RESUMEN
The Kenyan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Kenya Kongoni' exhibits high levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust (LR) and yellow rust (YR). We determined the genomic regions associated with LR and YR resistance in a population of 148 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross between 'Avocet-YrA' and Kenya Kongoni. Field experiments to characterize APR to LR and YR were conducted in four and two Mexican or Uruguayan environments, respectively. A linkage map was constructed with 438 diversity arrays technology and 16 simple-sequence repeat markers by JoinMap 4.1 software. Genetic analyses showed that resistance to both rusts was determined by four to five APR genes, including Lr46/Yr29 and Sr2/Lr27/Yr30. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis indicated that pleiotropic APR loci QYLr.cim-1BL corresponding to Lr46/Yr29 and QYLr.cim-7BL that is a putative novel QTL accounted for 5 to 57% and 12 to 35% of the phenotypic variation for resistance to LR and YR, respectively. These loci, in combination with another three LR QTL and two YR QTL, respectively, conferred high levels of resistance to both LR and YR in wheat under Mexican and Uruguayan environments. Among other detected QTL, QLr.cim-1DS, QLr.cim-2BL, and QYLr.icm-7BL may be new loci for APR to both rusts in common wheat.
RESUMEN
This study presents the development of an enhanced map in faba bean. The map contains 258 loci, mostly gene-based markers, organized in 16 linkage groups that expand 1,875 cM, with an average inter-marker distance of 7.26 cM. The combination of EST-derived markers with a number of markers physically located or previously ascribed to chromosomes by trisomic segregation, allowed the allocation of eight linkage groups (229 markers), to specific chromosomes. Moreover, this approach provided anchor points to establish a global homology among the faba bean chromosomes and those of closely-related legumes species. The map was used to identify and validate, for the first time, QTLs controlling five flowering and reproductive traits: days to flowering, flowering length, pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of ovules per pod. Twelve QTLs stable in the 2 years of evaluation were identified in chromosomes II, V and VI. Comparative mapping suggested the conservation of one of the faba bean genomic regions controlling the character days to flowering in other five legume species (Medicago, Lotus, pea, lupine, chickpea). Additional syntenic co-localizations of QTLs controlling pod length and number of seeds per pod between faba bean and Lotus japonicus are likely. The new genetic map opens the way for further translational studies between faba bean and related legume species, and provides an efficient tool for breeding applications such as QTL analysis and marker-assisted selection.