enfermedades Nasales/patología , Órbita/patología , Adulto , Fibrosis/patología , Humanos , Masculino

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In the current study, we evaluated the effectiveness of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. All patients were previously received medical treatment but their symptoms did not resolve. A prospective study was conducted in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. Several sleep indices were evaluated using polysomnography (PSG) in all patients before performing UPPP and tonsillectomy. All patients were visited 6 months after surgery and PSG was repeated to assess the efficacy of surgical intervention. A total of 48 patients were enrolled and underwent UPPP and tonsillectomy. Six months after surgery, significant improvements were observed in all indices of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory distress index, arterial oxygen saturation, and snoring index). The score of daytime sleepiness (assessed by Epworth score) was also improved. According to the result of this study, using UPPP surgery in patients with OSA can cause symptoms improvement in 64 % of cases. It seems that Muller's maneuver test has assisted in briefly increasing success rate after surgery, though to prove this claim; other studies should be designed and performed in a randomized clinical trial.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory process that causes different clinical symptoms: nasal blockage and congestion, posterior and anterior nasal drip, and smell disorder ranging from reduced olfaction (hyposmia) to complete loss of smell (anosmia). It has been suggested that mechanical blockage of olfactory clef after polypectomy is responsible for the persistent impairment of olfaction in some cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of application of steroids at the olfactory cleft in improving olfactory function in patients who underwent sinus surgery. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in Yazd, Iran, between March and December 2012. Eligible patients who had CRS with polyposis and underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited. An absorbable gelatin dressing combined with triamcinolone (case) or normal saline (control) was applied at the site of surgery. Olfaction was assessed by butanol threshold tests before and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were enrolled into the study and were equally divided into triamcinolone and control groups. Subjects in both arms of trial experienced augmentation of smell function throughout the study; however, patients who received triamcinolone had better improvement after 8 weeks (p = 0.007). Complete remission rate was 100% in the triamcinolone group and the corresponding figure was 76% in the control group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that application of triamcinolone at the olfactory cleft can boost the effect of surgery in restoring olfactory function.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Endoscopía , Esponja de Gelatina Absorbible/administración & dosificación , Pólipos Nasales/terapia , Nariz/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Olfato/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Rinitis/terapia , Sinusitis/terapia , Triamcinolona/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pólipos Nasales/complicaciones , Nariz/cirugía , Apósitos Oclusivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Recuperación de la Función , Inducción de Remisión , Rinitis/complicaciones , Sinusitis/complicaciones , Olfato/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triamcinolona/efectos adversos

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INTRODUCTION: This study examined the diagnostic value of ultrasound and radiography compared with clinical examinations as the gold standard method to determine whether ultrasound can be used for early diagnosis of nasal fracture. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 128 patients with clinical signs of nasal fracture. Radiography in all patients was performed by 2 different radiologists on Waters and lateral view with a 10-MHz ultrasound probe, and clinical examinations were done by an ENT specialist. Radiography and ultrasound findings were recorded and compared with the final diagnosis which was based on clinical examinations. Results were analyzed with different statistical methods to determine sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. RESULTS: In the assessment of fracture with ultrasound, sensitivity was 84%, specificity 75%, accuracy 82%, positive predictive value 91%, and negative predictive value 61%. In the assessment of fracture on lateral view radiography, sensitivity was 50%, specificity 72%, accuracy 55%, positive predictive value 84%, and negative predictive value 32%. On Waters view radiography, sensitivity was 53%, specificity 65%, accuracy 56%, positive predictive value 82%, and negative predictive value 31%. On lateral-waters view radiography, sensitivity was 64%, specificity 58%, accuracy 62%, positive predictive value 82%, and negative predictive value 34%. Fracture diagnosis by ultrasound was significantly better as compared with radiography (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The nasal bone ultrasound study is a useful method in determining the nasal fracture and radiography can be replaced with ultrasound in early diagnosis of fracture.

Asunto(s)

Hueso Nasal/lesiones , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hueso Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Ultrasonografía , Adulto Joven

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Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory condition in western countries. Nasal polyposis has different symptoms such as nasal obstruction, anterior or posterior nasal drip, reduced sense of smell, and facial pain. Medical and endoscopic treatments are the two main treatments for nasal polyposis. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of different methods on olfactory function. This is a non-randomized clinical trial study that was done on 60 patients who were divided into two groups (medical and surgical). Patients were matched based on age, history of smoking, and the severity of obstruction. The radiologist score of Lund-Mackay staging system was used to match patients in two arms of the trial based on the severity of nasal obstruction. Patients in surgery groups underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia and then received Fluticasone propionate nasal spray for 8 weeks (400 mcg bd). Patients in the medical group were only prescribed with Fluticasone propionate with the same duration and same dose as mentioned. As a result of treatment protocol, both medical and surgical group experienced improvement in olfactory function but statistical analyses revealed that surgery resulted in better resolution of symptoms. Our observation revealed that combined treatment had a better effect than medical treatment in restoring olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis.

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Androstadienos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Obstrucción Nasal/terapia , Pólipos Nasales/terapia , Trastornos del Olfato/terapia , Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Rinitis/terapia , Sinusitis/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Terapia Combinada , Endoscopía , Femenino , Fluticasona , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obstrucción Nasal/etiología , Pólipos Nasales/complicaciones , Rociadores Nasales , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Rinitis/complicaciones , Sinusitis/complicaciones , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven

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INTRODUCTION: Septal deviation is the chief cause of chronic nasal obstruction. In order to treat such cases, nasal septoplasty surgery is usually performed based on patient complaints and a surgeon's examination, both of which are subjective. This study aims at using the objective parameters of acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry to evaluate the effectiveness of septoplasty surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 30 candidate patients for septoplasty surgery. Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry tests were performed on all patients both before and 3 months after the operation. The symptom recovery rate was recorded according to the patient's statements and anterior rhinoscopic examinations 3 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using a t-test and chi-square tests in a SPSS package. RESULTS: A total of 26 of 30 patients returned for a post-procedure follow-up examination after 3 months. Patients were aged from 18 to 32 years (average, 25 years). In total 69.2% (18 patients) were satisfied with the results of the procedure. In addition, rhinomanometry resulted in a decrease in general nasal resistance if patients used decongestants (P=0.03). However, the decrease was not significant before the use of decongestants (P=0.12). Furthermore, according to the results from acoustic rhinomanometry, there was an increase in the nasal cross-sectional area on both the narrow and wide sides after the operation (P<0.05), although this increase was not so notable in the narrower side after using decongestants. There was, however, no significant relationship between the results from the objective tests and the patient's symptoms or clinical examinations (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study show that although the objective tests confirm an improvement in general nasal resistance and an increase in the nasal cross-sectional area after surgery, no unambiguous relationship between the patient's symptoms and the clinical examinations is observed. Therefore, such objective tests do not prove to be sufficient diagnostic criteria for the effectiveness of septoplasty.

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Simple snoring is a social problem, one that can gravely affect the patient's married life. About 40% of men and 20% of women are affected, and it often goes along with sleep-disordered breathing. Up to now various surgical techniques have been defined such as UPPP(uvulopalatopharyngo plasty), and laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP). Among the surgical methods, RAUP (radiofrequency assisted uvulopalatoplasty) is a minimal invasive, an easy performed, and time and cost effective one. We designed a before and after a clinical trial. The inclusion criteria were age >18 years, complaint of nocturnal snoring, have a bed partner to assess snoring, AHI<5 events per hour in the polysomnography, malampathy score (soft palate position) I or II, an elongated uvula, grade I and II of pharyngeal webbing and patient consent was needed too. A 10-score visual analog scale (VAS) of snoring severity was completed by bed partner. All of 35 included patients underwent RAUP under local anesthesia by the same expert surgeon. After 3 months, 6 months and one year, subjective snoring decreased significantly compared to the preoperative period. The decline in VAS in 6 month compared to 3 months postoperatively, was not significant (P=0.223). When comparing 1 year and 6 months after treatment, the VAS scores were increased, but they were not significant (From 1.8 to 1.9, P=0.78). Three months after treatment minor complications consisted of: nasal regurgitation in 2 patients (5.7%), nasal speech in 2 (5.7%) and exacerbation of snoring in 2 (5.7%) patients.There was no major complication including mucosal laceration, uvular damage and obstruction of the airway. The rate of snoring decrease did not correlate with age, sex and BMI. Based on this study and literature review, it seems RAUP is a safe surgery, which may decrease symptoms of snoring, at least, in short-term follow-up.

Asunto(s)

Hueso Paladar/cirugía , Ondas de Radio , Ronquido/cirugía , Úvula/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polisomnografía , Ronquido/fisiopatología

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Synovial sarcoma is a rare form of malignant tumour and accounting approximately for 8% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Head and neck synovial sarcomas are uncommon and parapharyngeal space involvement is extremely rare. We report a case of synovial sarcoma in the parapharyngeal space of a 13-year-old boy with a history of neurofibromatosis presented with odynophagia, ptosis and left submandibular mass. The lesion extended from retrostyloid parapharyngeal space to the skull base and foramen jugular superiorly. The first clinical and radiological impressions were carotid jugular related tumours such as schwannoma and paraganglioma.

Asunto(s)

Neurofibromatosis/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Faríngeas/diagnóstico , Sarcoma Sinovial/diagnóstico , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Neurofibromatosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Neurofibromatosis/patología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Faríngeas/patología , Sarcoma Sinovial/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcoma Sinovial/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

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Nasal polyps are associated with the inflammation of the nasal cavity and the sinus mucosa. When medical treatment cannot solve a patient's problem, a functional endoscopic sinus surgery may be indicated. Bleeding impairs the surgery field during operation and increases the operation risk and time. Pre-operative corticosteroids can reduce bleeding during surgery. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of pre-operative single-dose prednisolone (1 mg/Kg/dose 24 h before surgery) versus 5-day prednisolone (1 mg/Kg/day before operation) on the bleeding volume and the surgery field quality during FESS. In this mono blind randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with bilateral nasal polyps were randomly assigned in two groups. The first group (A) received a single dose of 1 mg/Kg/dose prednisolone on the day before the surgery. The second group (B) received 1 mg/Kg/day prednisolone for 5 days before the operation. The patients were operated on under general anesthesia through the same protocol. The mean arterial blood pressure was 70-80 mm Hg in both groups. The surgeons were not aware of the patients' group. The bleeding volume and the surgeons' opinion about the surgery field quality were recorded at the end of the procedure and analyzed by Chi-square and t test. The two groups were not significantly different in their overall demographic and clinical characteristics. The mean bleeding volume during the operation was 266.5 ± 96.31 ml in group A and 206 ± 52.81 ml in group B; there was a significant difference between the groups (P value = 0.038). There was no significant difference between the groups in the surgeons' opinion about the surgery field quality (P value = 0.09). In conclusion, unlike a single dose (1 mg/kg/dose), treatment with 5-day prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) can reduce blood loss during FESS more efficiently and may improve the surgery field quality slightly. But this difference is not clinically significant.

Asunto(s)

Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Pólipos Nasales/cirugía , Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Volumen Sanguíneo , Endoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Simple Ciego

RESUMEN

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep disordered breathing can lead to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of adenotonsillectomy on improvement of ADHD symptoms in a quasi-experimental (before and after) study. The efficacy of adenotonsillectomy on improvement of ADHD symptoms of 35 children aged 5-12 years with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and ADHD was evaluated six months after surgery. Diagnosis of ADHD was based on the DSM-IV criteria in three subtypes (predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type and combined type). Seventeen boys (49%) and eighteen girls (51%) with mean (± SD) age of 7.4 ± 3.8 years (range: 1-10 years) were evaluated. Frequency of combined type of ADHD decreased significantly six months after adenotonsillectomy (54.3% versus 22.9%, P=0.003). ADHD inattention score (2.26 ± 1.93 versus 0.96 ± 0.45, P=0.005), hyperactivity score (4.23 ±3.57 versus 3.57 ±8, P=0.03) as well as ADHD combined score (9.66 ±2.58 versus 7.2 ±3.67, P=0.0001) improved significantly after surgery. Upper air way obstruction due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy might be an important and treatable cause of ADHD and should be considered in evaluation of affected children. Adenotonsillectomy in these children is associated with improvements in ADHD symptoms.

Asunto(s)

Adenoidectomía , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/cirugía , Tonsilectomía , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/psicología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino