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AntecedentesEl estrés laboral, el miedo a infectarse y la falta de medios para combatir la pandemia de la COVID-19, sumados a la situación de reclusión domiciliaria, podrían provocar un fuerte impacto en la salud mental.El objetivo fue determinar el nivel de ansiedad a través del cuestionario State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), realizado por los profesionales de una sala de partos que atendieron a embarazadas COVID-19 positivas.Material y métodosEstudio descriptivo transversal en un área obstétrica de Barcelona desde el 14 de marzo al 24 de mayo de 2020. Población de estudio: personal sanitario mayor de 18 años, sin trastornos de ansiedad diagnosticados antes de la pandemia.Los principales parámetros a estudiar fueron el nivel de «ansiedad estado» y «ansiedad rasgo», según el cuestionario STAI.Se realizó una estadística descriptiva e inferencial. El nivel de significación estadística utilizado fue p < 0,05.ResultadosSetenta y siete profesionales participaron en este estudio.La puntuación media para la «ansiedad estado» fue de 26,3 puntos (valor p = 0,067) y para la «ansiedad rasgo» de 14,3 puntos (valor p = 0,091).Se observó que los profesionales que tienen hijos (valor p = 0,048) y los profesionales que manifestaron haber disminuido sus ingresos económicos familiares (valor p = 0,026) mostraron puntuaciones medias más altas de «ansiedad estado». Se observó una asociación positiva entre los años de experiencia laboral y el nivel de «ansiedad estado», observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas, valor p = 0,030.ConclusionesLos profesionales que habían sufrido una reducción de sus ingresos, junto con los que vivían con hijos fueron los que presentaron mayores puntuaciones de «ansiedad estado».

BackgroundWork-related stress, fear of becoming infected, and the lack of means to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, added to the situation of lockdown at home could lead to a strong impact on mental health.The objective was to determine the level of anxiety through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI completed by the professionals of a delivery room who treated COVID-19-positive pregnant women.Material and methodsDescriptive cross-sectional study in an obstetric area in Barcelona from March 14th to May 24th, 2020. Study population: healthcare staff over 18 years old, without diagnosed anxiety disorders prior to the pandemic.The main parameters to study were the level of «state anxiety» and «trait anxiety» according to the STAI questionnaire.Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. The level of statistical significance used was p<.05.ResultsSeventy-seven professionals participated in this study.The mean score for «state anxiety» was 26.3 points (p-value = .067) and for «strait anxiety», 14.3 points (p-value = .091).It was observed that the professionals who had children (p-value = .048) and the professionals who stated that their family economic income had decreased (p-value = .026) showed higher average scores of «state anxiety». A positive association was observed between years of working experience and the level of «state anxiety», observing statistically significant differences, p-value = .030.

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BACKGROUND: Work-related stress, fear of becoming infected, and the lack of means to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, added to the situation of lockdown at home could lead to a strong impact on mental health.The objective was to determine the level of anxiety through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI completed by the professionals of a delivery room who treated COVID-19-positive pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study in an obstetric area in Barcelona from March 14th to May 24th, 2020. Study population: healthcare staff over 18 years old, without diagnosed anxiety disorders prior to the pandemic.The main parameters to study were the level of «state anxiety¼ and «trait anxiety¼ according to the STAI questionnaire.Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. The level of statistical significance used was p<.05. RESULTS: Seventy-seven professionals participated in this study.The mean score for «state anxiety¼ was 26.3 points (p-value = .067) and for «strait anxiety¼, 14.3 points (p-value = .091).It was observed that the professionals who had children (p-value = .048) and the professionals who stated that their family economic income had decreased (p-value = .026) showed higher average scores of «state anxiety¼. A positive association was observed between years of working experience and the level of «state anxiety¼, observing statistically significant differences, p-value = .030. CONCLUSIONS: The professionals who had suffered a reduction in their income together with those who lived with children presented higher scores of «state anxiety¼.

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Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serin-threonin phosphatase that regulates many proteins critical for malignant cell behavior; therefore, PP2A is considered to be a human tumor suppressor. In this study, we assessed the pharmacokinetic profile and the antileukemic effects of the PP2A activator FTY720, free or encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, in in vitro and in vivo models of acute myeloid leukemia. FTY720 lipid nanoparticles presented diameters around 210 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency up to 75% and significantly increased FTY720 oral bioavailability. In addition, FTY720 restores PP2A phosphatase activity and decreases phosphorylation of PP2A and its targets Akt, ERK1/2 and STAT5, all implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, FTY720 exerts an additive anti-leukemic effect in combination with drugs used in standard induction therapy. Importantly, FTY720 lipid nanoparticles were more efficient at inducing cell growth arrest and apoptosis than FTY720 solution. Finally, oral administration of FTY720 lipid nanoparticles to mice every three days was as effective in reducing acute myeloid leukemia xenograft tumor growth as daily oral administration of FTY720. These results provide the first evidence for the potential use of FTY720 lipid nanoparticles as an oral therapeutic agent in acute myeloid leukemia.

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The shape, topography, and vascular disposition of the liver depend on a subject's morphotype. The definition and classification of morphotypes was previously based on cadaver observation. In this study, 74 healthy adults (42 women, 32 males) were assessed using ultrasonographic parameters (hepatic diameters, xiphoid angle, orientation of the inferior face of the liver). The results were analyzed by discriminant analysis to differentiate the morphotypes. The three groups known by anatomists as breviligne (endomorphic), longiligne (ectomorphic), and normotype were again demonstrated and individualized in a significant manner. However, with the exception of the normotype group, fundamental differences were observed between our results and those of the anatomists. Ultrasonographic assessment shows that in the breviligne, the liver occupies the right hypochondrium and extends only slightly to the left of the midline; in the longiligne it extends into the left hypochondrium.

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To examine previous work carried out at a single center, i.e., France, on the pathologic features of chronic pancreatitis and to examine geographic differences, 359 cases of chronic pancreatitis from five centers were studied pathologically and the results analyzed according to appropriate statistical methods. It was found that it was easy to separate chronic calcifying pancreatitis from obstructive pancreatitis occurring distal to obstruction to the pancreatic duct by pathological means. On the other hand, geographic differences between France, Italy, Brazil, and South Africa, although present, were not sufficient for identification of a specific profile for each of the countries studied, and it was found that the minor differences were probably dependent on environmental rather than racial factors.

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A prospective statistical study of clinical symptoms, radiological modifications of the colon and small bowel as judged by a morphometric method and dietary habits was performed in 106 patients who presented with functional intestinal disorders. Four different associations of symptoms and signs were found: a) pain, sometimes heavy, in the left upper quadrant and the ombilical region was associated with morphometric modifications of the small bowel: increased diameter of the upper part, decreased diameter and increased number of folds in the lower part of ileum; b) slight pain of the two upper quadrants and the two flanks was associated with flatulence, and was not correlated with modifications of the radiological aspect of the small bowel and colon; c) constipation and diarrhea were not correlated with any type of morphometric modifications of the colon; d) constipation was significantly correlated with low fiber diet.

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It is difficult to select and combine the nutritional parameters most useful in predicting the outcome of major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was to define retrospectively a multifactorial prognostic nutritional index adapted to this purpose. Seventy-eight patients on whom one or more total or partial visceral resection were performed in nonemergency conditions were included in this study. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine correlations between the preoperative nutritional parameters and the postoperative complications such as: a) wound rupture and anastomotic leakage; b) severe sepsis; c) death. Delayed hypersensitivity, assessed as normal or abnormal, together with plasmatic albumin and transferrin levels, the thresholds of which were respectively determined at 35 g/l and 2.2 g/l, were selected as the factors with the greatest predictive value. For the prognosis of postoperative severe complications and death, the sensitivity and specificity of an index using the association of these three parameters were respectively 82.7 p. 100 and 51 p. 100 with positive and negative predictive values of 50 p. 100 and 83.3 p. 100.

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Nonfusion of the pancreatic ducts (pancreas divisum) was diagnosed in 41 of 812 patients in whom ERCP provided a definite diagnosis (5.04% of cases). Pancreas divisum was significantly associated with diseases of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis was less frequently observed in cases of pancreas divisum whereas acute pancreatitis, especially acute recurrent pancreatitis, was statistically more frequently seen in patients in whom the anomaly was present. These results support the hypothesis that pancreas divisum favours the development of acute pancreatitis.

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The influence of a long term ingestion of ethanol on the rat exocrine pancreas has been studied by electron microscopy. The comparison of micrographs from alcoholic and non alcoholic pancreas allowed us to compare the different organelles of acinar pancreatic cells. These data have been submitted to factorial analysis of correspondences. The ultrastructural modifications revealed out by this analysis are in good agreement with the hypothesis of an adaptation of exocrine cells to a chronic hyperfunctional state.

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A multicenter study on the etiology and diet of patients with pancreatic diseases has been realized with the collaboration of 36 centers in 19 countries having widely different climatic and racial conditions. 2,478 cases were studied: acute pancreatitis (AP), 222 males, 208 females; calcified chronic pancreatitis (CCP), 801 males, 134 females; non-calcified chronic pancreatitis (NCCP), 525 males, 155 females; pancreatic cancer (PK), 69 males, 14 females; controls, 281 males, 62 females. The analysis of mutual information and the factorial analysis of correspondences have been used. With regard to chronic pancreatitis, the 19 countries could be classified into 4 classes presenting relative similarities. (A) Southern Europe: The diet is rich in carbohydrates, protein and lipids, alcohol intake is primarily in the form of wine and the pathology is dominated by CCP. There are much fewer women than men with chronic pancreatitis. (B) Northern Europe, to which may be added Argentina and Chile, is characterized by a protein- and lipid-rich diet, a beer-based alcohol consumption and a distinct prevalence of AP and NCCP. The prevalence of males with chronic pancreatitis is less marked than in southern Europe. (C) Japan has a lipid-poor diet and a low frequency of CCP and NCCP. (D) A fourth group is mostly composed of tropical countries with mixed races. It may be divided into 2 subclasses: (a) India is the most characteristic country of the first type with low fat, low protein diet, no alcoholism, high frequency of CCP (at an early age); (b) Brasil and South Africa are representative of the second subclass with very high alcohol intake in the form of spirits and a high frequency of CCP.

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In this paper we propose a method allowing the representation of time-dependent changes in symptomatology. In algorithm, which automatically generates the sequence of stable states in patient's symptomatology evolution, describes slow, as well as fast, variations of diseases. This sequential representation of data can then be analysed by classical statistical procedures in a population of patients suffering from pancreatic diseases, to estimate the rate of global modification of clinical symptomatology in time.

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In France, changes in the incidence of gallstones during the 20 years following World War II paralleled the changes in total calories, protein and lipid of the diet. The incidence of gallstones in autopsy statistics has been compared to the diets in different countries: France, India, Japan, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden and Uganda. Low calorie, low protein, low lipid intake and vegetable diet are associated with a low incidence of gallstones. A positive correlation between calorie intake and gallstones incidence was found at necropsy for calorie intakes lower than 3,000 kcal. In countries with high calorie, high protein and high lipid intakes, such a correlation was not found. These results suggest that a hypocaloric diet associated with a low intake of fat and protein mostly of vegetable origin, is protective against cholelithiasis.

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