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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop prognostic models for predicting the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19 and compare their performance with the Respiratory rate-OXygenation (ROX) index. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected between March 2020 and August 2021 at three hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ICU patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were screened. The exclusion criteria were patients who received IMV within the first 24 h of ICU admission, pregnancy, clinical decision for minimal end-of-life care and missing primary outcome data. Clinical and laboratory variables were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to select predictor variables. Models were based on the lowest Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and lowest AIC with significant p values. Assessment of predictive performance was done for discrimination and calibration. Areas under the curves (AUC)s were compared using DeLong's algorithm. Models were validated externally using an international database. RESULTS: Of 656 patients screened, 346 patients were included; 155 required IMV (44.8%), 191 did not (55.2%), and 207 patients were male (59.8%). According to the lowest AIC, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), temperature, respiratory effort signals, and leukocytes were identified as predictors of IMV at hospital admission. According to AIC with significant p values, SOFA score, SpO2, and respiratory effort signals were the best predictors of IMV; odds ratios (95% confidence interval): 1.46 (1.07-2.05), 0.81 (0.72-0.90), 9.13 (3.29-28.67), respectively. The ROX index at admission was lower in the IMV group than in the non-IMV group (7.3 [5.2-9.8] versus 9.6 [6.8-12.9], p < 0.001, respectively). In the external validation population, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROX index was 0.683 (accuracy 63%), the AIC model showed an AUC of 0.703 (accuracy 69%), and the lowest AIC model with significant p values had an AUC of 0.725 (accuracy 79%). CONCLUSIONS: In the development population of ICU patients with COVID-19, SOFA score, SpO2, and respiratory effort signals predicted the need for IMV better than the ROX index. In the external validation population, although the AUCs did not differ significantly, the accuracy was higher when using SOFA score, SpO2, and respiratory effort signals compared to the ROX index. This suggests that these variables may be more useful in predicting the need for IMV in ICU patients with COVID-19. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT05663528.

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BACKGROUND: The profile of changes in airway driving pressure (dPaw) induced by positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) might aid for individualized protective ventilation. Our aim was to describe the dPaw versus PEEP curves behavior in ARDS from COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Patients admitted in three hospitals were ventilated with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and PEEP initially adjusted by oxygenation-based table. Thereafter, PEEP was reduced from 20 until 6 cmH2O while dPaw was stepwise recorded and the lowest PEEP that minimized dPaw (PEEPmin_dPaw) was assessed. Each dPaw vs PEEP curve was classified as J-shaped, inverted-J-shaped, or U-shaped according to the difference between the minimum dPaw and the dPaw at the lowest and highest PEEP. In one hospital, hyperdistention and collapse at each PEEP were assessed by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). RESULTS: 184 patients (41 including EIT) were studied. 126 patients (68%) exhibited a J-shaped dPaw vs PEEP profile (PEEPmin_dPaw of 7.5 ± 1.9 cmH2O). 40 patients (22%) presented a U (PEEPmin_dPaw of 12.2 ± 2.6 cmH2O) and 18 (10%) an inverted-J profile (PEEPmin_dPaw of 14,6 ± 2.3 cmH2O). Patients with inverted-J profiles had significant higher body mass index (BMI) and lower baseline partial pressure of arterial oxygen/FiO2 ratio. PEEPmin_dPaw was associated with lower fractions of both alveolar collapse and hyperinflation. CONCLUSIONS: A PEEP adjustment procedure based on PEEP-induced changes in dPaw is feasible and may aid in individualized PEEP for protective ventilation. The PEEP required to minimize driving pressure was influenced by BMI and was low in the majority of patients.

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The prevalence of sarcopenia in hospitalized people living with HIV is underdiagnosed, as assessment instruments are not always available. This study aimed to identify factors related to sarcopenia, correlating their anthropometric and clinical markers in hospitalized people living with HIV. This was an observational cross-sectional clinical study, carried out from September 2018 through October 2019. Handgrip strength, muscle mass index, calf circumference and gait speed test were evaluated in recruited patients within three days of hospital admission. The sample consisted in 44 patients, mostly men (66%), black (68%), young adults (41.65±12.18 years) and immunodeficient (CD4 cell count 165 cells/mm3 [34.25-295.5]). Sarcopenia was present in 25% of the sample. Calf circumference showed a significant correlation with CD4 cell count and viral load (p<0.05) while handgrip strength and gait speed test did not. Calf circumference>31cm and gait speed test>0.8m/s reduced the chance of sarcopenia by 60% (OR=0.396 [-1.67 to -0.18]; p<0.05) and 98% (OR=0.02 [-8.16 to 0.13]; p<0.05) respectively. Calf circumference>31cm and gait speed test>0.8m/s are associated with a reduced chance of sarcopenia in hospitalized HIV patients.

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A variabilidade cardiopulmonar está presente em indivíduos saudáveis e tem impacto na sua fisiologia. A adição de variabilidade ao padrão respiratório pelo ventilador tem sido proposta como um método para melhorar a troca gasosa. A ventilação por pressão de suporte é um modo espontâneo frequentemente usado em desmame e mais recentemente usado em pacientes estáveis com lesão pulmonar aguda para prevenir atrofia muscular e com provável benefício na troca gasosa. No entanto, o impacto da pressão de suporte sobre a variabilidade cardiopulmonar não é bem estabelecido na literatura. Objetivo: Analisar a variabilidade do padrão cardiopulmonar em pacientes ventilados com diferentes níveis de pressão de suporte. Métodos: Catorze pacientes ventilados invasivamente em PS foram estudados de março a outubro de 2011. Após registro basal por 10 minutos, os pacientes eram ventilados em etapas decrescentes de PS partindo de 20 cmH2O em 4 degraus decrescentes com diferença de 5 cmH2O com duração de 10 minutos cada até atingir PS5 cmH2O . Foram adquiridos os sinais da pressão esofágica, de via aérea e fluxo contínua e concomitantemente com os sinais de pressão arterial e eletrocardiograma. A P 0.1 e a gasometria arterial foi coletada ao final de cada degrau. Foram calculados pressão transpulmonar, pico de fluxo inspiratório, tempo inspiratório, volumes minuto e corrente, frequência respiratória e produto pressão-tempo (PTP) ao longo do tempo. Para todas essas variáveis foram calculados os coeficientes de variação (CV). As comparações entre os níveis de PS foram realizadas com ANOVA e usado o teste Bonferroni para múltiplas comparações considerado p<0.05...

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O desenvolvimento de fraqueza generalizada relacionada ao paciente crítico é uma complicação recorrente em pacientes admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. A redução da força muscular aumenta o tempo de desmame, internação, o risco de infecções e conseqüentemente morbimortalidade. A fisioterapia é usada nesses pacientes como recurso para prevenção da fraqueza muscular, hipotrofia e recuperação da capacidade funcional. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever a literatura relacionada ao uso da cinesioterapia em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. A pesquisa da literatura foi realizada por meio das bases eletrônicas de dados MedLine, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, High Wire Press e SciELO, de janeiro de 1998 a julho de 2009 e capítulos de livros utilizando palavras-chave incluindo: "critical illness", "cinesiotherapy", "physical therapy", "physiotherapy", "exercises", "training", "force", "active mobilization", "mobilization", "ICU", "rehabilitation", "mobility", "muscle strength" e "weakness". Apesar da escassez de estudos e da diversidade metodológica dos estudos encontrados demonstrando o uso da cinesioterapia como recurso terapêutico, o seu uso, inclusive precocemente parece uma alternativa à prevenção e reversão da fraqueza muscular adquirida na unidade de terapia intensiva.

The development of critical patient-related generalized weakness is a common complication in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. The reduced muscle strength increases the time for weaning, hospitalization, the risk of infections and consequent mortality. Physiotherapy is used in these patients as a resource for the prevention of muscle weakness, atrophy and functional capacity recovery. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the use of exercise alone in intensive care units staying patients. Literature searches were performed using the electronic databases Medline, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, High Wire Press and SciELO, from January 1998 to July 2009 and book chapters, using keywords including "critical illness", "cinesiotherapy", "physical therapy", "physiotherapy", "exercises", "training", "force", "active mobilization", "mobilization", "ICU", "rehabilitation", "mobility", "muscle strength" and "weakness". Despite the lack of studies and methodological diversity of studies found, confirming the use of exercise alone as a therapeutic resource, its use, including early seems an alternative to prevent and reverse muscle weakness intensive care unit ICU-acquired.

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The development of critical patient-related generalized weakness is a common complication in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. The reduced muscle strength increases the time for weaning, hospitalization, the risk of infections and consequent mortality. Physiotherapy is used in these patients as a resource for the prevention of muscle weakness, atrophy and functional capacity recovery. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the use of exercise alone in intensive care units staying patients. Literature searches were performed using the electronic databases Medline, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, High Wire Press and SciELO, from January 1998 to July 2009 and book chapters, using keywords including "critical illness", "cinesiotherapy", "physical therapy", "physiotherapy", "exercises", "training", "force", "active mobilization", "mobilization", "ICU", "rehabilitation", "mobility", "muscle strength" and "weakness". Despite the lack of studies and methodological diversity of studies found, confirming the use of exercise alone as a therapeutic resource, its use, including early seems an alternative to prevent and reverse muscle weakness intensive care unit ICU-acquired.