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Lentinus crinitus (L.) Fr is a wild macrofungus that is popular as antimicrobial and various biological activities. This study aims to determine the capacity growth stimulation of Lactobacillus paracasei and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of L. crinitus obtained from wild basidiomata, mycelial biomass by liquid fermentation and spent mushroom substrate obtained by solid-state fermentation. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against bacterial and fungal pathogens and growth stimulation L. paracasei probiotic bacterium. The total carbohydrate and ß-glucan contents of the extracts were determined using colorimetric analysis. The aqueous extracts obtained showed inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The aqueous extract obtained from wild basidiomata, and mycelial biomass showed the highest percentage of stimulation of L. paracasei growth in 48 h. The extracts obtained from L. crinitus have antimicrobial potential and stimulating capacity of the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei. Additionally, different biotechnological techniques such as liquid and solid-state fermentation can be used to obtain aqueous extracts.
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In Colombia, despite the great diversity of mushrooms, most are yet unknown from the taxonomic point of view, and even less known from their nutritional composition or their possible application to obtain value-added products from agro-waste. The mycelial growth of Lentinus crinitus (L.) Fr strain was investigated on agro-waste in culture media agar and correlation analyses were performed. The proximate and mineral element composition was determinate in wild mushrooms and spent substrate of L. crinitus, obtained in the solid-state fermentation. The evaluation of the mycelial growth of the L. crinitus strain confirmed that it can grow on agro-waste. The treatment T6 (Orange peel and brand) was determined to be the best for the mycelial growth of L. crinitus (0.0790 cm/h), T7 (Bran, Orange peel and rice husk) and T5 (Rice hush and orange peel) followed, with mycelial growth rates of 0.0753 cm/h and .0720 cm/h, respectively. The growth rate was positively correlated with C/N ratios but negatively correlated with Zn, N and protein. The combination of the agro-waste (T6, T7 and T5) were used to obtain the spent substrate and assess its nutritional potential. The results showed that wild mushrooms of L. crinitus had protein contents of 14.42%, and fiber of 57.18%. The spent substrate of L. crinitus increased their protein content (10.5-11.22%), fiber (44.1-56%) and nitrogen (1.64-1.28%). These advances are promising for the use of L. crinitus as degrader of agro-waste to obtain different products of food and agro-industrial interest.
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INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) was designed to identify the presence and degree of bother associated with common pelvic floor symptoms. The PFBQ can be used in clinical practice and for research purposes, but it is not available in Brazilian Portuguese. We aimed to validate a cross-culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the PFBQ. METHODS: A pilot-tested version of the PFBQ translated from English was evaluated with Brazilian patients suffering from pelvic floor disorders. Internal reliability, test-retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients (mean age, 60.49 years) were enrolled in the study. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PFBQ demonstrated good reliability (α = 0.625; ICC = 0.981). There was strong agreement beyond chance for each item (κ = 0.895-1.00). The PFBQ correlated with stage of prolapse (p < 0.01), number of urinary (ρ = 0.791, p < 0.001) and fecal (ρ = 0.78, p < 0.001) incontinence episodes, and obstructed defecation (ρ = 0.875, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PFBQ is a reliable, valid, and user-friendly instrument that can be used for assessing the presence and severity of pelvic floor symptoms in clinical and research settings in Brazil.
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Trastornos del Suelo Pélvico/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Suelo Pélvico/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Suelo Pélvico/epidemiología , TraducciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We evaluated the anatomical success and complications of Perigee® with porcine dermis Graft in the repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVWP) MATERIALS AND METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, the charts of all patients who underwent AVWP repair using the Perigee/InteXen® kit from July 2005 to July 2009 were reviewed. Patients who had less than 6-month follow-up were excluded. Preoperative data including patient age, previous AVWP repairs, hysterectomy status, preoperative dyspareunia and pertinent physical findings were collected and recorded. Postoperative success was defined as anatomical stage 0 or I using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) scoring system. Graft related complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Out of 89 patients, 69 completed at least 6-month follow-up. Median follow-up was 13 (6-48) months. Seventeen patients (25%) had previous AVWP repair and 32 (46%) had previous hysterectomy. Preoperatively, AVWP stage II was found in 9 (13%), stage III in 27 (39%) and stage IV in 33 (48%) patients. Anatomic success was found in 48 (69%) patients, with 23 (33%) having stage 0 and 25 (36%) stage I AVWP. Intraoperative complications included incidental cystotomy in one patient and bladder perforation in one. Postoperative complications included vaginal exposure and dyspareunia in one case, wound dehiscence in one and tenderness over the graft arm with dyspareunia in one. CONCLUSIONS: The use of porcine dermis in AVWP repair is safe with minimal graft related complications; however, anatomical success is lower than that reported with the use of synthetic grafts.
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Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Bioprótesis , Dermis/trasplante , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/instrumentación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/métodos , Prolapso Uterino/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introduction and Hypothesis We evaluated the anatomical success and complications of Perigee® with porcine dermis Graft in the repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVWP) Materials and Methods After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, the charts of all patients who underwent AVWP repair using the Perigee/InteXen® kit from July 2005 to July 2009 were reviewed. Patients who had less than 6-month follow-up were excluded. Preoperative data including patient age, previous AVWP repairs, hysterectomy status, preoperative dyspareunia and pertinent physical findings were collected and recorded. Postoperative success was defined as anatomical stage 0 or I using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) scoring system. Graft related complications were also recorded. Results Out of 89 patients, 69 completed at least 6-month follow-up. Median follow-up was 13 (6-48) months. Seventeen patients (25%) had previous AVWP repair and 32 (46%) had previous hysterectomy. Preoperatively, AVWP stage II was found in 9 (13%), stage III in 27 (39%) and stage IV in 33 (48%) patients. Anatomic success was found in 48 (69%) patients, with 23 (33%) having stage 0 and 25 (36%) stage I AVWP. Intraoperative complications included incidental cystotomy in one patient and bladder perforation in one. Postoperative complications included vaginal exposure and dyspareunia in one case, wound dehiscence in one and tenderness over the graft arm with dyspareunia in one. conclusions The use of porcine dermis in AVWP repair is safe with minimal graft related complications; however, anatomical success is lower than that reported with the use of synthetic grafts. .
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Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bioprótesis , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Dermis/trasplante , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/instrumentación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/métodos , Prolapso Uterino/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Periodo Posoperatorio , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pregabalin at flexible doses of 150-600 mg/day in Latin American patients with neuropathic pain. METHODS: A prospective, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study included patients age >or= 18 years diagnosed with neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), or human immunodeficiency virus-related PNP. Eligible patients (N = 121) had a score of >or= 40 mm on the visual analogue scale and a daily pain rating scale (DPRS) score of >or= 4 throughout screening. Patients received flexible-dose pregabalin (150-600 mg/day) for 12 weeks, which included a 4-week dose-adjustment phase. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline to end of treatment/last observation carried forward (EOT/LOCF) in weekly mean pain score on the DPRS. Secondary efficacy measures included pain, anxiety, sleep interference, treatment satisfaction and Patient and Clinician Global Impression of Change. RESULTS: Pregabalin significantly reduced the weekly mean pain score on DPRS from baseline to EOT/LOCF [-3.8 (95% CI: -4.2 to -3.3); p < 0.0001]. Reductions from baseline to EOT/LOCF were observed for all secondary efficacy outcomes (p < 0.0001). Pain and sleep interference were significantly improved compared with baseline across all weeks of the study, as early as 1 week after initiation of pregabalin (p < 0.0001). The most common adverse events (AEs) were somnolence, dizziness, weight gain and peripheral oedema. Nine (7.4%) patients discontinued the study because of AEs and 25 (20.7%) temporarily stopped or reduced their pregabalin dose because of AEs. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible-dose pregabalin (150-600 mg/day) significantly reduced pain and anxiety and improved sleep and was generally well tolerated in Latin American patients with neuropathic pain.
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Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Neuralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Analgésicos/efectos adversos , Colombia , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ecuador , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Perú , Pregabalina , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Venezuela , Adulto Joven , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/administración & dosificación , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/efectos adversosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: : In many clinical trials of pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder (OAB), the duration of symptoms is reported as a baseline characteristic; none has investigated this as a prognostic variable. We evaluated the efficacy of solifenacin by patient-reported OAB duration. METHODS: : In this post hoc analysis, patients from a 12-week, open-label study of solifenacin were grouped into 3 OAB duration categories: 3 months to 1 year, 1 to 5 years, and more than 5 years. Changes from baseline to end point on the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), and visual analog scale (VAS) are summarized for each duration cohort. In addition, analysis of covariance was used to compare baseline characteristics and treatment-related changes from baseline among the 3 duration cohorts. RESULTS: : After 12 weeks, all 3 duration cohorts showed numeric improvements in the PPBC, VAS, and OAB-q. Approximately 75% of patients in each group showed improvement on the PPBC. All 3 cohorts showed a 36- to 45-point improvement in the level of bother on the symptom-specific VAS. The magnitude of score improvements (14-31 points) on the OAB-q exceeded the minimally important within group difference of 10 points in all 3 groups. Although results from the analysis of covariance model indicated statistically significant differences between the 3 cohorts for some end points, these differences were numerically small and may not be clinically relevant. Tolerability was similar among the cohorts and compared with the safety population. The most frequently reported adverse events were dry mouth, constipation, headache, and blurred vision. CONCLUSIONS: : These findings showed that irrespective of OAB symptom duration, patients who received 12 weeks of solifenacin perceived meaningful improvements in symptom-specific bother, health-related quality of life, and their overall bladder condition.
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The presence of bla(SHV-5) is described in a compound transposon, duplicated in tandem and flanked by IS26 copies on a 70-kb conjugative plasmid (pHNM1), in an Enterobacter cloacae strain associated with a nosocomial outbreak that occurred in Mexico.
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Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Enterobacter cloacae/genética , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Brotes de Enfermedades , Enterobacter cloacae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacter cloacae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Duplicación de Gen , Orden Génico , Humanos , Recién Nacido , México/epidemiología , Plásmidos , Resistencia betalactámicaRESUMEN
Overactive bladder is commonly treated with oral anticholinergic drugs such as oxybutynin chloride. Although oral anticholinergic agents have been effective in controlling urinary urgency and incontinence, adverse events, particularly dry mouth, often cause patients to discontinue oral therapy and to endure incontinence. Oxybutynin can be delivered transcutaneously, maintaining the efficacy of oral oxybutynin while significantly minimizing side effects (e.g., dry mouth) that may complicate therapy. By avoiding hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism of oxybutynin, less N-desethyloxybutynin (N-DEO) is produced and this compound is deemed to be responsible for anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth. This novel oxybutynin formulation offers patients with OAB and urge urinary incontinence a well-tolerated option for managing the symptoms of overactive bladder.
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Ácidos Mandélicos/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administración & dosificación , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Cutánea , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ácidos Mandélicos/farmacocinética , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Overactive bladder is commonly treated with oral anticholinergic drugs such as oxybutynin chloride. Although oral anticholinergic agents have been effective in controlling urinary urgency and incontinence, adverse events, particularly dry mouth, often cause patients to discontinue oral therapy and to endure incontinence. Oxybutynin can be delivered transcutaneously, maintaining the efficacy of oral oxybutynin while significantly minimizing side effects (e.g., dry mouth) that may complicate therapy. By avoiding hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism of oxybutynin, less N-desethyloxybutynin (N-DEO) is produced and this compound is deemed to be responsible for anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth. This novel oxybutynin formulation offers patients with OAB and urge urinary incontinence a well-tolerated option for managing the symptoms of overactive bladder.
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Humanos , Ácidos Mandélicos/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administración & dosificación , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Cutánea , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ácidos Mandélicos/farmacocinética , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of adulthood; however, a subset of early-onset patients exists, representing 1% of all HD patients. We reviewed a population of 155 HD-families to determine the frequency, molecular and clinical characteristics of children with an onset before the age of 10 years. In each case, a neurological evaluation was performed as well as molecular detection of the expanded CAG triplet in the affected child and both parents. The family history was also reviewed and updated. Seven children (1.92%) had onset of symptoms before the age of 10, two of them were dead by the time of the study. Large CAG expansions with intergenerational instability were identified, and in one case the child's allele was almost three times larger than the allele of the asymptomatic transmitting father, a situation reported only once before. Clinically, they showed preponderance of rigidity, seizures, learning disabilities and a rapid course of the disease. We attempted to use UHDRS. However, consistent results could not be obtained, suggesting that the scale should be revised for use in juvenile cases. HD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in children, even in the absence of a positive family history.
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Enfermedad de Huntington/genética , Alelos , Encéfalo/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia Tónico-Clónica/diagnóstico , Genotipo , Humanos , Enfermedad de Huntington/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Fenotipo , Mutación Puntual/genética , Expansión de Repetición de Trinucleótido/genéticaRESUMEN
Based on the DNA sequence of the symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium strain NGR234, we predicted potential rearrangements generated by homologous recombination. All predicted rearrangements were identified experimentally by using a PCR-based methodology. Thus, the predicted and the actual dynamic maps of the replicon coincide. By using an approach that does not involve the introduction of exogenous genetic elements, derivative populations that are pure for specific rearrangements were obtained. We propose that knowledge of the DNA sequence of a genome offers the possibility of designing pathways of sequential rearrangements leading to alternative genomic structures. An experimental strategy to isolate bacterial populations containing the desired structures is discussed.
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ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Rhizobium/genética , Selección GenéticaRESUMEN
The resting behavior of Aedes aegypti (L.) adults was investigated in 14 districts of Panama City, Panama, in relation to ground ultra-low volume (ULV) applications of malathion. Adults primarily rested inside the premises (75.1%) at a distance > 6 m from the street (86.4%). Both sexes rested mainly in bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. The small ULV aerosol droplets (2-4 microns) penetrated all indoor resting sites of Ae. aegypti, but in low amounts. Because of the low amount of insecticide reaching the primary resting sites within the premises, limited control of the Ae. aegypti was obtained. This limited the potential effectiveness of ground vehicle ULV applied insecticide as a dengue epidemic control method.
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Aedes , Conducta Animal , Insecticidas , Malatión , Control de Mosquitos , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Panamá , DescansoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to carry out a short term evaluation of the effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microflora and gingivoperiodontal tissues in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis. A total of 92 sites from 23 patients were studied; patients ranged between 35 and 60 years of age (x 46.4 +/- 1.71). Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BP), Probing Depth (PD), and Attachment Level (AL) were measured. Subgingival microflora of the same sites was studied by dark field microscopy, and cultures in non-selective and selective media for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (Pi/n), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). The patients were included in a supragingival plaque control program which included oral hygiene training and assessment, and professional control of supragingival plaque and calculus. After 28 days, measurement of clinical parameters and the microbiological study were repeated. The sites were divided according to baseline PD values into: Group 1 (5 mm), Group 2 (6 mm) and Group 3 (> or = 7 mm). Results revealed a significant reduction in PI scores, GI scores, PB and PD in groups 2 and 3. No significant difference in AL was observed in any of the three groups. PI scores were found to decrease significantly in group 1, and GI scores, BP and PD tended to decrease. A significant increase in coccoid cells and a significant decrease in motile rods and spirochetes, both small and total, was observed in groups 2 and 3. Group 1 showed a significant decrease in medium and total spirochetes. At the end of the study, a significant decrease in Pi/n was found in all three groups. Significant decreases were found in Pg and Fn in Groups 3 and 2 respectively. Although it holds true that supragingival plaque control reduced a potentially pathogenic subgingival microbiota, this effect was not sufficient to be compatible with healthy gingivoperiodontal tissues.
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Placa Dental/prevención & control , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiología , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/aislamiento & purificación , Índice de Placa Dental , Raspado Dental , Femenino , Fusobacterium nucleatum/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/aislamiento & purificación , Prevotella intermedia/aislamiento & purificación , Spirochaetales/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to carry out a short term evaluation of the effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microflora and gingivoperiodontal tissues in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis. A total of 92 sites from 23 patients were studied; patients ranged between 35 and 60 years of age (x 46.4 +/- 1.71). Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BP), Probing Depth (PD), and Attachment Level (AL) were measured. Subgingival microflora of the same sites was studied by dark field microscopy, and cultures in non-selective and selective media for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (Pi/n), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). The patients were included in a supragingival plaque control program which included oral hygiene training and assessment, and professional control of supragingival plaque and calculus. After 28 days, measurement of clinical parameters and the microbiological study were repeated. The sites were divided according to baseline PD values into: Group 1 (5 mm), Group 2 (6 mm) and Group 3 (> or = 7 mm). Results revealed a significant reduction in PI scores, GI scores, PB and PD in groups 2 and 3. No significant difference in AL was observed in any of the three groups. PI scores were found to decrease significantly in group 1, and GI scores, BP and PD tended to decrease. A significant increase in coccoid cells and a significant decrease in motile rods and spirochetes, both small and total, was observed in groups 2 and 3. Group 1 showed a significant decrease in medium and total spirochetes. At the end of the study, a significant decrease in Pi/n was found in all three groups. Significant decreases were found in Pg and Fn in Groups 3 and 2 respectively. Although it holds true that supragingival plaque control reduced a potentially pathogenic subgingival microbiota, this effect was not sufficient to be compatible with healthy gingivoperiodontal tissues.
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The aim of this study was to carry out a short term evaluation of the effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microflora and gingivoperiodontal tissues in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis. A total of 92 sites from 23 patients were studied; patients ranged between 35 and 60 years of age (x 46.4 +/- 1.71). Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BP), Probing Depth (PD), and Attachment Level (AL) were measured. Subgingival microflora of the same sites was studied by dark field microscopy, and cultures in non-selective and selective media for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (Pi/n), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). The patients were included in a supragingival plaque control program which included oral hygiene training and assessment, and professional control of supragingival plaque and calculus. After 28 days, measurement of clinical parameters and the microbiological study were repeated. The sites were divided according to baseline PD values into: Group 1 (5 mm), Group 2 (6 mm) and Group 3 (> or = 7 mm). Results revealed a significant reduction in PI scores, GI scores, PB and PD in groups 2 and 3. No significant difference in AL was observed in any of the three groups. PI scores were found to decrease significantly in group 1, and GI scores, BP and PD tended to decrease. A significant increase in coccoid cells and a significant decrease in motile rods and spirochetes, both small and total, was observed in groups 2 and 3. Group 1 showed a significant decrease in medium and total spirochetes. At the end of the study, a significant decrease in Pi/n was found in all three groups. Significant decreases were found in Pg and Fn in Groups 3 and 2 respectively. Although it holds true that supragingival plaque control reduced a potentially pathogenic subgingival microbiota, this effect was not sufficient to be compatible with healthy gingivoperiodontal tissues.
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Most of the tests, questionnaires, and neuropsychological batteries for the assessment of dementia have been translated and adapted for use in the Hispanic population without having normative data, which results in a high number of false positives when age and educational level are not considered. The Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) is a psychometric instrument evaluating memory and attention deficits that has been developed and standardized in Germany (Erzigkeit, 1989a, 1989b). The objective of this study was to adapt the SKT, to establish normative criteria that take into consideration age and educational level, and to establish its concurrent validity in comparison to other neuropsychological tests: Brief Neuropsychological Evaluation for Spanish-Speaking Subjects (Ostrosky-Solis et al., 1994), the Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein et al., 1975), and the Blessed Functional Scale (Blessed et al., 1968) in 238 neurologically intact subjects and 97 subjects with mild to moderate dementia. The SKT showed adequate sensitivity (80.5%) and specificity (80.3%) in subjects with medium and high educational level; however, the sensitivity and specificity diminished (75% and 56.7%) in subjects with no education or low educational level. The adapted and validated version of the SKT in the Mexican population has been shown to be a psychometric instrument that in subjects with medium educational level can detect cognitive alterations and is able to determine the severity of deterioration; however, in subjects with low educational level and severe dementia, the SKT cannot be usefully administered.
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Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Demencia/diagnóstico , Lenguaje , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Demencia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Valores de Referencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 contains three replicons: the symbiotic plasmid or pNGR234a, a megaplasmid (pNGR234b), and the chromosome. Symbiotic gene sequences not present in pNGR234a were analyzed by hybridization. DNA sequences homologous to the genes fixLJKNOPQGHIS were found on the chromosome, while sequences homologous to nodPQ and exoBDFLK were found on pNGR234b.
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ADN Bacteriano , Replicón , Rhizobium/genética , SimbiosisRESUMEN
Se estudió la incidencia del Cáncer Gástrico en los pacientes afiliados al Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social que acudieron al Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital "Carlos Andrade Marín" de Quito,entre 1978 y 1990. Se encontraron 579 casos de cáncer gástrico. Hubo predominio en el sexo masculino y en el grupo de 50 a 79 años de edad. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron el tercio medio inferior del estómago.El 65.4 por ciento presentaron adenocarcinomas diferenciados y predominaron en edad avanzada.El 50.94 por ciento se sometió a cirugía. El entrenamiento adecuado del personal médico y el equipamiento del Centro de Investigación de Enfermdades Gastroentéricas permitieron detectar 37 casos de carcinoma gástrico temprano, cuya sobrevidad fue del 94.5 por ciento hasta el momento