RESUMEN

Among the most important aquaculture resources for our country, salmon and trout stand out. Their production has increased significantly in recent decades, making them two of the most valuable resources in economic terms. However, high aquaculture production has allowed many pathogens to proliferate, causing infectious diseases and significant production losses. Piscirickettsia salmonis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is responsible for causing severe disease in a variety of salmonid fish species. Despite the significant impact of P. salmonis on aquaculture, effective treatments for this disease remain limited. Current prevention and control strategies often include antibiotics and vaccines. However, these treatments have shown varying degrees of efficacy. A promising approach involves synthesizing bioactive analog compounds with antibacterial properties. Quinones, secondary metabolites that are abundant in nature, have become a focal point of interest due to their diverse physiological activities, including antibiotic, insecticidal, antifungal, and anticancer properties. In this study, it is shown the synthesis of series 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones, the characterization of these compounds using classical spectroscopic methods such as one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR (infrared), mass spectrometry, and the biological activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis. The brominated derivative compounds showed no cytotoxicity at any concentration evaluated. Furthermore, the infectivity of P. salmonis after treatment with the analog compounds indicated that derivatives methyl 6-bromo-7-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4b) and methyl 7-((4'-amino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-6-bromo-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4g) reduced the bacterial load at 25 µg/mL concentration.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de los/las docentes de la Escuela de Obstetricia de la Universidad de Chile respecto a la implementación de la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo (21.030) durante el año 2019.Método: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de la Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad de Chile. Los datos fueron procesados mediante un análisis narrativo para obtener 4 dimensiones principales y 11 categorías. Se utilizó el programa NVivo® como apoyo al análisis de datos. Resultados: Los resultados se agruparon en 4 dimensiones: contextualización de la ley, opinión de la ley, objeción de conciencia y capacitación profesional. Los/las docentes entrevistados destacan la importancia de esta ley en cuanto a derechos sexuales y reproductivos, consideran que las principales falencias se encuentran en su implementación y que están relacionadas con la objeción de conciencia institucional o de ideario. Perciben que, en cuanto a su capacidad como profesionales, existen carencias para enfrentarse a dicha situación y manifiestan gran interés por una constante formación y capacitación en este tema. (AU)

Objective: To explore the perception of midwifery academics at the Midwifery School from the Faculty of Medicine in Universidad de Chile in relation to the implementation of Law on Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (21.030) during the year 2019.Methodology: Qualitative descriptive study with hermeneutical pheno­menological approach. 14 semi-structured interviews to academics from midwifery school in Universidad de Chile were conducted. The data was processed through a narrative analysis in order to obtain 4 main dimensions and 11 categories. The NVivo® software was used as a support for the data analysis.Results: The results were grouped into four main dimensions: law contextualization, opinion on the law, conscientious objection and professional training. The interviewees highlight the importance of this law regarding sexual and reproductive rights and consider its main flaws are found on its implementation, primarily related to ideological or institutional conscientious objection. The academics state, about their capabilities as professionals, that there exists a deficiency to face such situation and express great interest in a constant training on the subject. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

This article presents a dataset of raw microscopic images of the prefrontal cortex from wistar rat tissues, after an induced stroke, stained with NeuN antibody. The raw images were captured using a microscope equipped with a digital camera. The dataset is useful for testing techniques for the improvement, registration, and stitching to generate a high-resolution image with a full reconstruction of tissues. Besides, this dataset can be used to assess the neuronal brain after an ischemic event. The dataset contains 1370 microscope images with 20x magnification and 36 (Hierarchical Data Format version 5) hdf5 files with homography matrices between every pair of sequential images per tissue rows.

RESUMEN

This article presents a dataset of thermal and visible aerial images of the same flat scene at Melendez campus of Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. The images were acquired using an UAV equipped with either a thermal or a visible camera. The dataset is useful for testing techniques for the improvement, registration and fusion of multi-modal and multi-spectral images. The dataset consists of 30 visible images and their metadata, 80 thermal images and their metadata, and a visible georeferenced orthoimage. The metadata related to every image contains the WGS84 coordinates for allocating the images. Also, the homography matrices between every image and the orthoimage are included in the dataset. The images and homographies are compatible with the well-known assessment protocol for detection and description proposed by Mikolajczyk and Schmid [1].

RESUMEN

Introducción: el perfil de egreso de la carrera de Fonoaudiología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) compromete que los estudiantes desarrollen habilidades transversales esenciales para entregar un servicio de excelencia. Para este desarrollo, uno de los elementos claves es que los cursos utilicen metodologías activas con desafíos progresivos y monitoreados. Una de estas metodologías es Aprendizaje Servicio (A+S). El objetivo de este estudio es describir el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la metodología A+S en el plan de estudios de la carrera de Fonoaudiología. Método: en base al modelo UC de institucionalización de A+S y un proyecto de docencia institucional adjudicado, se definen habilidades transversales a desarrollar en los cursos. Se inicia el proceso de incorporación de la metodología a través de un piloto y se aplican encuestas institucionales para evaluar los resultados de la implementación. Resultados: se seleccionan cinco cursos para trabajar las habilidades transversales de compromiso social, trabajo en equipo, habilidades comunicativas, pensamiento crítico y resolución de problemas en 3 niveles de desempeño según la progresión curricular del estudiante. Los alumnos manifiestan una alta contribución de la metodología al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, superando el 85 por ciento de aprobación en todos los cursos. El 100 por ciento de los profesores considera importante su incorporación en la malla curricular. Discusión: se logra adaptar e implementar un modelo de incorporación de la metodología A+S en la carrera de Fonoaudiología, lo que permite que los estudiantes tengan oportunidades de desarrollo de las habilidades transversales declaradas en el perfil de egreso, de manera organizada, monitoreada, y progresiva a lo largo del plan de estudios.(AU)

Background: the graduate profile of the Speech and Language Pathology program at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)describes that students will develop essential transversal skills that will allow them to deliver excellent care as health professionals. Thisrequires the use of active learning methodologies in its courses, one of which is Service Learning (S+L). This study aims to describe the design, implementation and evaluation of S+L in the curriculum of Speech and Language Pathology program. Method: based on the UC model of implementation of S+L and an institutional teaching project grant, the transversal skills to be developed in each of the courses were defined. The process of incorporating the methodology began with a pilot. Institutional surveys were applied to evaluate the results of the implementation. Results: five courses were selected to work on the transversal skills of social commitment, teamwork,communication skills, critical thinking and problem-solving in 3 levels of performance according to the student's curricular progression. The students saw a high contribution of the methodology to the research process, surpassing the 85 percent approval in all the courses. 100 percent of teachers consider important to incorporate S + L into the curriculum. Discussion: it was possible to adapt and implement a model of incorporation of the S + L methodology in the Speech and Language Pathology career, which allows students to develop the transversal skills declared in the graduation profile, in an organized, monitored, and progressive way throughout the curriculum.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

We describe a fatal case of polymicrobial meningitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient from Guatemala caused by Cryptococcus liquefaciens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Central nervous system infections caused concurrently by these species are extremely rare. This is also the first report of disseminated disease caused by C. liquefaciens.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción A partir del 2008 se detectaron varios aislados de Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) multirresistentes, incluyendo resistencia al linezolid y a la teicoplanina, en pacientes ingresados en dos hospitales de Mallorca. Por ello, se inició un estudio para determinar la epidemiología molecular y el mecanismo de resistencia al linezolid. Métodos El estudio de epidemiología molecular se realizó mediante electroforesis en campo pulsado (ECP), tras digestión con ApaI. Se efectuó amplificación de un fragmento de los genes ARNr 23S (con secuenciación posterior) y cfr. Resultados Desde marzo de 2008 hasta febrero de 2009 se detectaron 15 aislados de S. hominis resistentes al linezolid y a la teicoplanina, procedentes de 14 pacientes. Todos ellos excepto uno habían ingresado en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de alguno de los dos hospitales. La mayoría de los aislados (9) se obtuvieron en hemocultivos. Gran parte de los pacientes infectados (12 de los 15 episodios infecciosos, el 80,0%) recibieron pautas de linezolid antes de la detección del aislado resistente. La ECP reveló la presencia de un único clon entre los aislados de S. hominis resistentes al linezolid. Se detectó la mutación G2576T en todas las cepas resistentes, mientras que la PCR del gen cfr fue negativa en las mismas. Todos los aislados fueron también resistentes a la penicilina, oxacilina, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacino, levofloxacino y tobramicina; y sensibles a la eritromicina, tetraciclina, gentamicina y daptomicina. La CMI a la vancomicina fue de 4μg/ml en todos ellos. Conclusiones La detección de cepas de estafilococos resistentes al linezolid resalta la necesidad de racionalizar el uso del linezolid y mantener un control activo de dicha resistencia con objeto de preservar la utilidad clínica de este antimicrobiano (AU)

Objective: Since March 2008, several linezolid and teicoplanin-resistant Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis)isolates have been recovered from patients admitted to the two major hospitals on the island of Majorca, Spain. For this reason, a study was conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology of these isolates and the mechanism of linezolid resistance. Methods: The molecular epidemiology study was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)analysis, after digestion with ApaI. Linezolid resistance mechanisms were evaluated by PCR amplification of a fragment of the domain V of the 23S rRNA gene (followed by sequencing) and cfr gene. Results: From March 2008 to February 2009, 15 linezolid and teicoplan in-resistant S. hominis isolates were recovered from 14 patients. All of them, except one, were hospitalised in the intensive care units of either of the two institutions. Isolates were obtained mainly from blood cultures (9). The majority of infected patients (12 of 15 infectious episodes, 80.0%) had received courses of linezolid prior to detection of the resistant isolate. PFGE analysis revealed the presence of a unique clone among linezolid resistant S. hominisisolates. The G2576T mutation was detected in all the linezolid resistant strains. None of the resistant isolates showed a positive PCR for the cfr gene. All of the isolates were also resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tobramicin; whereas all of them were susceptible to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and daptomycin. The MIC of vancomycin was4 g/ml for all the strains. Conclusions: The detection of linezolid resistant Staphylococci highlights the need to rationalise the use of linezolid, and maintain an active surveillance of its resistance to preserve the clinical usefulness of this antimicrobial (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Since March 2008, several linezolid and teicoplanin-resistant Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) isolates have been recovered from patients admitted to the two major hospitals on the island of Majorca, Spain. For this reason, a study was conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology of these isolates and the mechanism of linezolid resistance. METHODS: The molecular epidemiology study was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, after digestion with ApaI. Linezolid resistance mechanisms were evaluated by PCR amplification of a fragment of the domain V of the 23S rRNA gene (followed by sequencing) and cfr gene. RESULTS: From March 2008 to February 2009, 15 linezolid and teicoplanin-resistant S. hominis isolates were recovered from 14 patients. All of them, except one, were hospitalised in the intensive care units of either of the two institutions. Isolates were obtained mainly from blood cultures (9). The majority of infected patients (12 of 15 infectious episodes, 80.0%) had received courses of linezolid prior to detection of the resistant isolate. PFGE analysis revealed the presence of a unique clone among linezolid resistant S. hominis isolates. The G2576T mutation was detected in all the linezolid resistant strains. None of the resistant isolates showed a positive PCR for the cfr gene. All of the isolates were also resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tobramicin; whereas all of them were susceptible to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and daptomycin. The MIC of vancomycin was 4µg/ml for all the strains. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of linezolid resistant Staphylococci highlights the need to rationalise the use of linezolid, and maintain an active surveillance of its resistance to preserve the clinical usefulness of this antimicrobial.

Asunto(s)