RESUMEN
Nowadays, significant amounts of agro-industrial wastes are discarded by industries; however, they represent interesting raw materials for the production of high-added value products. In this regard, orange peels (ORA) and exhausted sugar beet cossettes (ESBC) have turned out to be promising raw materials for hydrolytic enzymes production by solid state fermentation (SSF) and also a source of sugars which could be fermented to different high-added value products. The maximum activities of xylanase and exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG) measured in the enzymatic extracts obtained after the SSF of ORA were 31,000 U·kg-1 and 17,600 U·kg-1, respectively; while for ESBC the maximum values reached were 35,000 U·kg-1 and 28,000 U·kg-1, respectively. The enzymatic extracts obtained in the SSF experiments were also employed for the hydrolysis of ORA and ESBC. Furthermore, it was found that extracts obtained from SSF of ORA, supplemented with commercial cellulase, were more efficient for the hydrolysis of ORA and ESBC than a commercial enzyme cocktail typically used for this purpose. In this case, maximum reducing sugars concentrations of 57 and 47 g·L-1 were measured after the enzymatic hydrolysis of ESBC and ORA, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Celulasa , Residuos Industriales , Fermentación , HidrólisisRESUMEN
Exhausted sugar beet cossettes (ESBC) show an enormous potential as a source of sugars for the production of bio-products. Enzyme hydrolysis with the combined effect of mainly cellulases, xylanases and pectinases, turned out to be very efficient, obtaining almost double the concentration of sugars measured with the sole action of Celluclast® and ß-glucosidase, and increasing 5 times the hydrolysis rate. As the sole pretreatment, ESBC soaked in the hydrolysis buffer were autoclaved, avoiding the application of severe conventional biomass pretreatments. Moreover, a promising alternative for the complete utilization of glucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and maltose contained in ESBC is proposed in this paper. It consists of sequential fermentation of sugars released in the hydrolysis step to produce bioethanol and lactic acid as main bio-products. Compared to separate fermentations, with this strategy glucose and hemicellulose derived sugars were completely consumed and the 44% of pectin derived sugars.
Asunto(s)
Beta vulgaris , Biomasa , Eliminación de Residuos/métodos , Beta vulgaris/química , Beta vulgaris/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Carbohidratos/análisis , Carbohidratos/química , Fermentación , Hidrólisis , beta-Glucosidasa/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/terapia , Estómago/lesiones , Adhesivos Tisulares/uso terapéutico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedad Iatrogénica , Instrumentos QuirúrgicosRESUMEN
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Asunto(s)
Femenino , Anciano , Humanos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/terapia , Estómago/lesiones , Adhesivos Tisulares/uso terapéutico , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Enfermedad Iatrogénica , Instrumentos QuirúrgicosRESUMEN
A 32-year-old male patient was admitted at our department presenting microhematuria and full nephrotic syndrome in April 1995. A percutaneous kidney biopsy showed a stage I-lI membranous nephropathy and an eight-week course with oral prednisone was initiated without response. Then, oral cyclosporine A (3.5 mg/kg/day) was given and after 5 weeks of treatment, remission of the nephrotic syndrome was observed but creatinine raised to 1.6 mg/dl, normalizing after reducing the dose of cyclosporine A. We discuss the settings, prognostic and therapeutic alternatives for idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
Asunto(s)
Ciclosporina/efectos adversos , Glomerulonefritis Membranosa/complicaciones , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Síndrome Nefrótico/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Calcineurina , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Creatinina/sangre , Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/complicaciones , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Lisinopril/uso terapéutico , Lovastatina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Síndrome Nefrótico/etiología , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Recurrencia , Verapamilo/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Papers dealing with the study of the immune response to dengue virus infection and with the role it may play in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhaghic fever are increasingly important. The memory human T cell response in individuals with history of dengue infection during the Cuban epidemic was studied in this paper for a further evaluation of the antigenicity of viral proteins. To this end, mononuclear cells of peripheral blood from individuals immune to dengue and from a group of control subjects with viral antigens were incubated. It was obtained a significant proliferative response of lymphocytes from individuals with history of infection against dengue virus type 2 compared with control subjects. It was proved this way the dengue virus-specific memory T CD4+ cell response in the individuals under study.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Virus del Dengue/inmunología , Dengue/sangre , Dengue/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adulto , Antígenos Virales/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The cellular immune response to dengue type 2 virus envelope protein was studied. To this end, the lympho-proliferative capacity of T-lymphocytes obtained from splenocytes of animals immunized with the protein when they were stimulated by such protein and dengue 2 virus. It was realized that splenocytes proliferated significantly in response to both types of viral antigens and that the values of stimulation indexes were higher in response to the whole virus than to the protein alone. Based on the above-mentioned, it was concludes that purified dengue 2 virus envelope protein was capable of generating specific and memory responses of antigen T-cell to dengue 2 type virus.