RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To review the signalment, clinical characteristics, and outcome of horses with nonhealing corneal ulcers treated with diamond burr debridement (DBD); and to evaluate the role of ulcer duration, size and location, and bandage contact lens (BCL) placement on healing. ANIMALS: From January 2012-April 2013, 60 horses were diagnosed with ulcers classified as nonhealing based on the presence of raised epithelial margins and duration of at least 7 days. PROCEDURE: Retrospective record review. RESULTS: Average age of included horses was 14.68 years, SD 8.17 years. There were three times as many males (45) as females (15), (χ12 = 15, P = 0.001). Forty-eight horses (80%) had nonhealing ulcers uncomplicated by associated corneal disease. In the remaining horses, associated corneal disease included esinophilic keratitis (10%), calcific band keratopathy (5%), endothelial decompensation (1.67%), habronemiasis(1.67%), and lid suture abrasion (1.67%). Average corneal ulcer duration prior to diamond burr debridement (DBD) was 29.0 days (n = 56). Ulcers occurred most commonly in the axial cornea (41%). Fifty-five of 60 horses (92%) healed with DBD. Healing time, defined as time to epithelialization following DBD, averaged 15.5 days, SD 9.32 days, and was not correlated with patient age or ulcer duration, location, or size prior to or following DBD. Healing time was significantly longer for eyes in which a BCL had been placed (n = 28, 19.0 days) than for eyes without a BCL (n = 32, 12.9 days), F(1,58) = 5.543, P = 0.02. DBD was considered a failure for five horses (8%). CONCLUSIONS: DBD may be an effective treatment for nonhealing corneal ulcers in horses.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera de la Córnea/veterinaria , Desbridamiento/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/cirugía , Animales , Córnea/cirugía , Úlcera de la Córnea/cirugía , Desbridamiento/instrumentación , Desbridamiento/métodos , Diamante , Femenino , Caballos/cirugía , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Lufenuron is a benzoylphenyl urea-derived insecticide that has been recently introduced as a novel treatment for fungal infections in horses. The purposes of this study were to determine (1) the in vitro efficacy of lufenuron against Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. and (2) the ability of lufenuron to reach efficacious blood concentrations after PO administration in horses. Fungal colonies isolated from diseased equine corneas were tested against lufenuron solutions up to 700 microg/mL. Twenty-one adult horses received 1 of 3 PO lufenuron treatment regimens: 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) q24h for 3 days, 20 mg/kg BW q24h for 3 days, or 60 mg/ kg BW q24h for 1 day. Blood samples were collected up to 96 hours after drug administration and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analyses of lufenuron blood concentrations were performed by analysis of variance and Fischer's Least Significant Difference test, with statistical significance set at P < .05. Lufenuron showed no effect on the in vitro growth of Aspergillus or Fusarium spp. Lufenuron was detected in the blood of all but 1 horse and showed no adverse effects. The maximum blood lufenuron concentration (83.5 +/- 58.7 microg/L) was lower than the concentrations proven to be ineffective in vitro in this study. Further therapeutic use of lufenuron as an antifungal agent in horses should be based on proven efficacy against specific strains of clinically relevant fungi with pharmacokinetic data demonstrating sufficient lufenuron concentrations in target tissues.
Asunto(s)
Aspergillus/efectos de los fármacos , Benzamidas/sangre , Benzamidas/farmacología , Fusarium/efectos de los fármacos , Caballos/microbiología , Insecticidas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Benzamidas/administración & dosificación , Benzamidas/farmacocinética , Femenino , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Insecticidas/sangre , Insecticidas/farmacocinética , MasculinoRESUMEN
This article reviews conditions that primarily affect the corneal epithelium as distinct from corneal stromal diseases. Corneal ulceration is discussed elsewhere in this issue. The other corneal conditions include a variety of more subtle epithelial disease,which might colloquially be termed epitheliopathies, as well as uninfected indolent superficial ulcerations, corneal neoplasia, and eosinophilic keratitis. The fungal plaque is an unusual and somewhat chronic form of epithelial infection. Although less common than corneal ulcers, this collection of lesions may present uniquely challenging obstacles to diagnosis and identification of a cure. Newer therapies and surgical strategies are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Córnea/veterinaria , Epitelio Corneal/patología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Animales , Enfermedades de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Córnea/terapia , Úlcera de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Úlcera de la Córnea/cirugía , Úlcera de la Córnea/terapia , Úlcera de la Córnea/veterinaria , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Ojo/cirugía , Neoplasias del Ojo/terapia , Neoplasias del Ojo/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Caballos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/veterinariaRESUMEN
Bilateral eyelid agenesis was presented with multiple ocular anomalies in a captive Texas cougar (Felis concolor). Corneal exposure resulted in substantial keratoconjunctivitis and blepharospasm. Bilateral inferopapillary fundic colobomas, persistent pupillary membranes, and an atypical iris coloboma OD were present. Surgical repair with a rotational pedicle flap resulted in functionally effective eyelids. Trichiasis was later treated with cryotherapy. Eyelid agenesis is reported infrequently in domestic cats and among large felids has only been reported in the snow leopard.
Asunto(s)
Carnívoros , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/veterinaria , Anomalías del Ojo/veterinaria , Párpados/anomalías , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/patología , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/cirugía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico/veterinaria , Anomalías del Ojo/complicaciones , Anomalías del Ojo/diagnóstico , Anomalías del Ojo/patología , Anomalías del Ojo/cirugía , Párpados/cirugía , MasculinoRESUMEN
Ophthalmic conditions of the older horse are becoming increasingly common as geriatric care advances. The close relation between the eye and other structures of the head exposes the globe to direct expansion of clinical disease and raises management issues. Integrating an ophthalmic and fundic examination into the annual evaluation should reward the investment, permit enhanced patient care, and potentially provide early identification of systemic conditions. Surgical and medical management of neoplastic conditions is most successful with early identification and therapy. It is hoped that this article prompts the further identification and description of ophthalmic conditions as equine geriatric care increases in importance.