RESUMEN
Evaluated the hypothesis that more effective prognosis is achieved by assessing the modifiability of infants' reactions than by evaluating the presence or absence of normal/abnormal reactions. To evaluate this hypothesis the Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale (NAS) was developed. The NAS assesses the extent to which infants can change their responses in functional contexts. The NAS was administered to 102 high-risk infants repeatedly over the first 16 months of life. Analysis confirmed that the modifiability of performance was predictive of outcome significantly earlier in development than scoring the same items in terms of their normalcy or abnormalcy.
Asunto(s)
Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Personas con Discapacidad , Conducta del Lactante , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas/normas , Embarazo de Alto Riesgo , Adaptación Psicológica , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Embarazo , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Locomotor strategies used before the acquisition of independent walking were studied in 424 infants. 270 were survivors of neonatal intensive care (the index group); the other 154 (controls) had had no perintal complications. Five forms of locomotion were distinguished: crawling on hands and knees, creeping on the stomach, bottom-shuffling, other, and none before independent walking. Crawling was the most common form of locomotion in both groups. A higher percentage in the index group were late crawlers (greater than 10 months), but similar proportions in both groups were bottom-shufflers or simply stood up and walked. One of the most important factors influencing locomotor strategies was asymmetry. Analysis of the influence of locomotor strategies on psychomotor and linguistic outcome up to five years showed no significant relationships within the index group. However, within the control group, infants who crawled had a statistically greater incidence of later motor delay, which is in contrast to the findings of other studies.
Asunto(s)
Daño Encefálico Crónico/psicología , Desarrollo Infantil , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/psicología , Destreza Motora , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Inteligencia , Locomoción , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Desempeño Psicomotor , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Mortality and long-term outcome in low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Padua in 1975, 1978/79, and 1983 were analysed. Mortality rates fell from 75% in 1975 to 58% in 1978/79 and to 33% in 1983. Incidence of sequelae decreased from 1975 to 1978/79 and did not change between 1978/79 and 1983. No perinatal pathology (RDS, hyperbilirubinemia, endocranial hemorrhage) was statistically related with long-term outcome, but some associations (RDS + endocranial hemorrhage + seizures) appeared more frequently in cases which presented major neurological sequelae.