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2.
Minerva Ginecol ; 65(3): 303-9, 2013 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23689173

RESUMEN

AIM: Candida infection is one of the main causes of vulvovaginitis. The experience of symptoms of vulvovaginitis during pregnancy changes in relation to clinical, behavioral, and demographic factors. Candidiasis is associated with an increased risk of delivery complications. In some studies pregnant women are found more symptomatic than non-pregnant women, but in others a higher prevalence of asymptomatic infections is described during pregnancy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Candida vaginal colonization in pregnant women, and investigate if the occurrence of symptoms is influenced by pregnancy, in a population of Italian native and immigrant women. METHODS: A total of 344 outpatients, who visited the laboratory for routine genital examination, independently of pregnancy or presence or absence of symptoms of vulvovaginitis, were evaluated. RESULTS: Colonization by Candida spp. was significantly higher in pregnant than non-pregnant patients (31.4% vs. 19.9%; χ2=5.59; P=0.018), nevertheless pregnant women were significantly more often asymptomatic compared to non-pregnant (46.5% vs. 16%; χ2=42.31; P<0.0001). In the sub-group of women colonized by Candida spp., pregnancy resulted significantly associated to asymptomatic infection (58.1% vs. 30.8%; χ2 =6.18; P=0.013). A binary logistic regression analysis showed pregnancy or lactobacilli colonization independently associated to a lower probability of experiencing symptoms of vulvovaginitis (respectively: P<0.0001 and P=0.008). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy seems to be independently associated to Candida spp. asymptomatic vaginal infection. Given that candidiasis has been associated with possible delivery complications, these results suggest to screen for Candida spp. vaginal colonization asymptomatic women during pregnancy.


Asunto(s)
Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/complicaciones , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Modelos Logísticos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven
5.
Ann Oncol ; 20(8): 1408-13, 2009 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19465421

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Levels of cell-free circulating DNA have been correlated to clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with cancers of epithelial origin, while there are no data on patients with B-lymphoproliferative diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cell-free DNA levels in the plasma samples of 142 patients with lymphomas [45 with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), 63 with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL), 24 with follicular, and 10 with mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)] at diagnosis and of 41 healthy individuals were determined using a quantitative PCR for the beta-globin gene. RESULTS: Levels of circulating DNA in patients with HL, DLBCL, and mantle cell NHL were significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.01 for all). Increased levels of plasma DNA were associated with advanced stage disease, presence of B-symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and age >60 years (P = 0.009; <0.0001; <0.0001; 0.04, respectively). In HL, histological signs of necrosis and grade 2 type of nodular sclerosis were associated with increased plasma DNA. Elevated plasma DNA levels were associated with an inferior failure-free survival in patients with HL (P = 0.01) and DLBCL (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Quantification of circulating DNA by real-time PCR at diagnosis can identify patients with elevated levels that are associated with disease characteristics indicating aggressive disease and poor prognosis.


Asunto(s)
ADN de Neoplasias/sangre , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/genética , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Adulto , Anciano , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/sangre , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/sangre , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Pronóstico , Adulto Joven , Globinas beta/genética
6.
Leukemia ; 22(9): 1685-91, 2008 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18580952

RESUMEN

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and anticancer drugs, known also to interact with kinase complexes during oxidative or chemical stress-induced apoptosis. We were interested whether their polymorphic variants may account for differences in outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following chemotherapy. We studied the prognostic role of polymorphisms in three GST genes (GSTP1/M1/T1) in a large patient cohort of the German Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group, treated according to prospective multicenter clinical trials (AML HD98A: 254 patients; AML HD98-B: 100 patients), with a median follow-up of 46 months. Looking at short-term adverse drug reactions, homozygous carriers of the GSTP1*105 Val allele had a faster neutrophil and platelet recovery (P=0.002 and 0.02, respectively) and a reduced need of red cell and platelet transfusions (P=0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Response to induction chemotherapy did not vary according to GST polymorphisms. Multivariable Cox regression models revealed a significant better relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival for the GSTP1(*)105 Val (P=0.003 and 0.03, respectively), whereas GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes had no significant impact. The favorable impact of GSTP1(*)105 Val on RFS seems to be restricted to the subgroup of patients exhibiting a normal karyotype.


Asunto(s)
Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Plaquetas/citología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutrófilos/citología , Pronóstico , Inducción de Remisión , Análisis de Supervivencia
7.
Ann Oncol ; 18(9): 1523-8, 2007 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17761709

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in genes involved in detoxification and DNA-repair pathways may modify the individual's risk for genomic damage, and, as a consequence, the risk of developing malignant diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a case-control study including 160 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and 162 matched controls to test the impact of six genomic polymorphisms on the risk to develop AML and/or therapy-related AML. RESULTS: We found a significantly higher prevalence of the polymorphic variants RAD51-G135C and CYP3A4-A-290G genes in AML cases, when compared with controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04), increasing the risk of AML 2.1-folds (95% CI: 1.1-4.0) and 3.2-fold (95% CI: 1.1-11.5), respectively. Carriers of both the RAD51-G135C and CYP3A4-A-290G variants were at highest AML risk (P = 0.003; OR:13,6; 95% CI: 2.0-585.5), suggesting a synergistic effect between these polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that polymorphic variants in DNA-repair and detoxification enzymes may co-operate in modulating the individual's risk of AML.


Asunto(s)
Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimología , Fase II de la Desintoxicación Metabólica/genética , Fase I de la Desintoxicación Metabólica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Humanos , Isoenzimas/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , NAD(P)H Deshidrogenasa (Quinona)/genética , Recombinasa Rad51/genética , Factores de Riesgo
8.
Ann Oncol ; 18(8): 1376-81, 2007 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17496310

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), the production of cytokines by Reed-Sternberg cells and the surrounding tissue is thought to contribute to the biology of the disease. Cytokine expression can be altered by common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'-promoter regions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied polymorphic allele variants of the cytokine genes interleukin (IL)-10 (T-3575A, G-2849A, C-2763A, A-1082G and C-592A), IL-6 (G-174C) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (C-863A and G-308A) in 184 patients with HL, and analyzed for associations with treatment outcome. RESULTS: Carriers of the IL-10-592AA and the IL-6-174GG genotypes had a significantly lower probability of freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for failure of 2.92 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.58-5.41, P = 0.001] and of 1.75 (95% CI 1.04-2.92, P = 0.03), respectively. Reconstructing haplotypes from the five SNPs in the IL-10 promoter revealed that homozygous carriers of the IL-10.4 haplotype (T-G-C-A-A) had a worse FFTF (HR, 2.35; 95% CI 1.2-4.6, P = 0.01). In the Cox multivariate analysis, the IL-10-592AA, the IL-6-174GG genotypes and stage were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that cytokine genotypes predict clinical outcome in patients with HL and points to the importance of the genetic background of the host for treatment response.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/mortalidad , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pronóstico
9.
Br J Cancer ; 95(8): 1108-13, 2006 Oct 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17047656

RESUMEN

BRCA1 plays a pivotal role in the repair of DNA damage, especially following chemotherapy and ionising radiation. We were interested in the regulation of BRCA1 expression in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), in particular in therapy-related forms (t-AML). Using real-time PCR and Western blot, we found that BRCA1 mRNA was expressed at barely detectable levels by normal peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes, whereas control BM-mononuclear cells and selected CD34+ progenitor cells displayed significantly higher BRCA1 expression (P=0.0003). Acute myeloid leukaemia samples showed heterogeneous BRCA1 mRNA levels, which were lower than those of normal bone marrows (P=0.0001). We found a high frequency of hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter region in AML (51/133 samples, 38%), in particular in patients with karyotypic aberrations (P=0.026), and in t-AML, as compared to de novo AML (76 vs 31%, P=0.0002). Examining eight primary tumour samples from hypermethylated t-AML patients, BRCA1 was hypermethylated in three of four breast cancer samples, whereas it was unmethylated in the other four tumours. BRCA1 hypermethylation correlated to reduced BRCA1 mRNA (P=0.0004), and to increased DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A (P=0.003) expression. Our data show that reduced BRCA1 expression owing to promoter hypermethylation is frequent in t-AML and that this could contribute to secondary leukaemogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Metilación de ADN , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Línea Celular Tumoral , Islas de CpG/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , ADN Metiltransferasa 3A , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Femenino , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Leucemia Mieloide/etiología , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/terapia , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Radioterapia/efectos adversos
10.
J Clin Microbiol ; 40(8): 2953-8, 2002 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12149358

RESUMEN

Fluconazole susceptibility among 800 clinical Candida isolates (60% C. albicans) and two control strains (C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019) was tested with the NCCLS M27-A method (gold standard) and six commercial products (Candifast, disk, Etest, Fungitest, Integral System Yeasts, and Sensititre YeastOne). Results were classified as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, or resistant using M27-A breakpoints or, for Fungitest, Integral System Yeasts, and Candifast, as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Concordance with NCCLS M27-A results was analyzed with the chi(2) test. Intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was also evaluated. NCCLS M27-A (90.1%), Etest (93.1%), Sensititre YeastOne (93.1%), disk (96.7%), Fungitest (92.6%), Integral System Yeasts (40.6%), and Candifast (6.0%) classified the indicated percentages of C. albicans isolates as susceptible. Among non-C. albicans strains, the percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: NCCLS M27-A, 74.0%; Etest, 83.8%; Sensititre YeastOne, 64.1%; disk, 60.6%; Fungitest, 76.6%; Integral System Yeasts, 28.3%; and Candifast, 27.4%. All methods except Candifast and Integral System Yeasts showed good agreement with NCCLS M27-A results for both C albicans and non-C. albicans isolates. Intralaboratory reproducibility was excellent for NCCLS M27-A, Etest, Sensititre YeastOne, disk, and Fungitest (88 to 91%). Similar results emerged from the interlaboratory reproducibility evaluation. Our findings indicate that some commercial methods can be useful for fluconazole susceptibility testing of clinical Candida isolates. Those characterized by a lack of medium standardization and/or objective interpretative criteria should be avoided. Particular caution is necessary when testing is being done for clinical and epidemiological purposes.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/normas , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Candidiasis/microbiología , Humanos , Laboratorios , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
11.
Haematologica ; 85(10): 1019-23, 2000 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11025591

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Bax gene is one of the most important genes involved in apoptosis regulation. Recently, it has been proposed that inactivating mutations of this death agonist may contribute to the pathogenesis of human tumors. This study was aimed at defining the status of the Bax gene in indolent lymphomas. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty paraffin-embedded biopsies from indolent lymphomas (10 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 immunocytomas, 20 follicular lymphomas and 15 marginal zone lymphomas) and 10 mantle cell lymphomas ( MCL ) were studied. All six exons of the Bax gene, together with their flanking sequences, underwent mutational analysis by PCR-SSCP followed by direct sequencing of positive cases. Moreover, Bax protein expression was investigated in all samples by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: All analyzed cases showed wild type Bax gene alleles and variable levels of Bax protein expression. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that deregulation of apoptotic control in indolent lymphomas and MCL is not caused by Bax mutations and that other molecular mechanisms must, therefore, be involved.


Asunto(s)
Linfoma de Células del Manto/genética , Linfoma/genética , Mutación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2
15.
Minerva Stomatol ; 40(7-8): 483-6, 1991.
Artículo en Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1753928

RESUMEN

In this study we wanted to test the in vitro effects of orthodontic magnetic brackets, developing different magnetic fields, on the oral microbial flora. We noticed that a magnetic field has its most considerable influence on Candida albicans growth; the stimulating response depends on various factors: cell inoculum, exposure time and magnetic field frequency.


Asunto(s)
Magnetismo/efectos adversos , Boca/microbiología , Soportes Ortodóncicos/efectos adversos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cobalto , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Samario , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus/crecimiento & desarrollo
16.
J Chemother ; 3 Suppl 1: 169-71, 1991 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12041757

RESUMEN

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains (MRSS) have become an increasing problem both as community-acquired and nosocomial infections. In order to eradicate colonization as well as to cure infections, optimal antibiotic treatment is required. In this study we examined the incidence of MRSS in clinical samples and compared the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with that of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus non-aureus strains. All the MRSS were resistant to penicillin. Among them there was a variation in the percentage of strains resistant to various antimicrobial agents. Within MRSS the most frequent resistances were those to erythromycin and norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin and teicoplanin were the most effective antibiotics tested against MRSS, followed in activity by vancomycin and imipenem. The incidence of antibiotic resistance among MRSS was significantly higher than that among methicillin-susceptibility staphylococcal species.


Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/patogenicidad , Infección Hospitalaria , Humanos , Incidencia , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estudios Retrospectivos
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