RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-week didactic and clinical skin cancer prevention training module. The evaluation assessed both the immediate and the 3-month effects of the module on nurse participants. In addition, this study assessed whether the module had any secondary effects on skin cancer practices, including perceived support from colleagues, resources, time, and perceived responsibility to conduct skin cancer screening activities and education. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with 32 intervention and 87 comparison subjects was employed. Instruments developed and validated specifically for this study were used to assess knowledge, self-efficacy, priority of skin cancer, and organizational level constructs. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the module significantly increased general and prevention knowledge as well as screening ability; the increase was stable over time. The module was also found to improve self-efficacy to screen and to educate. There was no effect on the organizational-level constructs. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline knowledge assessments validated other studies indicating that nurses need more education about skin cancer. Despite promising results from program participants, system-level barriers could impose substantial barriers to implementation in health care practice. Knowledgeable nurses must educate their colleagues, their supervisors, and the public about the priority of skin cancer screening and develop strategies for creating organizational change to increase the likelihood that screening and patient education will occur for people at risk for skin cancer.
Asunto(s)
Educación Continua en Enfermería , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Autoeficacia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Escolaridad , Etnicidad , Femenino , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , TexasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: A major research priority is the influence of childhood and adolescent physical activity patterns on adult physical activity. The research in this area is inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among specific components of physical activity during childhood and adolescence and exercise habits in adulthood. METHODS: We analyzed preteen and teenage experiences, individual and team sports, and several psychosocial variables. One hundred and five male volunteers completed questionnaires about their current (estimated energy expenditure (EE)) and historic physical activity and a treadmill stress test. RESULTS: Based on correlations and regression analyses, without and with controlling for potentially confounding variables (treadmill run time and sum of skinfolds), the frequency of being forced to exercise and the frequency of being encouraged to exercise during the preteen years were inversely related to adult physical activity. Being forced to exercise during the preteen years was more related to participation in individual sports than to participation in team sports or both individual and team sports. CONCLUSIONS: Being forced to exercise during childhood may have potentially negative consequences for later activity. The findings indicate that experiences related to participation in activity during childhood and adolescence may influence adult physical activity. The implications of our findings are discussed and future research is recommended.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Estilo de Vida , Aptitud Física , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente , Adulto , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Niño , Conducta Infantil , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , DeportesRESUMEN
Physical inactivity is a major public health concern. Low levels of physical activity are reported in many subgroups of women including adolescent girls. More data are needed to better understand factors related to physical activity participation in adolescent girls. Therefore, we explored adolescent girls' reasons for participating and not participating in physical activity. Two independent samples were taken in California and Texas; the total sample included thirty-four African American and Latino girls. Six focus groups were conducted by trained facilitators. Based on independent qualitative analyses, six replicated themes emerged from the focus groups. Fun, social support, and concern with body image facilitated participation in activity. In contrast, negative experiences in physical education classes, concerns about appearance after activity, and lack of opportunity impeded participation in activity. Overall, the girls showed an interest in physical activity and identified activity motivators and barriers. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano , Ejercicio Físico , Educación en Salud/organización & administración , Hispánicos o Latinos , Estilo de Vida/etnología , Adolescente , Distribución por Edad , Asiático , California , Niño , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Autoimagen , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Población BlancaRESUMEN
Point of purchase interventions by beverage alcohol servers provide one promising approach to preventing drinking and driving and many communities now support such programs. To evaluate the impact of a designated driver and responsible server program in Houston, we assessed server training courses, observed and interviewed servers and patrons at five establishments participating in the program, and reviewed the distribution of vouchers awarded for a safe ride home by taxi. The training course for alcoholic beverage servers produced significant improvements in the participants' perceptions about their role in preventing drunk driving. In five participating establishments 15.6 percent of servers wore buttons announcing the establishment's participation in the program; immediately after retraining 26.6 percent wore the buttons. Of the eligible patrons in these establishments 6.6 percent actually participated in the designated driver program. The program provided an average of 0.7 safe ride home vouchers per establishment per month. In one additional establishment an experiment was conducted in which servers always announced the designated driver program to patrons, but no increase in the prevalence of designated drivers occurred.