RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been associated with impairment of sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep disorders in AD Latin-American children (4-10 years) from nine countries, and in normal controls (C). METHODS: Parents from 454 C and 340 AD children from referral clinics answered the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), a one-week retrospective 33 questions survey under seven items (bedtime resistance, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night awakening, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness). Total CSHQ score and items were analysed in both C and AD groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient between SCORAD (Scoring atopic dermatitis), all subscales and total CSHQ were also obtained. RESULTS: C and AD groups were similar regarding age, however, significantly higher values for total CSHQ (62.2±16.1 vs 53.3±12.7, respectively) and items were observed among AD children in comparison to C, and they were higher among those with moderate (54.8%) or severe (4.3%) AD. Except for sleep duration (r=-0.02, p=0.698), there was a significant Spearman's correlation index for bedtime resistance (0.24, p<0.0001), sleep anxiety (0.29, p<0.0001), night awakening (0.36, p<0.0001), parasomnias (0.54, p<0.0001), sleep-disordered breathing (0.42, p<0.0001), daytime sleepiness (0.26, p<0.0001) and total CSHQ (0.46, p<0.0001). AD patients had significantly higher elevated body mass index. CONCLUSION: Latin-American children with AD have sleep disorders despite treatment, and those with moderate to severe forms had marked changes in CSHQ.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/complicaciones , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
One of the challenges in electrocatalysis is the adequate dispersion of the catalyst on an appropriate porous support matrix, being up to now the most commonly used the carbon-based supports. To overcome this challenge, carbon supports must first be functionalized to guide the catalyst's nucleation, thereby, improving the dispersion and allowing the use of smaller amount of the catalyst material to achieve a higher electrochemically active surface area. This study present the effect of functionalized Vulcan carbon XC72 (FVC) and functionalized Black Pearl carbon (FBPC) as supports on the catalytic activity of decorated Fe2O3 with Pt. Both carbons were functionalized with HNO3 and subsequently treated with ethanolamine. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction and decorated with platinum by epitaxial growth. Pt and Fe2O3 structural phases were identified by XRD and XPS; the Pt content was measured by XPS, and results showed to a high Pt content in Fe2O3-Pt/FBPC. TEM micrographs reveal nanoparticles with an average size of 2 nm in both supported catalysts. The Fe2O3-Pt/FVC catalyst presents the highest specific activity and mass activity, 0.21 mA cm-2Pt and 140 mA mgPt-1, respectively, associated to the appropriate distribution of platinum on the Fe2O3 nanoparticles.
Asunto(s)
Carbono/química , Compuestos Férricos/química , Oxígeno/química , Platino (Metal)/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Catálisis , Electrólisis , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Asthma and/or allergic rhinitis have been associated with sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep disorders in Latin-American children (4-10 years) from nine countries, with persistent asthma (A) and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) and in normal controls (C). METHODS: Parents from 454 C children and 700 A and/or AR children followed up in allergy reference clinics completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) which is a retrospective one-week questionnaire composed of 33 questions composed of seven subscales (bedtime resistance, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness). The total scale of CSHQ and the subscales were compared between groups C and A+AR, A (n=285) vs. AR (n=390), and between controlled A (CA, n=103) vs. partially controlled/uncontrolled A (UA, n=182). RESULTS: The comparison between C and A+AR showed no significant differences in age (6.7 years vs. 7.0 years, respectively), mean Body Mass Index and total scale of CSHQ (53.3 vs. 63.2, respectively) and the subscales were significantly higher in the A+AR group. Comparison between groups A and AR, except for sleep anxiety, showed significantly higher values for CSHQ total scale (66.9 vs. 61.0, respectively) and subscales for group A. The UA group showed significantly higher values for total CSHQ scale and subscales in comparison to CA (71.1 vs. 59.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Latin-American children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis showed sleep disorders identified by the CSHQ when compared to normal controls. Despite being treated, asthma causes sleep impairment, especially when uncontrolled.
Asunto(s)
Asma/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The rate of urinary protein excretion (Uprot.V) was evaluated in 20 patients with massive proteinuria caused by various histopathological types of glomerular disease. Measurements were made during five consecutive periods: period A (overnight bed res) and periods B, C, D and E corresponding to normal everyday upright physical activity. Mean Uprot.V was significantly lower during period A (8.2 + or - 1.3 mg/min, mean + or - SEM) than during all the periods of physical activity (11.8 + or - 1.8 mg/min). For 5/20 patients, physical activity induced a mean percent increase of 340 + or - 200% and for 11 an increase of 51 + or - 7% was observed. Only in 4 patients was the rate of urinary protein excretion unaffected or decreased on the average by -20 + or - 9% during physical activity
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Ejercicio Físico , Enfermedades Renales/orina , Postura , Proteinuria/fisiopatología , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Proteinuria/orinaRESUMEN
Hinged casts and roller traction were used in two developing countries to treat fractured femora, most of which were due to road traffic accidents or civil violence. This method of treatment, developed by Neufeld, is particularly useful in the Third World because it uses local materials, adapted in a hospital workshop, and circumvents the difficulties and complications of standard traction and of operative treatment. The results are reported from 11 patients treated in Uganda in 1979 and from 110 treated in the Dominican Republic in 1981 and 1982. All but one fracture united without complication or significant shortening after a brief period in hospital. The method was easily taught to hospital staff and is strongly recommended.
Asunto(s)
Moldes Quirúrgicos , Países en Desarrollo , Fracturas del Fémur/terapia , Tracción/instrumentación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Técnicos Medios en Salud/educación , República Dominicana , Femenino , Fracturas del Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Tracción/métodos , UgandaRESUMEN
Os autores apresentam algumas modificacoes empregadas no metodo de cirurgia ambulatorial em pediatria, com enfase na simplificacao e seguranca, chamando atencao para os principios basicos na sua implantacao e manuntencao