Asunto(s)
COVID-19/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Labios/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/diagnóstico , Trombosis/diagnóstico , Biopsia , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/virología , Prueba de COVID-19 , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Labio/irrigación sanguínea , Labio/inmunología , Labio/patología , Enfermedades de los Labios/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Labios/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Labios/patología , Microvasos/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/inmunología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patología , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Trombosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis/inmunología , Trombosis/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The effects of combinations of the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol and the phenylpropanoid eugenol in larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (Acari: Ixodidae) were assessed by the larval packet test. The CompuSyn program was used to make qualitative assessments of the effects (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) of the associations. The effects of all combinations tested against R. microplus larvae were synergistic, with combination indices (CIs) <0.70. When tested against R. sanguineus, eight of the mixtures showed a synergistic effect (CI < 0.70); only the carvacrol + thymol mixture at LC50 presented a moderate synergistic effect, with CIs between 0.70-0.90. This study is the first to determine the effects of the interactions of these substances in the control of these two tick species. The combinations of carvacrol + thymol, carvacrol + eugenol and thymol + eugenol have synergistic effects in R. microplus and R. sanguineus s.l. larvae.
Asunto(s)
Acaricidas , Eugenol , Monoterpenos , Rhipicephalus , Timol , Animales , Cimenos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rhipicephalus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Leaf samples of yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) displaying fruit woodiness symptoms were collected in seven Brazilian states and the Federal District. Viral infection was confirmed by host range and ELISA, and fourteen viral isolates were obtained. All isolates were capable of infecting several leguminous host species, although differences in symptom severity were noticeable. Woodiness symptoms were reproduced in yellow passionfruit, and mosaic symptoms were induced in common bean. All isolates infected cowpea, reported as a non-host of passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV). Indirect ELISA demonstrated that all isolates were serologically related to each other and also to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The complete sequence of the capsid protein was determined for all isolates. Comparison of these sequences with those of other potyviruses indicated the highest identity with CABMV isolates (85 to 94%). Identity with PWV isolates ranged from 54 to 70%. Phylogenetic analysis grouped all of the Brazilian isolates in a monophyletic cluster with the CABMV isolates, clearly distinct from the PWV isolates. Furthermore, this analysis demonstrated that a group of previously characterized isolates from Brazil that had been designated as PWV should be reclassified as CABMV. Together, these results provide unequivocal evidence that, in Brazil, passionfruit woodiness disease is primarily caused by CABMV. The presence of PWV in Brazil has yet to be confirmed.
Asunto(s)
Passiflora/virología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Potyvirus/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Fabaceae/virología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/virología , Potyvirus/clasificación , Potyvirus/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
3Beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol, pomolic acid, ursolic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin), quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside and quebrachitol were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dipladenia martiana (Apocynaceae). The hexane extract yielded lupeol and sitostenone. These compounds are likely to be responsible for the therapeutic effects.
Asunto(s)
Apocynaceae , Flavonoides/química , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Triterpenos/química , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cytokines may alter metabolic pathways and contribute to malnutrition among human immunodefiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2R), beta2-microglobulin serum levels and plasma viral load of 45 HIV-positive patients were determined and correlated to nutritional status impairment. Patients were grouped by CD4 counts into categories I (< 200/microl), II (200-499/microl), III (> or = 500/microl). There were 15 healthy controls. A nutritional grading system, based on anthropometric and laboratory data, was devised. Scores ranged from 0 to 5 (eutrophic to malnutrition). RESULTS: AIDS patients' cytokines and immune marker levels were significantly higher than those of the controls, but not always higher than those of other categories. AIDS patients had higher nutritional deficit grades than category III (p < 0.05) or the controls (p < 0.02) which, except for viral load, correlated with the parameters studied. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status impairments in HIV-positive individuals were associated with immune activation but not with viral load.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Interleucina-6/sangre , Trastornos Nutricionales/fisiopatología , Estado Nutricional , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Adulto , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carga ViralRESUMEN
A 3',3'-di-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-2',4'-di-oxo-enolchalcone (tunicatachalcone) and five known C-prenylflavonoids were isolated and/or identified from the roots of Tephrosia tunicata. Their structures were established by spectral methods and chemical transformation.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Rosales/química , Flavonoides/química , Estructura Molecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus presenting specific steroid hormone receptors, both in the yeast and mycelial forms and estrogen inhibits the transition from mycelium to yeast. In the acute phase, the disease occurs with equal frequency in both sexes but in adults, females are spared. Placental fungal infection has been reported, but references to fetal infection have not been confirmed. We used 78 Syrian female hamsters divided into 3 groups: GI consisted of 30 infected mated females, GII of 20 infected unmated females and GIII of 28 uninfected mated females. Animals of group I were mated 4 weeks after infection and half of them were submitted to cesarean section on day 15 after successful mating; the other half was maintained and submitted to cesarean section and sacrificed 14 weeks after infection. Half of the animals of group II were sacrificed seven weeks and the other half 14 weeks after infection. Uninfected animals of group III were treated the same as the animals of group I. The animals were infected with strain 18 of P. brasiliensis by the intracardiac route. We evaluated the disease by the volume of granulomas in different organs, number of fungi in liver and spleen and the immunologic responses [ELISA, Double Immunodifusion (DID), Delayed Hypersensitivity Skin Test (DHT) and Macrophage Migration Inhibition (MMI)]. We studied the infection through the gestation by evaluation of the abortions, morphologic and clinic examinations of the fetuses. Our results showed that the infection did not transfer to the fetus through the placenta, but the number of abortions was larger among infected females. The newborns of GI females were smaller, weighed less and showed little vitality. The disease was more severe and disseminated in infected mated females, especially in the second sacrifice 14 weeks after inoculation, when the total volume of granulomas in them (56.3 mm) was much greater than in the infected unmated females (12 mm).
Asunto(s)
Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Paracoccidioidomicosis/fisiopatología , Glándulas Suprarrenales/microbiología , Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Peso Corporal , Cesárea , Cricetinae , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Feto/microbiología , Granuloma/microbiología , Granuloma/patología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía , Inmunodifusión , Inmunohistoquímica , Hígado/microbiología , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Paracoccidioidomicosis/patología , Paracoccidioidomicosis/transmisión , Placenta/microbiología , Embarazo , Bazo/microbiología , Bazo/patologíaRESUMEN
This study was designed to evaluate retrospectively the frequency and etiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) lesions in 45 consecutive necropsies of adult patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Gross descriptions and histological sections of the GI tract, from mouth to anus, were reviewed. The slides were H&E stained, and when necessary special stains and immunohistochemical methods were also employed. There were lesions in GI tract in 37 (82.3%) patients; the mouth was the segment most frequently involved (73.3% of the cases), followed by the colon (55.5%). Multiple lesions occurred in 17 (37.7%) cases. Cytomegalovirus caused colonic lesions in 35.7% of the cases. Candidiasis was observed in 26.6% mainly in the mouth and herpes simplex (8.8%) was the important agent of esophageal lesions. Oral hairy leukoplasia associated with HPV was found in 16 (35.5%) cases. Neoplasia was diagnosed in 7 (15.5%) cases: four Kaposi's sarcoma, two anal intramucosal carcinomas and one gastric lymphoma. Our data confirm the high frequency and variety of GI tract alterations in AIDS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/patología , Adulto , Autopsia , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The authors report a case of spontaneous regression of a cervical esophagus malignant tumor, confirmed by several biopsies. They emphasize the factors which could be involved, in a general way, with the phenomenon, as well as the importance of its study.