RESUMEN
Tropical regions receive a significant part of the traveling population. It is very important that health professionals are familiar with the main tropical skin diseases and able to advice patients appropriately. This article reviews the main tropical diseases of travelers, with an emphasis on diagnosis, management, and prevention. Among others, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, tungiasis, Chagas disease, Dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis, filariasis, and leishmaniasis are discussed. Increasing awareness among travelers and health care professionals can help reduce morbidity and mortality. Continued research on new drugs and vaccines is needed to reduce the risks of tropical diseases.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia , Viaje , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/prevención & control , Enfermedad de Chagas/terapia , Exantema/diagnóstico , Exantema/prevención & control , Exantema/terapia , Humanos , Larva Migrans/diagnóstico , Larva Migrans/prevención & control , Larva Migrans/terapia , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis/prevención & control , Leishmaniasis/terapia , Miasis/diagnóstico , Miasis/prevención & control , Miasis/terapia , Escabiosis/diagnóstico , Escabiosis/prevención & control , Escabiosis/terapia , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/prevención & control , Tripanosomiasis Africana/diagnóstico , Tripanosomiasis Africana/prevención & control , Tripanosomiasis Africana/terapia , Tungiasis/diagnóstico , Tungiasis/prevención & control , Tungiasis/terapia , Fiebre Amarilla/diagnóstico , Fiebre Amarilla/prevención & control , Fiebre Amarilla/terapiaRESUMEN
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of nodes with limited resources, such as processing, bandwidth, memory and, most importantly, energy. For this reason, it is essential that WSNs always work to reduce the power consumption as much as possible in order to maximize its lifetime. In this context, this paper presents SITRUS (semantic infrastructure for wireless sensor networks), which aims to reduce the power consumption of WSN nodes using ontologies. SITRUS consists of two major parts: a message-oriented middleware responsible for both an oriented message communication service and a reconfiguration service; and a semantic information processing module whose purpose is to generate a semantic database that provides the basis to decide whether a WSN node needs to be reconfigurated or not. In order to evaluate the proposed solution, we carried out an experimental evaluation to assess the power consumption and memory usage of WSN applications built atop SITRUS.
RESUMEN
Notalgia paraesthetica is a neuropathic pruritus on the back. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine patient characteristics in a consecutive cohort from Brazil and Germany. A total of 65 patients (49 women, 16 men; age range 25-80 years, mean 56.2 ± 12.7 years; median 57.0 years) were investigated in order to determine the spinal or peripheral origin of notalgia paraesthetica. Protein gene product 9.5-positive intraepidermal nerve fibers were significantly reduced in the pruritic compared with the non-lesional area (p < 0.05). In 32.3% of patients, radiological examinations showed a stenosis and in 47.7% a degeneration. A correlation between the radiological findings and the exact dermatomal localization of notalgia paraesthetica was found in 15.7% of the involved areas. The significant reduction in intraepidermal nerve fiber density suggests that damage to the peripheral nerves is a more important aetiological factor than spinal changes in notalgia paraesthetica.
Asunto(s)
Nervios Periféricos/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/patología , Prurito/patología , Piel/inervación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Dorso , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biopsia , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nervios Periféricos/química , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/epidemiología , Prurito/diagnóstico por imagen , Prurito/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Piel/patología , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/epidemiología , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/patología , Nervios Espinales/química , Nervios Espinales/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/análisisRESUMEN
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease of unknown cause, characterized by the proliferation of histiocytic cells (Langerhans cells). Its diagnosis is especially difficult due to its wide clinical spectrum, ranging from a single lesion to a multisystemic disorder. Diagnosis may be confirmed by means of an immunohistochemical study. Treatment depends upon the severity of the disease, and systemic chemotherapy may be needed.
Asunto(s)
Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Adolescente , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Histiocitose de células de Langerhans é uma doença rara de causa desconhecida, caracterizada pela proliferação de células histiocitárias (células de Langerhans). Representa significativa dificuldade diagnóstica por apresentar amplo espectro clínico, variando desde uma lesão solitária até uma enfermidade multissistêmica. Pode ser confirmada por estudo imunoistoquímico. O tratamento depende da extensão do processo, podendo ser necessária quimioterapia sistêmica.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease of unknown cause, characterized by the proliferation of histiocytic cells (Langerhans cells). Its diagnosis is especially difficult due to its wide clinical spectrum, ranging from a single lesion to a multisystemic disorder. Diagnosis may be confirmed by means of an immunohistochemical study. Treatment depends upon the severity of the disease, and systemic chemotherapy may be needed.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
Fundamento: Estrias são placas lineares atróficas associadas a estiramento da pele.A distopia urogenital é o deslocamento de um órgão pélvico de seu sítio habitual devido a alterações de suas estruturas de sustentação. Há estudos histopatológicos que revelam igual distribuição irregular de fibras colágenas no tecido das estrias e do assoalho das pacientes com relaxamento pélvico. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de estrias em pacientes com e sem relaxamento pélvico, verificando se há a associação de risco entre elas. Método: Foram estudadas pacientes, portadoras comprovadas de distopia genital e mulheres sadias.Todas foram submetidas a exame físico e aplicação de questionário com 80 perguntas elaboradas especificamente para essa pesquisa. Resultado: Não foi verificada diferença estatística significativa na prevalência de estrias em pacientes com distopia urogenital (n=35) comparada com os controles (n=94), sugerindo ausência dessa associação. Conclusão: A associação entre as duas condições, estrias e distopia genital, antes sugerida por outros autores, não foi demonstrada neste trabalho. Como implicação prática, provou- se que as estrias não constituem fator de risco para relaxamento pélvico, havendo necessidade de investigar outros marcadores clínicos capazes de possibilitar medidas preventivas e a redução dos gastos com o tratamento cirúrgico dos prolapsos.
Background: Striae are linear atrophic plaques associated with overstretching the skin (commonly called stretch marks). Urogenital dystopia is the displacement of a pelvic organ from its original site due to alterations in or relaxation of the pelvic supporting structures. Histopathologic studies have revealed similarities in the irregularity of the distribution patterns of collagen fibers located in the striae's tissue and in the pelvic floor of patients suffering from pelvic relaxation or prolapse. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of striae in patients with and without pelvic relaxation syndrome, in order to assess the association between the two conditions. Methods: Female patients with genital dystopia and healthy controls were administered an 80- question instrument specifically designed for this study and received a physical examination to determine whether there is a link between striae and genital dystopia. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of striae in patients with genital dystopia (n=35) compared with controls (n=94), suggesting there is no association between the two conditions. Conclusion: The association between striae and genital dystopia, previously suggested by other authors, was not verified in this study. Since striae are not a risk factor for pelvic relaxation, it is necessary to investigate other clinical markers that will enable preventive measures and the reduction of costs associated with the surgical treatment of prolapse.
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Acné Vulgar , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Mucinosis Folicular/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/prevención & control , Candidiasis/diagnóstico , Chancroide/diagnóstico , Chancroide/epidemiología , Chancroide/etiologíaRESUMEN
Autoimmune bullous dermatoses are diseases in which blisters and vesicles are the primary and fundamental types of skin lesion. Their classification is based on the location of the blister: intraepidermal and subepidermal. Patients produce autoantibodies against self-specific structures of the skin detectable by immunofluorescence techniques, immunoblotting and ELISA. Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have brought to knowledge these self-antigens, against which patients are sensitized, and which are found in epidermis or in the dermo-epidermal junction. These are low incidence, but high morbidity diseases that may be fatal. The aim of this article is to review and describe the progress of four autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders: endemic pemphigus foliaceous (wild fire), pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/inmunología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patología , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/terapia , Dermatitis Herpetiforme/inmunología , Dermatitis Herpetiforme/patología , Dermatitis Herpetiforme/terapia , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Penfigoide Ampolloso/inmunología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/patología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/terapia , Pénfigo/inmunología , Pénfigo/patología , Pénfigo/terapia , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/terapiaRESUMEN
Dermatoses bolhosas autoimunes são doenças cuja manifestação cutânea primária e fundamental consiste em vesículas e bolhas. Classificam-se conforme a localização da bolha, em intraepidérmica e subepidérmica. Os pacientes produzem autoanticorpos contra estruturas específicas da pele detectáveis por técnicas de imunofluorescência, immunobloting e Elisa. Os recentes avanços da biologia molecular e celular têm permitido conhecer esses autoantígenos, contra os quais os pacientes se sensibilizam e que estão localizados na epiderme ou na junção dermoepidérmica. São doenças de baixa incidência, porém de elevada morbidade e por vezes letais. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar e descrever os progressos nos conhecimentos de quatro doenças vésico-bolhosas autoimunes: pênfigo foliáceo endêmico (fogo selvagem), pênfigo vulgar, penfigóide bolhoso e dermatite herpetiforme.
Autoimmune bullous dermatoses are diseases in which blisters and vesicles are the primary and fundamental types of skin lesion. Their classification is based on the location of the blister: intraepidermal and subepidermal. Patients produce autoantibodies against self-specific structures of the skin detectable by immunofluorescence techniques, immunoblotting and ELISA. Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have brought to knowledge these self-antigens, against which patients are sensitized, and which are found in epidermis or in the dermo-epidermal junction. These are low incidence, but high morbidity diseases that may be fatal. The aim of this article is to review and describe the progress of four autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders: endemic pemphigus foliaceous (wild fire), pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/inmunología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patología , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/terapia , Dermatitis Herpetiforme/inmunología , Dermatitis Herpetiforme/patología , Dermatitis Herpetiforme/terapia , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Immunoblotting , Penfigoide Ampolloso/inmunología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/patología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/terapia , Pénfigo/inmunología , Pénfigo/patología , Pénfigo/terapia , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/terapiaRESUMEN
Setenta e quatro doentes com dermatofitoses foram tratados com itraconazol. Todos receberam 100 mg ao dia, durante 14 dias. Ao final de duas semanas de tratamento os índices de cura foram de 77%, percentual que subiu a 83%, duas semanas após o final do tratamento. Nove dos 74 (12%) relataram efeitos colaterais, sendo o tratamento interrompido em três deles. Esses resultados sugerem ser o itraconazol um medicamento útil no tratamento das dermatofitoses